毛乌素沙地三种下垫面土壤吸湿凝结水量的比较

为探讨半干旱区不同下垫面对土壤吸湿凝结水量的影响,采用称重法研究了毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心院内臭柏群落、油蒿群落和裸地三种下垫面土壤吸湿凝结水量的变化特征。结果表明:植被可以改变试验点的温湿度,裸露沙地凝结量小于有植物区;臭柏群落形成吸湿凝结水最多,油蒿次之,裸地最少;同一下垫面中的凝结水量,地表以上20cm处的>10cm处>地表处。     

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群风媒传粉的特征

为了揭示天然臭柏种群的风媒传粉特点,对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群花粉飞散及空间分布特性进行了研究。结果表明:毛乌素沙地臭柏群落的散粉期约为13d,花粉飞散密度变化规律、分布特点受立地条件和气象因子的综合影响。散粉期内花粉密度出现双峰型,散粉期花粉密度时变化与气象因子逐步回归分析表明,花粉散发与温度、相对湿度有关,与风速作用不显著;不同方位的花粉密度受主风频率影响,主风方向花粉密度占58.07%。花粉密度与座果率密切相关,雌球花周围的花粉密度为81.59粒/cm2.d~436.94粒/cm2.d,座果率为0~31.25%。方差分析表明,日间花粉密度的差异达显著水平(P=0.05),昼夜间差异达极显著水平(P=0.01),花粉密度时变化差异未达显著水平。臭柏花粉垂直高度间、不同地类花粉密度差异不显著,方位间差异不显著。     

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏、油蒿群落细根分解及影响因子分析

采用埋袋法对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏、油蒿群落的分解速率在2005年4~10月,2006年4~10月间进行了为期2年的动态研究,并同步测定样地的温度、相对湿度、露点温度、绝对湿度、土壤含水率等影响因子。建立了细根重量保持率与时间的数学关系式,揭示了群落内部气象因子的动态变化。结果表明:臭柏和油蒿细根分解系数相差较大(P(0.05),细根分解系数在臭柏群落与臭柏灌丛间差异不显著,臭柏分解系数为油蒿分解系数的44.44%。在对细根分解与其影响因子的相关分析基础上,探讨沙区生态系统中气象因子、土壤水分对细根分解速率的影响,这部分工作的开展对于揭示沙区生态系统的物质循环和能量流动具有重要理论意义。     

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落种子产量、种子库及幼苗更新

采用样方调查法,研究了毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabinavulgaris)群落的种子产量、种子库及幼苗更新。结果表明:毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落的球果丰富,约为3093. 83粒/m2,种子产量为9118. 5粒/m2,优良种子达2954. 4粒/m2。5种立地条件间的土壤种子库差异大、质量低,种子优良度最高的也仅为3. 7%。土壤种子集中分布于0 ~5cm土层内,并随着土壤深度增加,优良种子数由0~5cm的30. 52粒/m2减少到5~10cm的1. 3粒/m2。5 种立地中当年幼苗数的平均值仅为7. 98株/m2,最高的(A类立地)为14. 7株/m2,仅占表土优良种的30%左右,最低的(D类立地)已经丧失了更新能力。臭柏群落内种子更新苗少,而且种子更新集中在少数滩地小生境中。种子库小、质量差、更新环境的丧失是限制臭柏群落天然更新与拓展的主要因子。     

毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根生产动态及影响因子

在毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心北试实验地选取了七块样地,并依据建群植被外貌特征划分为臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落三类。用根钻对各样地一个生长季内的根系进行了五次取样,同时测量土壤水分、枝条生长长度、温湿度等一些气象因子。对活细根分级并称干重,发现臭柏、油蒿不同径级细根的季节动态不同,不同土层内相同径级的细根生产动态也不相同:①臭柏与油蒿D≤2 mm的细根生物量在4~5月份都有一个快速增长的阶段,随后增长格局各不相同。②臭柏灌丛中,1 mm相似文献   

毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)光抑制响应机制研究意义北大核心CSCD

光抑制现象普遍存在于自然条件下生长的植物中,为了物种的延续,植物在长期的适应和进化过程中,形成了多种光抑制防御机制。臭柏（Sabina vulgaris Ant.）是毛乌素沙地唯一的天然常绿针叶灌木,在沙漠强光环境下完成更新,其热耗散等光抑制防御机制必然发挥重要作用。通过简要综述植物光抑制现象,以及强光下植物主要的光抑制防御机制,对臭柏光抑制防御机制研究现状进行梳理和展望。总体而言,有关臭柏光抑制防御机制的研究尚属初步探索阶段,臭柏应对光抑制的生理机理和分子机制尚不明确,从分子层面研究毛乌素沙地臭柏抵御光抑制的机制,可揭示臭柏是如何通过光抑制防御机制来适应恶劣的沙漠环境。     

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落有性更新的微生境特征

在毛乌素沙地天然臭柏(Sabina vulgaris)群落内,按群落外貌特征设置5类样地,分别定义为乌柳灌丛林地(A)、乌柳+臭柏灌丛林地(B)、臭柏+乌柳灌丛林地(C)、臭柏灌丛林地(D)和乌柳被伐区(E),采用样方调查法对其有性更新微生境特征进行了调查。结果表明:臭柏幼苗的空间分布为非均匀式,幼苗多出现在乌柳灌林地下,并且呈现愈靠近树干基部幼苗数量愈多的空间格局。5类样地中共出现67种植物,并呈现从A样地向D样地植物种数量逐渐下降的趋势。A类立地内植物种类数最多,达到50种,其中喜湿的植物占2.7%,而D类立地最少,并且喜湿的植物退出,旱生植物占到50%。从A样方到D样方长达1.5 km的样带上,乌柳的株数依次减少,并在D样地完全消失。臭柏有性更新幼苗数从A样方的17.4株/m2下降到D样方的0株/m2。环境变量的测定表明,地表温度、光照强度和土壤表层含水量是影响臭柏天然更新的主要环境因子。E样地内的光照强度明显增强,臭柏有性更新幼苗株数从采伐前的17.4株/m2急剧下降到0.2株/m2,并且从采伐后每年没有新的更新幼苗出现。A样地与其它样地相比具有光照强度、气温和地温低,空气相对湿度、表土含水量、浅层地下水位高的特征,是臭柏有性更新最适宜的微生境。保护毛乌素沙地天然乌柳灌丛地是维持天然臭柏种群稳定,促进其恢复的重要措施。     

毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)光抑制响应机制研究意义

光抑制现象普遍存在于自然条件下生长的植物中,为了物种的延续,植物在长期的适应和进化过程中,形成了多种光抑制防御机制。臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)是毛乌素沙地唯一的天然常绿针叶灌木,在沙漠强光环境下完成更新,其热耗散等光抑制防御机制必然发挥重要作用。通过简要综述植物光抑制现象,以及强光下植物主要的光抑制防御机制,对臭柏光抑制防御机制研究现状进行梳理和展望。总体而言,有关臭柏光抑制防御机制的研究尚属初步探索阶段,臭柏应对光抑制的生理机理和分子机制尚不明确,从分子层面研究毛乌素沙地臭柏抵御光抑制的机制,可揭示臭柏是如何通过光抑制防御机制来适应恶劣的沙漠环境。     

中国天然臭柏生长特征地理差异的初步分析

为了探讨中国天然臭柏(Juniperus sabina Ant.)生长特征的地理差异,在中国臭柏天然分布区选择14个样点开展了臭柏株高、地径、叶枝比的调查,并进行了统计分析。结果表明:1)中国臭柏的平均株高为65.11±7.12cm,平均地径为2.10±0.19cm,平均叶枝比为1.09±0.10;2)不同地区之间天然臭柏生长指标存在较显著的差异性,其中毛乌素沙地片区天然臭柏平均株高最高,新疆阿勒泰片区天然臭柏的平均地径最粗,祁连山片区天然臭柏的平均叶枝比最大;3)海拔为影响天然臭柏生长指标变化的主要地理因子,海拔与天然臭柏平均株高和平均地径之间具有显著的负相关关系,与平均叶枝比之间具有显著的正相关关系;4)臭柏天然分布区经纬度与平均株高、叶枝比间的关系不明显,但纬度与平均地径间有较明显的正相关,表明臭柏具有广阔的适生范围。     

影响毛乌素沙地臭柏年轮宽度变化的主要气候因子分析

应用相关分析和因子分析方法 ,研究了影响毛乌素沙地沙丘顶部臭柏 ( Sabinavulgaris)年轮宽度变化的气候因子。结果表明 :生长季的降水能够促进沙丘顶部臭柏的径向生长 ,但生长季的高温对匍匐生长的沙丘顶部臭柏有抑制作用。 1 0月份开始进入休眠期后 ,气温过高会影响下一年度臭柏的生长。以各个变量的因子负荷量为依据 ,对各个气候变量的效应分析结果表明 ,温度变量比降水变量的效果显著 ,其中对年平均气温影响最大的是冬季平均气温 ;年降水量主要受夏季降水量和秋季降水量的影响 ;冬季平均气温和生长季降水具有明显的正效应 ,但春季高温会产生负效应。     

Estimating aboveground biomass in Mu Us Sandy Land using Landsat spectral derived vegetation indices over the past 30 years

Remote sensing is a valuable and effective tool for monitoring and estimating aboveground biomass （AGB） in large areas.The current international research on biomass estimation by remote sensing technique mainly focused on forests,grasslands and crops,with relatively few applications for desert ecosystems.In this paper,Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM）/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM＋） images from 1988 to 2007 and the data of 283 AGB samples in August 2007 were used to estimate the AGB for Mu Us Sandy Land over the past 30 years.Moreover,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of AGB and influencing factors of climate and underlying surface were also studied.Results show that：（1） Differences of correlations exist in the fitted equations between AGB and different vegetation indices in desert areas.The modified soil adjusted vegetation index （MSAVI） and soil adjusted vegetation index （SAVI） show relatively higher correlations with AGB,while the correlation between normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and AGB is relatively lower.Error testing shows that the AGB-MSAVI model established can be used to accurately estimate AGB of Mu Us Sandy Land in August.（2） AGB in Mu Us Sandy Land shows the fluctuant characteristics over the past 30 years,which decreased from the 1980s to the 1990s,and increased from the 1990s to 2007.AGB in 2007 had the highest value,with a total AGB of 3.352×106 t.Moreover,in the 1990s,AGB had the lowest value with a total AGB of 2.328×106 t.（3） AGB with relatively higher values was mainly located in the middle and southern parts of Mu Us Sandy Land in the 1980s.AGB was low in the whole area in the1990s,and relatively higher AGB values were mainly located in the southern parts of Uxin.In 2007,AGB in the whole area was relatively higher than those of the last twenty years,and higher AGB values were mainly located in the northern,western and middle parts of Mu Us Sandy Land.     

Dew measurement and estimation of rain-fed jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill) in a semi-arid loess hilly region of China

Dew is an important water source for plants in arid and semi-arid regions. However, information on dew is scarce in such regions. In this study, we explored dew formation, amount, and duration of rain-fed jujube(Zizyphus jujube Mill) trees in a semi-arid loess hilly region of China(i.e., Mizhi County). The data included dew intensity and duration, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed measured from 26 July to 23 October, 2012 and from 24 June to 17 October, 2013 using a micro-climate system(including dielectric leaf wetness sensors, VP-3 Relative Humidity/Temperature Sensor, High Resolution Rain Gauge, and Davis Cup Anemometer). The results show that atmospheric conditions of relative humidity of 78% and dew point temperature of 1°C–3°C are significantly favorable to dew formation. Compared with the rainfall, dew was characterized by high frequency, strong stability, and long duration. Furthermore, heavy dew accounted for a large proportion of the total amount. The empirical models(i.e., relative humidity model(RH model) and dew point depression model(DPD model)) for daily dew duration estimation performed well at 15-min intervals, with low errors ranging between 1.29 and 1.60 h, respectively. But it should be noted that the models should be calibrated firstly by determining the optimal thresholds of relatively humidity for RH model and dew point depression for DPD model. For rain-fed jujube trees in the semi-arid loess hilly regions of China, the optimal threshold of relative humidity was 78%, and the optimal upper and lower thresholds of dew point depression were 1°C and 5°C, respectively. The study further demonstrates that dew is an important water resource that cannot be ignored for rain-fed jujube trees and may affect water balance at regional scales.     

The ecological role of dew in assisting seed germination of the annual desert plant species in a desert environment,northwestern China

It is important to understand the effects of dew events on non-mucilaginous seed germination of annual desert plant species during dry seasons, which is critical to maintaining long-term soil seed banks in a harsh desert environment. We hypothesize that dew deposition also assists in the non-mucilaginous seed germination of annual desert species. A common field dew treatment experiment was conducted in the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station to investigate the effects of dew deposition on the seed germination of four annual species, including Agriophyllum squarrosum, Corispermum mongolicum, Bassia dasyphylla and Halogeton arachnoideus. The results showed that the presence of dew significantly increased seed germination percentages and decreased the nonviable seed percentages of B. dasyphylla and H. arachnoideus, whereas there was no such trend for the seeds of C. mongolicum and A. squarrosum. The ecological effects of dew on the seed germination and viability of the annual desert plants were species specific. Although dew wetting is insufficient to cause seed germination, it may help in priming the seeds.     

沙坡头地区凝结水及其在生态环境中的意义

本文论述了草原化荒漠区在之灌溉条件下,仅依靠自然降水,植物生长与水分平衡的关系,指出吸湿凝结水是地表植被,尤其是对土著植物,隐花植物,微生物有一定侵润和水分的补给作用。对线根性一年生植物也有滋养意义。对强化固沙植物,固沙植物的生化活性、生物循环和能量转化有相当积极的生态意义。     

黑河中游临泽地区夏季露水的生成

对于降雨稀少的内陆干旱区,露水具有重要的生态学意义.在黑河中游的张掖市临泽县平川镇,于2008年6～9月利用人造面板法对露水进行了连续90d的观测,发现:①只有当露水收集板的温度低于露点时,露水才能生成;②观测期间河岸带共生成露水52次,总生成量为4.26 nn,绿洲内共生成34次,总生成量为1.52 mm,戈壁共生成...     

Effects of aeolian processes on nutrient loss from surface soils and their significance for sandy desertification in Mu Us Desert,China: a wind tunnel approach

Mu Us Desert, a region with high aeolian activity, is at extremely high risk of sandy desertification. Using surface soil samples collected from Mu Us Desert of northern China, we evaluated the effects of aeolian processes on nutrient loss from surface soils by employing wind tunnel experiments. The experiments were conducted using free-stream wind velocities of 14, 16, 18 and 22 m/s. Our results showed that the fine particles(50 μm in diameter; 12.28% of all transported materials) carrying large nutrient loadings were exported outside the study area by aeolian processes. After the erodible fine particles were transported away from the soil surfaces at low wind velocity(i.e. 14 m/s), the following relatively high wind velocity(i.e. 22 m/s) did not have any significant effect on nutrient export, because the coefficients of variation for soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and available potassium were usually 5%. Our experimental results confirmed that aeolian processes result in a large amount of nutrient export, and consequently increase the risk of sandy desertification in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.     

毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态

基于毛乌素沙地的野外观测资料,对毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态进行分析。结果表明,土壤水分季节变化可划分为土壤水积聚期、消耗期和稳定期;根据土壤水分垂直变化可把土壤剖面划分为土壤水分易变层、利用层和调节层;沿着坡度减小的方向,各地形断面对应层次的土壤水分含量逐渐升高,丘间地土壤水分含量明显高于该断面上其余各点。