漠斑牙鲆人工育苗技术

漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)隶属鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes),鲆科(Bothiche),牙鲆属(Paralichthys)。该鱼原产于美国,分布于大西洋美国佛罗里达州北部沿海和墨西哥湾沿海,肉质细嫩、鲜美,并具有食性杂,适盐范围广,生长快,抗病力强,较耐高温,易活运等特点。在美国、日本、韩国倍受消费者青睐,具有很高的经济价值和     

漠斑牙鲆人工育苗技术探讨

报道了2006年12月12日、17日和2007年1月15日分三批次从山东引进1.1kg漠斑牙鲆受精卵进行人工育苗研究的结果.获受精卵110万粒,孵出仔鱼70万尾,孵化率64%.在育苗水温为18.1～23℃,盐度为32～34,光照50～2000lx,经100天左右培育,育出全长3.8～5.4cm鱼苗17万尾,成活率24.3%.     

漠斑牙鲆生物学及人工繁育

漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma),原产于美国,是一种新养殖品种,具有肉质细嫩、生长快、品质优等特点。对环境因子适应能力较强,可以在海水、半咸水,甚至淡水中生存,并且具有广温性,适宜进行人工养殖。目前我国已经引进漠斑牙鲆,为了使国内的养殖界对其有较全面和深入的了解,现将有关该鱼生物学及其人工繁育方面的资料进行汇总整理,综述如下。     

漠斑牙鲆人工繁育技术研究

本文研究了漠斑牙鲆亲鱼培育、产卵、受精卵孵化,仔稚鱼饵料系列的选择以及营养强化,并进行了人工授精试验,完善了漠斑牙鲆人工繁育技术工艺.结果表明:16～18 ℃为漠斑牙鲆最佳自然产卵水温;18～19 ℃水温下仔稚鱼的成活率较高.     

漠斑牙鲆全人工育苗初试

漠斑牙鲆属广温广盐性底栖鱼类,在我国南方和北方均能养殖,不仅能在海水中养殖,还可在淡水中养殖,是一个推广前景非常广阔的名贵品种.为此,我市积极开展了漠斑牙鲆引养、养成与育苗试验.现将全人工育苗试验情况报告如下.     

提高漠斑牙鲆人工育苗成活率的措施探讨

本文分析了漠斑牙鲆人工育苗过程中出现的死亡高峰期,并分别从饵料、分苗、温度、盐度、光照等生态因子以及日常管理等方面探讨了旨在提高漠斑牙鲆人工育苗成活率的措施。     

漠斑牙鲆繁育技术

一、漠斑牙鲆的繁殖漠斑牙鲆二龄性成熟,成熟的雄性个体体重300～400克,体长25厘米:雌性个体体重800～1000克,体长35厘米。漠斑牙鲆是分批产卵的,每千克体重雌鱼一次产卵量为10万粒。     

漠斑牙鲆淡化试验报告

2005年我们对漠斑牙鲆的幼鱼（图见彩中插2）淡化技术进行了研究,取得了淡化盐度到0、成活率98％以上的良好效果。现将试验情况报告如下：     

漠斑牙鲆淡水养殖试验

漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethosigma),又称南方鲆,隶属于鲽形目、鲽亚目、鲆科、牙鲆亚科,牙鲆属,原产于美国北卡莱罗纳州至佛罗里达州南部海湾。该鱼具有生长快、品质优、适应范围广、抗病、抗逆性强、肉质细腻、营养丰富等特点,在海、淡水中均能生长,是我国内陆和沿海地区不可     

漠斑牙鲆人工育苗技术要点

漠斑牙鲆原产于美国沿海,是一种优质的水产养殖品种。在美国,漠斑牙鲆的亲鱼培育、产卵、育苗等基础研究已进展多年;近几年来,国内有单位先后从美国引进了漠斑牙鲆亲鱼或鱼苗进行培育,有的单位已取得了一定的进展,有的单位还遇到了不少技术难题,亲鱼培育与人工繁殖技术还未过关。在此,我们将有关资料及我们的经验编译如下,希望对漠斑牙鲆的人工育苗生     

漠斑牙鲆仔鱼摄食节律的研究

在实验室条件下研究了漠斑牙鲆仔鱼摄食节律。试验结果表明：漠斑牙鲆仔鱼摄食具有昼夜节律性,其摄食活动主要在白天进行,在10：00光照度为400lx时摄食最为活跃,抵达摄食高峰,仔鱼夜间不摄食,全天表现明显的摄食节律。     

漠斑牙鲆养殖技术

漠斑牙鲆（Paralichthys ledthostigma）隶属鲽形目、鲆科、牙鲆属,原产于美国,分布于北卡州到佛罗里达州北部的大西洋沿岸以及佛罗里达州南部海湾到德克萨斯州南部海峡沿岸。漠斑牙鲆在海水（盐度36）、半咸水以及淡水中都有分布,为典型的广盐种。该鱼因具有生长速度快、广盐、广温、抗病力强等特点而成为世界上重要养殖鱼类。我国也于近年从美国引入该鱼,在辽宁、山东、北京等地养殖成功,并突破了人工繁殖技术。     

容器颜色对漠斑牙鲆白化率和成活率的影响

本文就培养容器的颜色对漠斑牙鲆稚鱼的白化率和生长率的影响进行初步研究。结果表明:用深蓝色和黑色等深色容器培养的稚鱼白化率显著低于白色和黄色等浅色容器(p<0.05),黑色、深蓝色、黄色和白色4个组别(N=100)的白化率分别为20.8%、14.4%、57.6%和86.6%;白色最高为86.6%,深蓝色最低为14.4%;而用不同颜色的容器培养漠斑牙鲆的稚幼鱼,对其成活率影响不大(p>0.05),黑色、深蓝色、黄色和白色4个组别的成活率分别为96.0%、90.0%、82.5%、93.0%;白化稚幼鱼的生长发育并无异常。     

Effect of protein levels on growth, feed utilization, nitrogen and energy budget in juvenile southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

A feeding trial with five crude protein levels (549, 513, 472, 445 and 399 g kg^?1) was conducted to investigate the optimum protein level in diets of juvenile southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Budgets of nitrogen and energy were discussed. Fish (initial weight 32.9 ± 0.5 g fish^?1, mean ± SD) were fed the experimental diets to satiation twice daily for 61 days. Protein levels affected specific growth rate in wet weight (SGR_W) and protein (SGR_P) significantly. SGR_W and SGR_P were highest at 512.5 g kg^?1 protein level. SGR_W was positively correlated to growth nitrogen (GN), growth energy (GE), nitrogen digestibility, energy digestibility, amount of digestible nitrogen and amount of digestible energy. Faecal nitrogen (FN) and faecal energy (FE) were affected significantly with trends contrary to SGR_W. The nitrogen budget was described by the equation 100CN = 2.1FN + 34.4UN + 63.5GN (CN, nitrogen intake; UN, excretion nitrogen). The energy budget was 100IE = 4.04FE +3.32UE + 54.35GE + 38.30ME (IE, gross energy intake; UE, excretion energy; ME, metabolizable energy). The average proportion of GE and ME in assimilated energy (AE) was described by the equation 100AE = 58.65GE + 41.35ME.     

Sustained, Natural Spawning of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Under an Extended Photothermal Regime

Hormone‐induced spawning of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma has produced substantial numbers of viable eggs, but wide variations in fertilization and hatch rates have been reported. Recently, sustained natural spawning of southern flounder broodstock, without hormone induction, has been achieved in our laboratory. Adults (average weight = 1.12 kg; N= 25), including 6 captured as juveniles in 1993 and 19 captured as adults during September 1998, were stocked in two 4.8‐m³ controlled‐environment tanks in October 1998 and held under natural photothermal conditions until January 1999, when an artificial winter photo‐period of 10 L:14 D was initiated and then maintained through April 1999. Sex ratio was approximately 13 females:8 males:7 unknown. Natural spawning was observed in early December 1998 and increased in frequency to a peak in March 1999, before declining in late April. Water temperature ranged from 13.9 to 24.5 C during the spawning period. Natural spawnings over 142 d produced a total of 18.3 × 10⁶ eggs, with a mean fertilization rate of 28.0% (range = 0–100%), yielding 4.94 × 10⁶ fertilized eggs. The mean percentage of eggs that remained buoyant in full‐strength seawater (34 ppt) was 41.3% (0–98%), while hatching rate of buoyant eggs was 37.3% (0–99%) and survival of yolksac larvae to the first‐feeding stage was 30.2% (0–100%). Gonadal biopsies in late April identified six females from both tanks as probable spawners. A preliminary comparison suggests that natural spawning produced much larger numbers of viable eggs per female, with higher egg quality (i.e., fertilization and hatching success) than hormone‐induced spawning. In contrast to natural spawning, hormone‐induced strip‐spawning enabled timing of spawnings to be more precisely controlled. These results suggest that a combination of both natural and hormone‐induced spawning of photothermally conditioned fish will help produce the large numbers of eggs required to support commercial production.