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小反刍兽疫(Petsedespetisruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(Petsedespetisruminantsvirus,PPRV)引起绵羊、山羊等小反刍动物急性、热性、高度接触性的传染病。本病于1942年在西非的科特迪瓦地区首次爆发,2007年7月我国首次报道在西藏自治区日土县热帮乡龙门卡村发生PPR疫情。本病以发热、结膜炎、糜烂性口腔炎、肺炎为特征。严重暴发时,本病的发病率高达100%,羔羊感染时病死率可达100%。因此PPR被国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类病,在我国列为一类动物疫病。本文重点阐述了小反刍兽疫的诊断方法及免疫学研究。 相似文献
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小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)是副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)麻疹病毒属(Morbolivirus)的成员,主要感染山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物,引起一种高度接触性病毒性传染病。小反刍兽疫为一种重大的外来性疾病,2007年在中国西藏自治区日土县首次发生。自2013年末以来中国新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、湖南、辽宁等地频繁暴发小反兽疫疫情,给中国的畜牧业带来了巨大的损失,引起极大的重视。为更好的分析小反刍兽疫的病原特性及采取有效的防控措施,文章对小反刍兽疫的病原学及疫苗研究进展进行论述。 相似文献
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小反刍兽疫研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种主要感染小反刍动物的急性、接触性传染病,发病率、死亡率高.近年来,小反刍兽疫(PPR)呈扩散的趋势,成为重要的跨国动物传染病之一,我国周边国家频繁器发该病.2007年7月25日暴发于西藏自治区日土县的我国首例小反刍尊疫疫情,更是对我国如何做好该病的防控工作提出了新的要求和挑战.为了增强广大兽医工作者和相关人士对本病的认识,文中就小反刍兽疫的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理特征以及诊断方法等方面的研究现状进行了综述. 相似文献
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小反刍兽疫又称“羊瘟”,是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的,是一种急性、高度接触性病毒性传染病,易感动物为山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物,是世界动物卫生组织规定的须通报动物疫病,属于我国的一类动物疫病。2007年7月,小反刍兽疫首次由境外传入我国西藏阿里地区,随后疫情很快被控制。2014年我国全面暴发小反刍兽疫疫情,疫情扩散至国内多个省份。国家先后发布相关法律法规对小反刍兽疫实施免疫净化。该文主要论述张家港市小反刍兽疫免疫抗体和病原学检测效果评价。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献