饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂促生长作用机理的比较

免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力,而且能起到促生长的作用。免疫增强剂的医疗、保健作用越来越受到重视。然而,不同类型的添加剂起到了抗病促生长的相似功效,其促生长机理却有所不同,人们对饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂的促生长机理的研究成为无抗技术研究过程中的关键问题,本文从动物的生长过程入手就此问题做一综述。     

饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂促生长作用机理的比较

免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力,而且能起到抗病促生长的作用。免疫增强剂的医疗、保健作用越来越受到重视。然而,不同类型的添加剂起到了相似抗病促生长的功效,其促生长机理却有所不同,人们对饲用弦土素与免疫增强剂的促生长机理的研究成为无抗技术研究过程中的关键问题．本文从动物总的生长过程入手．本就此问题做一综述。     

饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂的作用机理的对比研究

免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力,而且能起到抗病促生长的作用。免疫增强剂的医疗、保健作用越来越受到重视。然而,不同类型的添加剂起到了相似抗病促生长的功效,其内在机理却有所不同,人们对饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂的分子水平的机理的研究成为无抗技术研究过程中的关键问题,本文就此问题做一综述。     

免疫增强剂与饲用抗生素对动物生长影响的分析与比较

免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂.很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力,而且能起到抗病促生长的作用.本文从两种类型饲料添加剂应用背景入手,以促进动物生长为出发点,比较了二者的异同.     

免疫增强剂与饲用抗生素对动物生长影响的分析与比较

免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力，而且能起到抗病促生长的作用。本文从两种类型饲料添加剂应用背景入手，以促进动物生长为出发点，比较了二者的异同。     

免疫增强剂与饲用抗生素对动物生长的影响

免疫增强剂是饲料添加荆由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力，而且能起到抗病促生长的作用。笔者从2种类型饲料添加荆应用背景入手，以促进动物生长为出发点，比较了二者的异同。     

浅谈抗生素在畜禽生产中的效应

抗生素作为饲料添加剂应用于饲养业开始于20世纪40年代。几十年来,抗生素通过抑制病原微生物增殖,减少其代谢毒素对动物的毒害作用而在防治动物的疾病、促进动物的生长、提高畜禽产品的产量等方面起到了积极的作用。但是长期的使用抗生素,尤其是饲养过程中使用抗病药物、促生长添加剂等,会造成药物的残留超标,产地的环境污染,导致肌肉的品质和加工产品的质量下降。     

饲用抗生素在家禽生产中的应用

目前,世界上生产的抗生素已达200多种,作为饲料添加剂的有60多种。我国《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》中明确规定,允许作为促生长类添加剂在饲料中长期使用的抗生素为33种。促生长类抗生素饲料添加剂以亚治疗剂量应用于健康动物饲料中,可改善动物营养状况,促进动物生长,提高饲料效率,同时起到预防疾病,提高动物免疫功能,抵抗应激的作用。     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能的影响

抗生素作为饲料添加剂在饲料工业中的应用已有几十年的历史,对畜牧业的发展起到了积极的推动作用,尤其是在畜禽疾病防治及促生长方面发挥了重要作用。但随着抗生素的长期使用,导致了动物体及环境中的病原微生物耐药性越来越强,对畜禽的抗病促生长效果逐渐降低,人们不得不频繁更换抗生素种类或加大用量,使畜禽产品中药物残留不断增加,严重危害人类的身体健康。     

饲料添加剂糖萜素研究

1　概述随着人们对动物营养生理和各类生长因子作用机理研究的进一步深入 ,一些有代表性的抗生素替代品诸如益生素、寡糖、酶制剂、中草药、糖萜素等不断被开发出来 ,它们都不同程度地克服了抗生素的缺陷 ,特别是糖萜素 ,作为获得国家绿色发展中心认证的全国唯一AA级纯天然绿色饲料添加剂 ,更有广阔的发展前景。早在西汉时代 ,中国就有中草药添加于饲料中 ,以促进动物生长、增重和防治疾病的文字记载 ,近年来中草药饲料添加剂研究非常活跃。然而由于中草药添加剂因成分复杂、效果不稳定等原因 ,迄今尚未有一种真正有效的天然产品 ,其抗病促…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …