The efficiency of a Ni MH battery used in hybrid vehicles

The efficiency of the 60QNY6.5 battery is studied by testing and theoretical analysis in order to improve the control precision of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and the battery useful life. A rig for testing the Ni MH batteries of HEVs is established. The data from experiments performed on the Ni MH battery are analyzed. Based on the experimental results and the temperature of the batteries, internal resistance and electromotance models of Ni MH batteries are proposed by function fitting methods. The theoretic formula for battery efficiency is deduced by the operational principle of the battery and motor, which provides theoretical basis for dynamic optimizing technology of HEV system controlling strategy.     

Heat dissipation optimization of DC-DC and IPU for hybrid electric vehicle

Due to the bad heat dissipation of the existing heat dissipation structure of DC-DC and IPU for hybrid electric vehicle(HEV), the temperature of DC-DC and IPU will rise during the running process, which in turn decreases the stability and reliability of the hybrid electric system. Aiming at this problem, a three-dimensional, transient heat dissipation model is built for DC-DC and IPU heat dissipation structure based on the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. By using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, flow field and temperature field of DC-DC and IPU heat dissipation structure are numerically simulated. Based on the simulation, and combined with heat transfer theory, an improvement scheme of heat dissipation structure is proposed. The simulation results and experiment results of thermal performance and temperature rise show that the improvement scheme can improve the thermal performance, and decrease the temperature rise of DC-DC and IPU effectively, thus satisfy the application requirements in HEV.     

密集烤房内温度与气流分布数值模拟研究

提高烤房内温度及气流组织分布的均匀性,不仅可有效提高烟叶烘烤质量,而且可在一定程度上缩短烘烤时间,从而降低烘烤能耗。以密集型标准烤房为模拟研究对象,建立了装烟室内空气流动的k-ε两方程三维紊流模型。利用大型计算流体力学软件Fluent,对密集烤房内温度场及速度场进行了系统地数值模拟。分析了装烟室内温度及气流分布的均匀性,并获得了密集烤房合理的送风量。相关的数值模拟结果可为密集烤房结构、气流组织分布优化及循环风机选型提供参考。     

彩钢板屋顶高大平房仓仓顶喷涂反射隔热涂料的应用效果

分析了彩钢板屋顶高大平房仓喷涂太阳热反射隔热涂料对仓顶温度、仓温、粮温的影响,为彩钢板屋顶高大平房仓控温储粮寻找一种有效方法。试验结果表明,喷涂太阳热反射隔热涂料对控制彩钢板屋顶高大平房仓仓温效果明显,同时可以达到延缓仓顶彩钢板老化、改善仓内工作环境和节能减排的目的。     

SOC Definition of Battery Management System Used in Hybrid Vehicles

For the requirement of building up the battery management system (BMS) of hybrid vehicles(HEVs), the real time measurement and estimation of charge (SOC) of the Ni MH batteries are investigated, because the popular SOC definition is unsuitable under the condition of variable current discharge. The origin of this kind unsuitability are analyzed ,and the characteristics and existing problems of different kinds of SOC measuring methods are compared. On the basis of mentioned above, some corrections are given to the popular SOC definition, and the new conception of SOC is proposed. The corrected definition of SOC is suitable for the real time SOC estimation under the variable current condition of the batteries used in HEVs. Based on the corrected SOC definition, the computational model of the new SOC is built and simulated. Satisfactory result has been obtained from comparisons of the simulating results, which shows that the theoretical model provides a basis for optimizing the adaptation of power system to the hybrid vehicles (HEVs).     

持续低温及低温连阴天气下几种典型日光温室保温性能评价

为准确评价天津地区新建的几种典型日光温室在冬季持续低温及低温连阴天2种灾害性天气条件下的保温性能,笔者在冬季对土墙、二代砖墙、高标准砖墙3种结构类型日光温室内夜间的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、温度低于10℃的持续时间、夜间最低温度偏离度等指标进行观测与统计分析。结果表明,土墙日光温室在2种灾害性天气条件下保温性能均最佳,高标准砖墙温室在连阴天条件下,保温性能差于土墙,但与二代砖墙温室保温性相差不大,而在低温条件下,高标准砖墙温室保温性明显好于二代砖墙温室,二代砖墙温室保温性能最差,并获得了定量化的指标。该结果对防御日光温室冬季低温灾害影响有较好的指导意义。     

钢板仓聚氨酯保温效果浅析

采用聚氨酯发泡喷涂技术对钢板仓外表面进行保温隔热处理,之后再喷涂白色乳胶漆作为聚氨酯硬泡体的保护反光层,这种保温技术有效地控制了外温变化对钢板仓的仓温、粮温的影响,延缓仓内粮食品质劣变,保温隔热效果显著,有利于钢板仓储粮保管和储粮安全,促进低温储粮发展。     

Quick Charge Method of Hybrid Vehicle''s Battery

For the requirement of building up the battery management system of hybridelectric vehicle,the method of quick charge of batteries is investigatedunder the conditions of ensuring natural life of batteries. The characteristics of the general charge methods areanalyzed, and existing problems of these charge methods are discussed. In order to solve those problems, a new quick charge method for HEV batteries is proposed, which can shorten charge time under the variable-current condition of the battery pack,andcan sustain the state of charge (SOC) of batteries within the scope between 50% and 80%.     

不同通风系统降温效果的数学模拟及试验验证

为了解不同通风系统中粮堆内温度场的变化规律,利用多功能试验仓对稻谷堆进行降温试验,采用数字式温度传感器监测粮堆温度变化,同时通过实仓数据和模拟结果进行验证。利用CFD仿真模拟重现三种通风系统通风过程中的温度变化,且利用MATLAP软件对模拟所得云图进行颜色覆盖面积统计,以此讨论三种通风系统的通风均匀性。结果表明,仓储稻谷堆机械通风过程CFD模型可以准确地反应通风过程中粮堆内部温度的分布情况;横向通风和夹底通风均匀性优于地上笼通风。     

Thermal Barrier Properties of Gradient Coating on a Ceramic Metal

In this paper,the adherence and thermal barrier properties of A12O3-based ceramic metal gradient coating with the method of oxyacetylene-flam-spray are studied. The results show that the physical and chemical compatibilities between the coating and the substrate are improved by adding Cu,Ni/Al and the gradient coating,and to relax thermal stress and interface stress in coat and at the same time to increase adherence property of coating. Besides,the gradient coating has good spalling resistance,erosion resistance to high temperature liquid iron and the effect of thermal barrier properties is remarkable.     

Researching and Developing a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

There are more than two power source in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle(HEV). By using of assist accelerating, power regeneration, Idle stop and power management, HEV gains more acceleration performance and more fuel economy and better gas emission than Conventional Vehicle(CV). With Integrated Starter and Generator(ISG) as a auxiliary power source, batteries and battery control module and power manage module as a Load leveling Device (LLD), two prototype HEV separately equipped Manual Transmission (MT) and Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) was successfully developed.     

Simulation analysis of the thermal-electric analogy calculation model of transformer winding hot-spot temperature

The winding hot-spot temperature is one of the most critical parameters that determines the power transformer overloading capability and the aging rate of the oil-paper insulation. Based on the traditional thermal theory, the paper proposes a simulation model to predict transformer winding hot spot temperature taking into account oil viscosity changes with temperature, and combined with the thermal-electric analogy method and hot spot temperature rise model recommended by IEEE. The Runge-Kutta method is used to calculate top-oil temperature and winding hot-spot temperature of the transformer, and then compare them with the measured data obtained from the 100 kVA/5 kV (ONAN) experimental transformer. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data.     

Cold Simulated Experiment of Mixed Condition in Boiler Using Gas Reburning for NOx Reduction

The principle of NO x reduction using gas reburning in boiler is analyzed. The experimental device is set up according to the principle of cold simulation. Replacing natural gas with hot air, the cold simulated experiment of mixed condition in boiler has been done. The method reflecting the mixed condition in boiler by means of surveying the uniformity of temperature is put forward on the basis of the similarity of momentum, heat and mass transfer processes. In the meantime, the temperature of different sections in furnace is measured and mean square difference of temperature field is calculated. The effect of flow rate and position of nozzle on the mixed condition in boiler is investigated.     

不同中心集风管形式对浅圆仓降温通风效果的模拟研究

在CFD数值模拟技术的基础上，对浅圆仓不同中心集风管形式下的径向通风降温数值模拟结果分析，并进行对比以评判优劣。研究的粮食种类为大豆，数值模拟了四种变径形式的中心集风管顶部，或开孔或不流通，共八种情况的通风条件下，粮堆内部温度分布和气流组织情况，将八种情况下的数值模拟结果对比，分析其通风均匀性和通风降温速率。研究发现，集风管高度与粮面平齐且上粗下细时有较为明显的优越性，通风均匀性较好。研究结果对浅圆仓仓储大豆通风降温方式的选择提供了理论依据。     

CFD Simulation of Air Distribution for Subway Island- platform

To provide gist of air distribution design for subway island-platform and appraise the blue print of air distribution design,a three-dimension model of typical island-platform was constructed.Then it got an appropriate temperature difference for the supply air to optimize the air conditioning system design for subway island-platform.The physical model was set up with standard turbulence.Based on factual heat and wet load,a boundary condition for the simulation was analyzed.The air flow of subway island-platform was simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).The Simulated temperature fields were the same as the tested temperature fields.Then the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation can simulate and forecast subway island-platform temperature fields accurately with standard model.Thus it can provide gist for air-conditional system design of subway island-platform.     

利用CFD模型研究苹果冷藏库内的空气流动

苹果冷藏库内的空气流动可调节库内环境,且气流速度对改善果实品质具有重要的作用,因此有必要研究苹果贮藏库内的空气流动特性。本研究采用CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）方法,运用大型计算流体动力学软件Fluent建立模型,以标准湍流模型对苹果冷藏库内的空气流动做三维模拟。模拟时以苹果堆码区作为多孔介质,研究库内堆码苹果时的空气流动状况,并对库内的空气流速进行试验测定和验证。结果表明,通过气流场模拟能较为直观地显示冷库内部的流场特征和流动状态,气流从风扇流出,在风机与货物堆码区形成明显的涡流;气流在货物堆码区分布较为均匀,靠近风机的货物堆码区气流速度均高于远离风机的货物堆码区气流速度。冷库流场的测量值与CFD模拟的结果进行对比,最大误差在10%以内,测量值和模拟值之间的相关系数在0.9以上,说明了CFD模拟的可靠性。该模拟结果可为商用苹果冷藏库的优化和库内环境调节提供一定的理论依据。     

早稻种子包衣肥的制备及理化性质研究

为了获得早稻种子包衣肥的制备条件,探明其理化性质,探讨了肥料用量、种子负载率、包膜剂用量、包衣方式、烘燥时间等单因素对早稻种子包衣肥制备效果的影响,用正交实验Ｌ₉(3⁴)确定了早稻种子包衣肥制备的最佳条件;并测定其pH、黏度、成膜性、成膜时间、丸衣水中裂开时间、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率等理化性质。早稻种子包衣肥的最佳制备条件为：肥料用量100 g/kg,种子负载率500 g/kg,包膜剂用量1 g/kg、包衣方式A-B,烘燥时间40 min。理化性质测定结果显示：pH为6.90,黏度为9.23 mPa/s,成膜性中等,成膜时间7.5 min,丸衣水中裂开时间6.5 min,包衣均匀度95.0%,包衣脱落率9.2%,表明制备的早稻种子包衣肥理化性质良好。     

不同仓库条件对粮食储藏损耗的影响

对３种隔热、密封条件不同的房式仓储粮时的粮温变化、杂质增量、水分减量、储藏损耗、费用投入及储粮品质变化情况进行了对比性实验。结果表明：一般房式仓的８水分减量最大，标准化房式仓的储粮性能最好，保管损耗也最小。     

搭载机电控制无级变速器混合动力汽车模式切换仿真分析

通过分析机电控制无级变速器(electrical-mechanical continuously variable transmission,EM-CVT)的结构特点,提出了搭载EM-CVT混合动力汽车的传动方案,建立了动力源数值模型、EM-CVT模型,分析了混合动力系统工作模式,并针对模式切换时的冲击问题,以减小冲击度为目标,通过分析典型工况下动力源输出转矩特性和各部件的动态特性,提出了基于发动机、ISG电机、自动离合器以及EM-CVT相互协调控制策略。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台建立混合动力传动系统动力学模型,并对典型的模式切换过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够有效控制混合动力传动系统在模式切换时产生的冲击,提高了混合动力汽车的驾驶舒适性。     

种子包衣肥理化特性研究

通过对早、晚型种子包衣肥的pH值、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率、初期溶出率、微分溶出率、养分累积释放曲线的测定,以及对衣膜结构、包衣水稻种子与未包衣的对照种子表面结构扫描电镜观察,研究了种子包衣肥的理化特性。结果表明：早、晚稻型种子包衣肥的pH值为5～6、包衣均匀度＞96%、包衣脱落率＜6.5%、养分初期溶出率＜14%、养分微分溶出率＜2%、养分累积释放曲线呈“S”型,说明种子包衣肥理化性能稳定,包衣效果与养分缓释效果良好。