二维高炉区域BFC网格生成技术及其Matlab实现

利用数学模型对高炉冶炼过程进行模拟是高炉炼铁新工艺研发的有效方法,网格生成技术是数值模拟过程中重要的前处理过程,是高炉模拟计算的先决条件。生成网格的质量对高炉模型模拟的精度、效率以及收敛性具有重要影响,因此,建立优质的网格对高炉数学模型的求解具有重要意义。文中提出了一种适用于高炉数学模型的适体坐标系(BFC)网格的生成方法,从求解区域的划分、椭圆型方程的转换、椭圆型方程的离散及BFC网格生成步骤等方面进行了研究,并把死料区的边界作为BFC网格计算的边界条件,使数学模型的求解过程得以简化。采用带有源项的泊松方程作为变换方程,网格的正交性和疏密程度便于控制。该网格生成算法原理简单、易于编程、网格生成效率高,生成的网格能够满足数学模型求解的要求。     

The developing of the potential flow modelling of the burden flow in a blast furnace

Potential flow theory is an alternative theory to simulate burden flow in a blast furnace. But a contour line of the flow function defined to solve the old potential flow model isn’t a stream line. In this paper, the old potential flow model is first developed to a three-equation model which should include the equations of motion and continuity, and it is proved that the contour lines of the flow function defined to solve this three-equation model are stream lines. Second, an equation capable of calculating the distribution of diameter of burden particles in blast furnace is derived from an assumption that all burden particles on a stream line has the same diameter. Finally, the developed potential flow model and the derived equation are used to simulate a final reduction reactor producing hot metal containing Cr, together with other needed transportation equations. These works would play an important improving and exemplary role in the application of potential flow theory to simulate blast furnace process and other iron-making process.     

Intellectual prediction of a permeability index for blast furnaces

The permeability index for blast furnaces is an important monitoring parameter in their operation. Proper trend prediction of the permeability index is important for good operation. Support vector machines (SVM) combined with wavelet analysis are adopted to build a forecasting model. Four historic values of a permeability index are analyzed by a wavelet analysis via seven levels. Based on eight wavelet analyzed values and combined with operating parameters, eight sub models are built using the least square support vector machines method. The prediction components are reconstructed to obtain a forecast. The details of modeling, validation and result analyses are presented.     

氧气高炉工艺研究进展及新炉型设计

从氧气高炉的数学模型、实验室实验以及工业试验角度系统分析了氧气高炉工艺的发展现状及趋势,同时讨论了氧气高炉炉型的设计依据。论述了氧气高炉的静态工艺模型研究需要计算合适的直接还原度和热空区温度,同时应考虑氧气高炉工况下生产率的变化、热损失的变化、风口煤粉的喷吹上限以及N₂的循环积累等问题。指出了多维动力学模型和多目标优化模型中尚需解决的问题,以及氧气高炉数学模型的主要发展方向。结合文献研究中的氧气高炉特点,从炉身高度设计、炉腹角和炉身角设计以及风口设计3方面综述了氧气高炉炉型设计的变化规律。     

Simulation research on oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process

A system simulation mathematical model on oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process is established. Provided that the material composition and the values of necessary process parameters are given, the model can predict the consumptions of raw material, fuel and flux, the quantity and composition of slag, the quantities and components of all kinds of gases, etc. At the condition of 90% stack ore metallization, the calculated results of the model show that when more circulating gas are introduced into the stack, the heat controls the total gas for the stack ore reduction, while when more circulating gas are introduced into the hearth, the reductive components control the total gas for the stack ore reduction. At normal operations with coke rate fixed, the coal consumption linearly increases with the output top gas. When the coke rate is fixed at 200 kg, the minimum value of calculated coal rate is 200 kg or so.     

氧气高炉多流体数值模拟与分析

为研究不同氧气高炉操作流程及操作参数对高炉内部过程产生的影响,预测氧气高炉流程各参数的变化规律,基于多流体理论、冶金传输原理、冶金反应动力学与热力学理论以及计算流体力学建立了普通高炉多流体模型,并在此基础上修改边界条件及内部相关参数,建立氧气高炉多流体数学模型。通过建立的模型分别对普通高炉和气化炉氧气高炉(GF-FOBF)流程中的氧气高炉进行了模拟计算,得到两种工艺流程下高炉内温度场、浓度场和速度场等典型参数的分布情况。通过对计算结果的对比,分析了氧气高炉操作条件下炉内状态的主要特征和相对于普通高炉发生的变化,发现氧气高炉内部速度场、温度场均发生变化,特别是气相组分的均匀分布问题明显。本模型可为氧气高炉流程试验及流程开发提供参考。     

Mathematical Model of Oxygen Blast Furnace with Preheating Gas Injection into Upper Shaft

An One-dimensional mathematical model,based on oxygen blast furnace with preheating gas injection into upper shaft,has been developed to describe the variation of innerdiameter of blast furnace,13 chemical reactions,the heat losses through the furnace wall,the heatexchange and pressure losses between gas phase and solid phase.The characters of oxygen blastfurnace are discussed,The simulated results indicate that the tem perature of burden in creasesthroughout the upper shaft with the incrcasement of the flow and the temperature of preheating gasinjected,and that the effect of the heating-up of burden is not so large when the com positions ofpreheatin8 gas injeetion are changed.The model is contributed to obtain a deeper understanding ofthe oxygen blast furnace process.     

A kinematic mathematical model of impulse electro flotation

After an analysis of the characteristics of impulse electro flotation wastewater treatment equipment, we discussed the factors affecting the efficiency of this technology. A simplified steel ball model was used in the construction of the free particle flotation removal model based on the kinematical theory of flocculation processes. Variation of the concentration of a free particle over time was stimulated. This mathematical model showed a significant role in the design of the flocculator parameter, and provided theoretical guidance on the choice of electric flotation parameters and the design of the electric flotation treatment equipment. The simulated results suggest that when the treatment time was between 20 and 25 minutes, the free particle removal rate could exceed 90%, a finding consistent with the experimental data.     

Modeling of the Break Simulation for Both Single and Two Phase Conditions

Based on the Moody model and complied with the modular modeling ideology and principle,a general break simulation model has been proposed for both single and two phase conditions in a thermal liquid pipe.This model now is used to develop the training simulator a power plant.     

A mathematical model on the pulverized coal blending optimization for blast furnace injection based on principal component analysis

A mathematical model of coal blending optimization for blast furnace injection is proposed. Because Chinese current blast furnaces blend pulverized coal by simple mix and traditional lab blending optimization needs plenty of work for the larger number of characteristics of pulverized coal. The new model is based on the principal component analysis indexes P1, P2 and P3 combined with the proximate analysis and elementary analysis of pulverized coal. P1, P2 and P3 are obtained from principal component analysis of the injection characteristic of pulverized coal determined by lab experiment. This model is proved to be effective on both lab experiment coal blending and actual production of BF.     

A Study Raising the Grade of Silico-titanium Ferroalloy

It is studied in this paper that the influences of various factors,such as the smelting temperature,the basicity of the slag,and the quantity of reductant on the titanium content of alloy,silicon content of alloy,TiO2 content of the remaining slag and the titanium recovery in smelting silico-itanium ferroalloy using silicoaluminium ferroalloy as reductant.With this study,the optimum techn ological parameters are obtained of raising the titanium content of alloy and re-$$$ucing the silicon content of alloy. The stable experiments in laboratory and factory using this opti-mum technological parameters are conducted.     

MgO对高铝高炉渣脱硫的影响及其动力学分析

随着廉价高铝铁矿石的不断使用,高炉炉渣内Al₂O₃含量也随之升高,这势必会影响高炉炉渣的各项冶金性能。为深入研究高铝高炉渣脱硫性能,明确MgO含量对高铝渣脱硫性能的影响,笔者通过改变高铝渣中MgO的含量,分别设定渣中MgO含量为5%、9%、13% MgO,研究不同MgO含量高炉高铝渣的脱硫性能及其脱硫动力学。结果表明：MgO含量不仅对高铝渣的黏度、脱硫能力有不同的影响,还使炉渣的脱硫速率发生了很大的改变。MgO含量越高对应的黏度越低,脱硫能力越大;但脱硫速率却表现出了不同规律,9% MgO的脱硫速率表现为最大;经过综合比较,当碱度固定为1.1、Al₂O₃含量固定为17%时,MgO含量为9%的炉渣同时具有较好的粘度和脱硫性能。     

Study on the Projects of the Daily Regulation of Jinghong Hydroelectric Station on Lancang River

The one dimension mathematical model has been adopted to study the projects of the daily regulation of hydroelectric station: the implicit format of Preissmann has been adopted to solve the equation.The program of one dimension unsteady flow has been worked out.The result of calculation of the program has been verified by the result of the physical model and the coincide well.Under 4 kinds of projects of the daily regulation of Jinghong Hydroelectric Station,the unsteady flow conditions in lower reaches of the dam with the length of about 85km have been calculated by the program.The graph has been adopted to analyze the important characteristic parameters of the unstable flow conditions of 4 kinds of projects: the range of water level per day,the range of water level per hours and the range of water level per 20 minutes.Finally,the project of the daily regulation of Jinghong Hydroelectric Station which has a smallest influence on the navigable flow conditions has been obtained.     

A study on the incineration product and reaction process of TFT liquid crystal

The incineration reaction process of TFT liquid crystal is speculated according to the weight loss character and analysis results of incineration production. It is indicated that the 90% weight is loss from 150 ℃ to 380 ℃ in the incineration process of TFT liquid crystal, which is composed of some monomer compounds. Decomposition reaction first occurs in the process of incineration process. The order of decomposition product lies on the chemical bond energy of monomer compound. The production of radical alkyl and radical aromatic in decomposition process are unstable. Radical alkyl is decompounded hydrocarbon that has much less carbon atom, such as propylene. Decomposition reaction of radical aromatic continues and defluorinate happens with temperature rise. The synthesize reaction occurs between the decomposition production. The production is admixture composed of different aromatic compounds in low temperature. PAHs and HF are observed in high incineration temperature. The mostly incineration production of TFT liquid crystal are venomousness and injurant, so it is not suitable to treat TFT liquid crystal with incineration.     

A mathematical model for the evaluation of cooperation and competition effects in intercrops

Experimental results showing cooperation–competition interactions in dual-component crops for mixtures created from Pisum sativum L. (pea), Vicia sativa L. (spring vetch) and Linum usitatisimum L. (linseed) are studied by means of a mathematical model describing the plant interactions. The model introduces parameters enabling to distinguish competition and cooperation between the species in the crop. The model parameters are established on the basis of the entire vegetation period of plants, so they provide exhaustive characteristics of the plant interactions in the mixtures. The model factors allow the estimation of the mixtures with respect to the final biomass yield as well. The experimental data verify possible economic benefits from the proposed plant mixtures and allow to critically check the beliefs that legumes improve the field productivity. Additionally, for comparison with the biomass yield, the seed yield is analyzed in the respective crops. Especially, it is indicated that the increased biomass yield for linseed in the mixture with a leguminous plant is accompanied with a decrease of the seed yield for this species. As concerns pea in the mixture with linseed, a decrease in the pea biomass was registered when compared to the sole crop but at the same time an increase in the seed yield was achieved in the mixture. No influence on the biomass of the spring vetch was noticed when it was cultivated with linseed but its seed yield appeared to be diminished with respect to the sole crop.     

Performance Analysis of the Timeslot Synchronous in the Upstream Channel for the HFC Networks

In this paper, in the light of the percolating flow mechanics problems in the field of environmental science research , the transport mechanism and law of the volatile organic pollutants in the soils and the transport model and law of the underground water multi-component reacting solute are discussed, and the gas transport and the second pollution problems in the solid waste landfill are analyzed~ Based on the research given above, the transport process and two aspects of the control mechanisms uncertainty for the volatile organic matter and the necessity to establish the coupling model of multi-component water chemistry model and waterdynamic transport model are pointed out. The result is of great theoretical importance and practical significance to the further understanding of the overlapping research problems in environmental science and percolating flow mechanics.