粉碎机锤片的研究

锤片式粉碎机,由于其结构简单,被广泛采用。它是饲料厂电耗较高的机械,一般占粉料生产总能量的2/3,占颗粒料生产总能量的1/3多。因而如何使它增效节能,是饲料机械中的重要研究课题。不少人为此付出了大量的心血,推导了不少公式,做了不少实验。锤片是粉碎机中的核心工作部件,饲料粉碎全靠它。它对粉碎机效率影响最大,因而人们对锤片也做过专题研究。     

如何用好锤片式粉碎机

粉碎机是配合饲料厂的主要设备之一，粉碎设备的好坏，关系到饲料厂的产量和成本，因此，正确选用和使用粉碎机是提高产量，降低成本，保证产品质量的主要措施，目前国内用于饲料粉碎的设备主要有：锤片式粉碎机，对辊式粉碎机，劲锤式粉碎机及特定形状锤的微粉碎机，其中狂片式粉碎机的应用最广。     

影响锤片式粉碎机工作性能的主要因素

<正>粉碎工段是饲料厂生产的关键工段之一,是饲料厂的耗能大户,该工段工作的好坏直接关系到饲料厂的质量、产量、成本。随着饲料工业的高度发展,大量的锤片式粉碎机被饲料厂选用,但在使用中出现许多问题,现在我就把影响锤片式粉碎机工作性能的主要因素简单地分析一下,以供大家参考。     

对辊式粉碎机工艺特性的试验研究

<正> 最近美国堪萨斯大学进行了用对辊式粉碎机对饲料谷物进行细粉碎究竟能否比锤片式粉碎机更有效的试验研究。研究的内容包括粉碎效率、粒度、产品均匀度和谷物温升几方面。锤片式粉碎机选用的筛孔规格为:粉碎高粱时为1/8和1/16英寸,粉碎玉米时为1/4、1/8和1/16英寸。辊筒轧距见表1,辊筒规格见表2。辊筒轧距的选用原则是力图使对辊机粉碎物的粒度比相应的锤片式粉碎机的粒度小。     

早期断奶仔猪饲料的配制与正确使用

粉碎：目前饲料厂普遍采用锤片式粉碎机粉碎玉米等谷物饲料，粉碎机筛片孔径以2．5-3Omm为宜。饲料粉碎度为20—30目。饲料颗粒过粗不利于仔猪消化吸收；过细不仅影响产量，增加电耗和加工成本，而且易诱发猪胃溃疡。     

如何选购饲料粉碎机

1根据粉碎原料选择以粉碎谷物饲料为主的,可选择顶部进料的锤片式粉碎机;以粉碎糠麸谷麦类饲料为主的,可选择爪式粉碎机;若是要求通用性好,如以粉碎谷物为主,兼顾饼谷和秸秆,可选择切向进料锤片式粉碎机;粉碎贝壳等矿物饲料,可选用贝壳无筛式粉碎机;如用作预混合饲料的前处理,要求产品粉碎的粒度很细又可根据需要进行调节的,应选用特种无筛式粉碎机等。2根据生产能力选择一般粉碎机的说明书和铭牌上,都载有粉碎机的额定生产能力(kg/h)。但应注意几点:(1)所载额定生产能力,是指特定状态下的产量,如谷物类饲料粉碎机,该状态是指粉碎原料为玉米…     

饲中料粉碎机的检修

(一)根据粉碎原料选择 以粉碎谷物饲料为主的,可选择顶部进料的锤片式粉碎机;以粉碎糠麸谷麦类饲料为主的,可选择爪式粉碎机;若是要求通用性好,如以粉碎谷物为主,兼顾饼谷和秸秆,可选择切向进料锤片式粉碎机;粉碎贝壳等矿物饲料,可选用贝壳无筛式粉碎机;如用作预混合饲料的前处理,要求产品粉碎的粒度很细又可根据需要进行调节的,应选用特种无筛式粉碎机等。     

新系列锤片式饲料粉碎机几个技术参数的选择

新系列锤片式饲料粉碎机几个技术参数的选择中国农机研究院鲁晓初，南效景，刘曼茹新系列锤片式饲料粉碎机，是按照《饲料粉碎机产品系列型谱》要求，应用粉碎机研究方面的成果，并参照有关生产厂积累的实践经验而设计的系列产品。根据其进料方向的不同，分为切向、轴向、...     

新型锤片式饲料粉碎机粉碎性能的试验研究与参数优化

为提高锤片式粉碎机筛分效率,弥补现有粉碎机生产率低、能耗高等缺点,基于泛函分析理论,对粉碎机分离装置进行优化。文章选取了以粉碎机的工作小时生产率和吨料电耗为评价指标,以筛网倾角、主轴转速、喂入量为影响因素,用玉米为原料,进行二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验研究及分析,建立各指标与因素间的回归数学模型,确定了各个因素对评价指标的影响规律和主次顺序。综合分析后得出工作小时生产率与吨料电耗的较优水平组合:筛网倾角61.78°、主轴转速2 477.5 r/min、喂入量6.42 kg。在该结构和工艺参数下,与采用原分离装置相比,工作小时生产率提高1.48%,吨料电耗降低3.38%。该研究为锤片式饲料粉碎机粉碎饲料研究和优化提供一定理论依据。     

逐级粉碎技术可有效提高饲料生产效率

<正>目前,逐级粉碎技术再一次引起了饲料生产工作者的注意。逐级粉碎技术可简单定义为分步骤或分阶段将饲料逐步粉碎的过程,这一过程通常由2台粉碎机(锤片式粉碎机、对辊式粉碎机、粉磨机或以上粉碎机的组合)组成。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.