春伐桑树不同伐条时间对产叶量的影响

试验在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,就不同伐条时间对桑叶产量的影响做了调查。结果表明,在12月底到翌年1月初伐条,可适当提高春季发芽率,显著提高春叶产量,极显著提高新梢生长量和芽条生长量、秋叶产量及a产叶量。     

桑树夏伐与秋伐对比试验初报

本文通过2年对桑树夏伐与秋伐的对比试验,就不同伐条时间桑树桑叶产量、老化、发芽率、病虫害、冬季桑树枝条总条长、每m条产叶量以及桑树的经济效益等进行了对比。试验结果表明：秋伐比夏伐桑叶产量多收32.45 kg;夏伐老化多,秋伐老化少;发芽率基本没有差异;秋伐区比夏伐区总条长多了93.3 m;秋伐比夏伐年产桑叶多540 kg。     

春伐桑树不同疏芽时间对桑叶产量的影响

试验结果表明:在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,新稍条长85%达到15-20cm疏芽,可显著提高春季芽条生长量和春叶产量,极显著提高秋季芽条生长量、秋叶产量及桑树年产叶量.     

冬伐形式对桑树的花叶病抗性及春叶产量和叶质影响的研究

对７２ 个桑树杂交组合进行两种冬伐处理,研究冬伐形式对桑树的花叶病抗性、春叶产量和叶质的影响。结果表明：不同冬伐处理对桑树的花叶病抗性、春叶产量和叶质均有极显著的影响。采用冬留长枝的冬伐形式,可使花叶病的株发病率降低５５１７ ％ ,病情指数降低７３９９ ％ ,病害对产量的综合损失率降低８６４５ ％ ;桑树的总枝条长度、单位条长叶片数、单叶重分别增加３２９６％ 、１２３３ ％ 和２３７７ ％ ,从而使春叶产量大幅提高,平均增产１３５９３ ％ ;春叶的干物含量、可溶性糖含量、总糖含量显著提高,桑叶养蚕可使全茧量、茧层量、产卵数、良卵数分别提高３８８ ％ 、４１６ ％ 、６０ ％ 和６０％ 。     

桑树冬春伐和冬春重剪梢两种剪伐方式隔年轮换的试验

桑树剪伐方式决定春、夏、秋各季产叶量比例,影响桑叶质量,从而决定全年养蚕布局,桑树冬春伐和桑树冬春重剪梢两种不同的剪伐方式可优势互补,对桑园桑树采取两种剪伐方式相结合的方法,更有利于县域蚕区推广全年多批次养蚕布局。     

桑树春伐改为夏伐的技术处理

川渝地区的桑树,多实行春伐.桑叶是蚕儿的唯一天然饲料,桑叶的优劣直接影响蚕种质量.桑树夏伐,有更新老条,促进新条生长,增产桑叶的作用.与春伐相比,夏伐桑树产叶量高,桑叶成熟早,硬化迟,并有抑制部分病虫害如桑里白粉病、桑污叶病、桑毛虫、桑螟虫、桑尺蠖、桑介壳虫等作用.如何将春伐桑树(特别是成林桑树)改造为夏伐桑树,笔者经多年实践,认为春截干的方法,效果较为理想.     

浅谈夏伐桑园的技术管理措施

桑树夏伐,能更新枝条,促进新条生长。与春伐相比,夏伐桑树产叶量高,桑树成熟早,硬化迟,并有抑制部分病虫害如桑里白粉病、桑污叶病、桑毛虫、桑螟等作用,且可提高春叶产量47.49%,年产叶量15.75%[1]。夏伐桑树的桑叶主要分布于春秋两季,而种     

桑树不同夏伐时间对秋叶产量的影响

通过不同夏伐时间对秋叶产量影响的初步试验表明:在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,采用采叶后第3天夏伐的齐拳剪伐方式,能极显著的提高桑树的芽条生长量及产叶量。     

春伐桑树改造为夏伐桑树的技术处理

桑叶是家蚕唯一的天然饲料,桑叶质量的好坏和产量的高低,直接影响养蚕成绩。桑树夏伐,能更新枝条,促进新条生长,与春伐相比,夏伐桑树产叶量高,桑叶成熟早,硬化迟,并有抑制部分病虫害如桑里白粉病、桑污叶病、桑毛虫、桑螟虫、桑尺蠖、桑蚧壳虫等作用。     

陕南蚕区桑树冬春伐与夏伐的产叶量比较与分析

桑树的不同剪伐形式对产叶量和树体的影响 ,一直是蚕业界争论的焦点问题之一。在多次对比试验的基础上 ,深入分析和探讨了陕南蚕区冬春伐和夏伐对桑树产叶量的影响 ,为正确认识此问题提供了可信的依据。     

关于“克旱寒”在桑树上使用效果的试验报告

克旱寒是一种用于作物,能提高作物产量和耐旱,寒性的新型药物。在桑树上试验,浓度０．２％的克旱寒春、秋在桑叶上各喷施２次,使秋叶片叶重增加９．７％,春、秋产叶量分别提高７．１％和８．２％,秋条增高１１．４％,对桑叶有一定的增产效果。     

夏伐桑树不同疏芽时间对秋叶产量的影响

通过不同疏芽时间对秋叶产量影响的初步试验表明:在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,新稍条长80%达到5～10 cm疏芽,能极显著提高芽条生长量及秋叶产量.     

Effects of Mulberry Leaf Meal and Fermented Mulberry Leaf Meal on Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Cecum Microflora in Huxu Chicken

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf meal and fermented mulberry leaf meal on slaughter performance,meat quality and cecum microflora of Huxu chicken at the late growth stage.Three hundred and ninety-two Lingnan Ⅲ Huxu chickens aged ninety-five days were assigned to seven dietary treatments randomly,they were control group,5%,10%,20% mulberry leaf meal groups and 5%,10%,20% fermented mulberry leaf meal groups.Every treatment had 4 replicates,14 chickens per replicates (7 males and 7 females).The pre-trial period was 4 days,and the formal experiment period was 28 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with the control group,expect the 10% mulberry leaf meal group,the semi-eviscerated percentage were significantly decreased in other experimental groups (P<0.05).Adding 10% mulberry leaf meal or 20% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal extremely significantly reduced the eviscerated percentage (P<0.01) and 10% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal reduced it significantly (P<0.05).The leg muscle percentage of chickens in 5% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal group and 20% mulberry leaf meal group reduced extremely significantly (P<0.01) and significantly (P<0.05),respectively.② Compared with the control group,the shear force of chest muscle in all experimental groups,and leg muscle in all mulberry leaf meal groups decreased,but only the shear force of chest muscle in 10% mulberry leaf meal group decreased significantly (P<0.05).Adding 20% mulberry leaf meal increased the pH_{45 min} of leg muscle significantly (P<0.05).The b^* value of leg muscle reduced in all experimental groups,and only that in the 20% mulberry leaf group reduced significantly (P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,the number of E.coli of the cecum of chickens in 5% and 10% mulberry leaf meal groups reduced extremely significantly (P<0.05),and the ratio of Lactobacillus to E.coli of cecum in all experimental groups had an increasing trend (P>0.05).All over,the content of mulberry leaf meal in Huxu chickens'diet at the late growth stage could be up to 10%,and fermented mulberry leaf meal could be up to 20%.     

桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响

试验旨在研究桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡饲养后期屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响。选用95日龄岭南黄Ⅲ号胡须鸡392只,随机分为7组,即对照组,5%、10%、20%桑叶粉组,5%、10%、20%发酵桑叶粉组。每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡（7公7母）。预试期4 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：①与对照组相比,除10%桑叶粉组外,其余各试验组鸡半净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）;10%发酵桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）,20%发酵桑叶粉及10%桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率极显著降低（P<0.01）;饲喂5%发酵桑叶粉或20%桑叶粉使胡须鸡腿肌率分别极显著或显著降低（P<0.01;P<0.05）。②与对照组相比,各试验组胸肌剪切力和桑叶粉各组腿肌剪切力值均有所下降,但只有10%桑叶粉组胸肌剪切力值显著下降（P<0.05）;20%桑叶粉组腿肌pH_{45 min}显著增加（P<0.05）;各试验组腿肌b^*值均有所降低,其中20%桑叶粉组显著降低（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,5%、10%桑叶粉组鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P<0.05）,各试验组盲肠乳酸菌与大肠杆菌比值有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,桑叶粉可在胡须鸡生长后期日粮中添加至10%,发酵桑叶粉可添加至20%。     

Study on the Optimum Extraction Process of Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharide

The experiment was conducted to study the best extract process of mulberry leaf polysaccharide,three factors and three levels orthogonal test was designed to optimize the extraction process.Three factors were considered,including ratio of solid to liquid,decoction time,the time of extracting and the yield of mulberry leaf polysaccharide was determined with phenol-sulfurie acid colorimetry as the evaluate index.Meanwhile,the influence of ethanol concentrations on mulberry leaf polysaccharide extract was studied.The results showed that decoction times could greatest affect the extraction percent of the polysaccharides.The extraction percent of polysaccharide was the highest (4.94%) when the rate of solid to liquid was 25,the time of extracting was 2 h and decoction times was 2.While the most appropriate process was 25 times for the rate of sdid to liquid,2 h for extracting and decoction times was 3,considering with practical situations.The concentration of ethanol would significantly affect polysaccharides yield and purity.When the concentration of ethanol was 70%,the yield of mulberry leaf polysaccharid was highest.When the concentration of ethanol was 40%,the content of mulberry leaf polysaccharide was highest (41.5%),significantly higher than other ethanol concentration (P < 0.05).It suggested that the higher the ethanol concentration,the lower the polysaccharide content,but the higher the yield.The optimum extraction of mulberry leaf polysaccharides were that the rate of solid to liquid was 25,extractign for 2 h,decoction 3 times and 70% ethanol precipitation.     

不同叶面肥对桑叶产量的影响

在桑园管理措施一致的前提下,用5种常用叶面肥对桑叶产量的影响进行了比对,结果表明,667 m2产叶量依次为：0.3-0.5%的磷酸二氢钾[KH2PO4]＞0.5-0.7%的尿素[CO（NH2）2]水溶液＞0.3-0.5%的硫酸铵[（NH4）2SO4]＞0.4-0.6%的硫酸钾[K2SO4]＞0.5-0.8%的过磷酸钙[Ca（H2PO4）2]。据此认为,桑园施用叶面肥应首选0.3-0.5%的磷酸二氢钾[KH2PO4]和0.5-0.7%的尿素[CO（NH2）2]水溶液。考虑到生产成本及工作之便,生产上推荐使用0.5-0.7%的尿素[CO（NH2）2]水溶液。     

桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺研究

为探究桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺,利用正交试验设计对桑叶粗多糖的提取工艺进行优化。以桑叶粗多糖得率为评价指标,以加水倍数、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为考察因素,设计3因素3水平正交试验,采用苯酚一硫酸比色法进行桑叶粗多糖含量测定,比较得出桑叶水提物的最佳制备工艺,并在此基础上考察不同浓度乙醇对桑叶粗多糖提取的影响。结果显示,煎煮次数对桑叶粗多糖提取率影响最大,当加水倍数为25倍,煎煮时间为2 h,煎煮2次时桑叶水提物中桑叶粗多糖提取率最高,为4.94%。但结合影响因素分析,最终确定桑叶水提物的最佳提取工艺为加25倍水,煎煮2 h,煎煮3次。乙醇浓度对桑叶粗多糖的含量及得率影响很大,70%乙醇醇沉所得水提物中桑叶粗多糖质量最大,40%乙醇醇沉所得桑叶粗多糖含量最高,平均含量达41.5%,显著高于其他乙醇浓度（P < 0.05）,提示乙醇浓度越高,桑叶粗多糖含量越低,但得率越高。桑叶粗多糖最佳提取工艺为：加水倍数为25倍,煎煮时间2 h,煎煮3次,采用70%乙醇醇沉。     

氮、磷、钾对春季桑叶1-脱氧野尻霉素含量和产量的影响

为了提高春季桑叶1 脱氧野尻霉素（1 deoxynojimycin,DNJ）产量,采用“3414”肥料设计方案,调查氮、磷、钾不同施肥水平对桑叶中DNJ含量的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾均对桑树（Morus alba）不同部位叶有较显著影响,随着单因素施肥量的增加,桑叶不同部位叶中DNJ含量也随之增加,在2水平（N2P2K2）时达到最大;进一步以桑叶DNJ产量为目标函数,氮、磷、钾肥的施肥水平为调控因子,模拟其之间的回归关系。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥的施肥水平及其配比均能显著影响桑叶中DNJ含量。模拟的肥料效应函数表明,桑叶中总DNJ最佳经济产量为23.23 kg·hm 2,推荐施肥指标为N 286.11 kg·hm-2、P2O5 95.22 kg·hm-2、K2O 159.62 kg·hm-2。该最佳施肥通过生产实践证实后,可为DNJ高产桑园建设提供参考。     

桑树喷施磷酸二氢钾替代春季摘芯效果试验

通过试验得出，春期桑园喷施磷酸二氢钾不仅可以提高桑叶产量和实力利用率，还可以改善桑叶叶质。较春叶摘芯起到更好的效果。本文还提出了该药剂的实用喷施方法。     

采用LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪观察桑树生长变化及测算桑叶产量

利用LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪对田间生长桑树进行生长过程观察及桑叶产量测定,结果显示:桑树收获条桑后的2个月内,当叶面积指数(LAI)<1.0时桑树的生长非常缓慢,当LAI>1.0之后,桑树的生长速度大大加快,直至LAI达到最大值6.0,LAI值越大桑园透光率(D IFN)越小,但两者不呈简单的线性关系;随着桑树的生长,叶片的倾斜角度基本保持36°~45,°绝大多数集中在42°左右。于桑园LAI不同的3个时期测算的桑叶产量与实际产量相比,误差分别为-8.6%、-8.5%和+1.5%,认为采用该分析仪测算桑叶产量具有方便、快速且无损桑树生长的特点。