北京鸭中缝脊髓束的起源和细胞构筑——HRP逆行追踪法研究

北京鸭60例,分别在其脊髓一侧的外侧索、腹侧索或灰质中引入HRP,冰冻切片,蓝色反应法显色,中性红复染.结果发现,从延髓到脑桥这一范围的中缝核群内,出现了大量的标记细胞,而在脑桥吻侧以上的中缝核内出现的标记细胞很少.研究结果表明:北京鸭存在着比较发达的中缝脊髓下行传导通路,它主要起始于中缝大核、中缝隐核和中缝苍白核,而这一通路是位于脊髓的外侧索与腹侧索.     

鸡红核和蓝斑核的细胞构筑及其5-HT神经元的分布研究

光镜下观察鸡脑内红核、蓝斑核细胞构筑及其5-羟色胺神经元分布情况,结果表明:红核没有明显的亚核划分,由大、中、小3种细胞构成;鸡脑内有蓝斑核存在,核团呈横向宽、背腹向扁的板状,位于脑桥前部的室底灰质腹外侧区,被盖背外侧核后方,主要由小型细胞构成。用免疫组织化学SP法的研究结果表明红核和蓝斑核内有5-HT阳性神经元分布,这在禽类属首次提出。     

北京鸭小脑脊髓束的起源、终止和细胞构筑——HRP法研究

采用HRP逆行追踪法,研究了北京鸭小脑脊髓束的起源、细胞构筑及终止范围。分别在脊髓的颈部、胸部和腰部注射30%～50%HRP,灌注固定,冰冻连续切片。BDHC法显色,中性红复染。在颈前部脊髓注射HRP后,对侧小脑内侧核中出现了大量的标记细胞,对侧小脑皮质的蒲金野细胞层中也发现了一些标记细胞。当沿脊髓向后注射HRP,则标记细胞依次明显减少,而蒲金野细胞层中未见到标记细胞。在C9以后的各部注入HRP,小脑各核与蒲金野细胞层中都不再出现标记细胞。结果表明,北京鸭小脑核可划分为内侧核、中间核和外侧核,小脑脊髓束主要起始于小脑对侧深部的内侧核,其下行投射范围只能抵达脊髓的颈中部;小脑皮质的少量蒲金野细胞也可直接发出投射纤维到颈段脊髓。     

禽类蓝斑和蓝斑下核至脊髓传导通路的起源与细胞结构

为了探明禽类蓝斑与蓝斑下核至脊髓传导通路的起源的细胞结构，采用ＨＲＰ微量注射法和微电泳法对北京鸭、麻鸭、鸡、鸽、鹌鹑和鹅６种主要家禽进行了逆行追踪的综合性研究。实验结果发现，在６种动物一侧脊髓的外侧索或背侧索的外侧，于颈中部、颈膨大部或腰膨大部分别引入ＨＲＰ后，各种动物的同侧蓝斑核内出现了大量的标记细胞；而双侧的蓝斑下核中出现了一些散在性的标记细胞。两核团内的标记细胞胞体呈梭形或多角形。蓝斑核内的     

家禽动眼神经核簇的细胞构筑及其5-HT神经元的分布

用Nissi染色法和免疫组化SP法研究鸡、北京鸭、鸽子的动眼神经核簇细胞构筑及5-羟色胺神经元分布情况，结果表明：北京鸭的动眼神经核簇系由动眼神经核、E—W核和前背外侧核3个部分所构成，而在鸡和家鸽仅包括动眼神经核和E—W核。他们的核团形态和细胞构筑基本相同。观察到5-HT阳性神经元在鸡、鸭和鸽子动眼神经核及鸡E—W核内的分布，而在鸭和鸽子的E—W核和鸭的前背外侧核内却未见分布。动眼神经核5-HT阳性神经元的数量较多，在各个亚核的分布均匀，胞体着色较深。     

A Morphological and Stereological Study on Cervical Segment of Spinal Cord of Quails

In this study, volume densities of white and grey matters of cervical segments of spinal cords of quail were investigated stereologically. In both sexes, mature, six quails were used as material of this study. All animals were fixed by perfusing in 10% buffered formalin. Tissue specimens were obtained from cervical spinal cords. These tissue specimens were cut every fiftieth section at 5 μm thickness by a microtome. And mean six or seven sections were examined from every block by this method at microscope. After that, these sections were stained by haematoxylin eosin and photographed. Densities of volumes of all tissues of cervical segments of whole spinal cords and white and grey matters were calculated with principle of Cavalieri. As a result, total volume of spinal cord, volumes of white and grey matters of cervical segment and volume rates of white and grey matters were calculated.     

鸡中脑中央灰质的光、电镜结构研究

采用尼氏小体染色、髓鞘染色、高尔基技术和透射电镜观察等多种方法,对30只成龄母鸡的中脑中央灰质结构进行了较详细的研究。结果表明:鸡的中脑中央灰质仅位于三角形导水管的两侧,由形状、大小及染色深度不一的小神经元按非均一分布方式组成。神经元可分为卵圆形、梭形、三角形及四边形四种类型。从中脑导水管壁向外侧推移,中脑中央灰质神经元的密度、大小、染色深度、神经纤维的直径和有髓化程度均逐渐增加,无内、外侧亚核的区分。神经元胞体的核质比值很高,神经网主要由无髓神经纤维和树突组成。有轴—树、轴—轴、树—树和轴—体四种突触类型。突触小泡包括清亮圆形小泡、扁平小泡及腰粒性小泡三种。同时还发现有突触小球、轴—轴—树、树—轴—树、轴—树—轴等突触串及神经元胞体间的直接连接。     

神经肽Y免疫反应神经元在鸽小脑中的定位--SABC 法研究

采用石蜡切片和免疫组化SABC法（链霉亲合素-生物素-过氧化物酶连结法），对10只肉鸽小脑内神经肽Y免疫反应神经元的分布状况进行了研究．并与北京鸭、鸟鸡、肉鸡及大鼠的相关结果进行了比较。在光镜下观察分析了阳性神经元的分布状况．并用图像分析软件进行了半定量分析。结果显示：（1）小脑内神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y，NPY）阳性神经元主要存在于小脑皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞层，且以小叶顶端的蒲肯野氏细胞阳性明显；（2）小脑白质中央核可见到少量阳性神经元．不同于鸟鸡、肉鸡及大鼠；（3）分子层、颗粒层未见阳性反应细胞。表明：鸽小脑NPY阳性神经元的分布在皮质中与鸡、大鼠大体相似；在白质中与鸡、大鼠有差异。     

北京鸭中脑室周灰质内神经核团的形态与细胞构筑

利用 1 0只北京鸭脑制成的连续切片 ,经 Nissl法染色 ,光镜观察分布于中脑室周灰质内的动眼神经核簇、滑车神经核、滑车神经副核及被盖背外侧核的形态及细胞构筑。结果表明 ,( 1 )北京鸭的动眼神经核簇由动眼神经核、E-W核及前背外侧核组成 ,前背外侧核由淡染的中、小型细胞构成 ;( 2 )滑车神经副核位于滑车神经核中段的外侧 ,核团较小 ,由密集排列、深染的中型细胞构成 ;( 3 )北京鸭存在被盖背外侧核 ,核团由散在分布、染色较深的中等大小细胞构成 ,位于第 3、4对脑神经核的外侧 ;( 4)北京鸭的动眼神经核、E-W核、滑车神经核与其他禽类的相似 ;( 5)北京鸭存在滑车下器     

Ultrastructural studies on the pancreatic acini in duck (Anas boscas) and pigeon (Columba livia)

The aim of this research work was to study the histological structure of the pancreatic acini by transmission electron microscope in two avian species, duck and pigeon. The specimens were collected and processed for electron microscopic study. The results showed that the acini of the two avian species were two types; the first one was an electron dense and the second one an electron lucent. The light acinar cells were larger in size than the dark cells. These cells contained centrally located ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant euchromatin. The cytoplasm was electron lucent, with many rough endoplasmic reticulum, polymorphic mitochondria. Numerous zymogen granules were distributed in the basal part and around the nucleus, so these cells considered active cells. The dark acinar cells were characterized by an electron dense cytoplasm. The most prominent cell organelle in these cells were the zymogen granules that appeared in different sizes while other organelles as mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum were inconspicuous or few, so these cells were considered as inactive cells. The nucleus with indented nuclear membrane located centrally with prominent nucleoli and abundant heterochromatin. Prominent intercellular spaces between the individual acinar cells, as well as well-developed basement membrane separating the electron dense cells and the lumen contained the secretion between acinar cells. It could be concluded that the acinar cells in ducks and pigeons were divided into two types, that is, light and dark acinar cells which mainly attributed to the activity of these cells.     

犬消化道与泌尿道X线造影方法探讨

为探索在宠物临床开展消化道及泌尿道造影检查的方法 ,促进 X线造影技术在宠物临床上的应用 ,分别采用硫酸钡和复方泛影葡胺对 4只本地犬进行了消化道及泌尿道 X线造影检查。实验结果显示 ,经胃管给犬投服硫酸钡浆进行造影 ,容易获得良好的消化道 X线影像 ;静脉尿路造影因造影剂在不同个体犬尿路显示时间不同 ,最佳摄片时间不易把握 ;对犬膀胱及尿道逆行注入 1 0 %复方泛影葡胺 ,容易获取膀胱及尿道的清晰影像 ,而尿道空气造影影像不甚理想     

家禽雌性生殖道对属间异种精子运行和存活时间影响的研究

鸡和鹌鹑形态上有很大差异 ,且鹌鹑精液在体外的存活时时间很短 ,大约 (12± 4 )min。为了深入地研究鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交 ,研究通过鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交和鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交人工授精试验 ,对输入精液后每隔 1,4 ,7,9h解剖母禽观察其生殖道结构、电导率及其内分泌的酸碱度。结果表明 :鸡和鹌鹑生殖道分泌物 pH值、电导、长度都有很大差异。通过显微观察 ,鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交及鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交后 ,其精子在体内的存活时间长于 1h ,鹌鹑精液大大长于在体外的存活时间 ,精子能在 1h后到达漏斗部。