甘肃省酒泉市O型和亚洲I型口蹄疫免疫效果检测报告

甘肃省酒泉市春季防疫工作从 2005年2月底开始,总共调运O型 口蹄疫疫苗453．5万mL,亚洲Ⅰ型 口蹄疫疫苗281．5万mL,对全市42 万头牛,280万只羊和30万头猪进 行免疫接种。为及时监测免疫效果,     

偶蹄动物免疫口蹄疫O型亚洲Ⅰ型二价疫苗后O型和亚洲Ⅰ型免疫抗体监测结果差异的原因分析

偶蹄动物免疫口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗,监测口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型免疫抗体滴度和合格率出现的差异,使兽医监测部门难以出具监测报告,镇动监所无法加强免疫,养殖户对疫苗质量和监测方法提出质疑。面对使用口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型二价疫苗带来的矛盾和困扰,笔者通过对试验数据的统计和免疫抗体监测结果的分析后发现,不同的偶蹄动物免疫相同的口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗后,由于检测方法不同、检测的血清型不同,导致O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率高于亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率平均值3.8%。同时将O型正向间接血凝(HA)与液相阻断(LB-ELISA)进行比较,在414份亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测结果小于农业部标准的样品中,O型口蹄疫免疫抗体大于或等于农业部标准有256份样品,相差61.8%。     

口蹄疫病毒亚洲I型灭活疫苗（JSL株）免疫效果与安全性试验

针对牛羊亚洲I型口蹄疫灭活苗免疫效果与安全性，在重庆市武隆县开展了该疫苗的有关试验。抽检的20份牛血清样品中，亚洲I型口蹄疫抗体阳性20份，阴性0份，抗体阳性率达100％；抽检的20份羊血清样品中，亚洲I型口蹄疫抗体阳性18份，阴性2份，抗体阳性率90％。血清抗体阳性率是反应疫苗免疫后群体抗体状态的一个重要数据，群体血清抗体阳性率越高，维持时间越长，说明疫苗免疫效果越好，本次试验结果就说明该疫苗免疫效果好，值得推广。     

奶牛口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗免疫效果对比试验

为了解兰州地区奶牛口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗的免疫效果,科学评价免疫质量以及合理制定口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序,本研究应用液相阻断ELISA和O型正向间接血凝检测方法分别对目前兰州地区使用的4种口蹄疫二价灭活疫苗的免疫效果进行了对比。结果表明,兰州地区使用的4种口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗的O型和亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫保护性抗体诱导能力参差不齐,其中以B公司O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗的抗体诱导能力最强,其他3个公司的疫苗则相对较差。     

牦牛口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型免疫抗体检测

用口蹄疫O型和亚洲Ⅰ型双价疫苗对牦牛进行免疫,于免疫后1个月,分别用口蹄疫O型和亚洲Ⅰ液相阻断ELISA型试剂盒进行免疫抗体检测.结果牦牛在免疫后1个月,口蹄疫亚洲Ⅰ型抗体和O型抗体水平≥1:128的占99%,保护率分别为85.0%和77.5%,说明免疫效果较理想.     

口蹄疫O-A-Asia Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗免疫效力和最小免疫剂量的研究

为确定口蹄疫O-A-AsiaⅠ型三价灭活疫苗的安全性和免疫效果，按OIE口蹄疫疫苗效检标准和我国口蹄疫灭活疫苗质量标准，对实验室条件下制备的4批疫苗进行了安全性试验、免疫效力试验、免疫持续期试验、疫苗保存期试验和最小免疫剂量试验。结果显示，4批疫苗均对靶动物和实验动物安全，无任何毒副反应；对O、A、AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫的平均免疫效力分别为4．73、6．84和8．10PD50／头份；一次接种的有效免疫期达6个月；2～8℃下的疫苗保存期为12个月；适宜的免疫剂量为，6月龄以上牛每头3．0mL，6月龄以下牛每头1．5mL。该疫苗对接种动物安全，免疫效果良好，一次接种可同时预防O、A、AsiaⅠ型3个血清型的口蹄疫。     

O型亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫单苗和二联苗免疫效果观察

O型口蹄疫的免疫已经有了成功的经验，但亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫是新传人我国的一种急性、烈性传染病，对其抗体变化规律不了解，不能合理制定免疫程序和选择疫苗。为比较O型、亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫单苗和二联苗的免疫效果，合理制定免疫程序和选择疫苗。我单位选择健康奶牛分组免疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫单苗和二联苗，连续监测抗体效价变化。     

西藏牦牛O型、AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体效价分析

为调查口蹄疫疫苗对西藏牦牛的免疫保护情况,应用口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA方法对随机选取的西藏五区一市844头牦牛的血清进行O型、AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫抗体水平检测。结果显示,西藏地区牦牛口蹄疫O型、AsiaⅠ型疫苗抗体具有50%以上保护力的比例分别为83.44%、71%,口蹄疫疫苗免疫状况良好,但西藏同一地区不同县、市的牦牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫情况存在较大差异。     

牛口蹄疫O型-亚Ⅰ型双价灭活疫苗、A型灭活疫苗和牛口蹄疫三价灭活疫苗免疫效果对比试验

为考察现用奶牛口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型-A型三价灭活疫苗、奶牛口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗及口蹄疫A型灭活疫苗的免疫效果,选取2组未免疫犊牛,分别进行双价苗＋A型苗与三价苗的免疫接种,并采用LB-ELISA方法检测口蹄疫O型、A型免疫抗体效价.结果表明：接种21 d后,两种免疫方法免疫效果不存在显著性差异,犊牛血清O型、A型抗体平均效价≥9.9 log2,60份抗体效价≥1∶64,免疫合格率均为100％.     

陈旗巴镇地区牛两次免疫亚洲1型口蹄疫疫苗效果检测报告

口蹄疫是偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。以传播迅速、感染率高为特点,国际动物卫生组织将其列为18个A类传染病之首。为及时监测免疫效果,确保牲畜安全,在陈旗巴镇地区9800头牛免疫口蹄疫疫苗1个月后,3月末我站对镇区6个居委的牛抽样采血100份,进行亚洲1型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体监测。检测结果显示巴镇地区牛使用口蹄疫O型-亚洲1型二价灭活疫苗一个月后免疫抗体合格率仅为57%。鉴于巴镇地区牛口蹄疫免疫抗体较低,4月份对镇区牛进行口蹄疫亚1单价疫苗免疫注射。5月份再次对镇区6个居委会牛抽样采血120份,进行亚洲1型口蹄疫疫苗免…     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。