唐菖蒲栽培技术研究

唐菖蒲亦名十样锦、菖兰、剑兰及十三太保,属鸢尾科唐菖蒲属(Cladiolus hortulans),是世界上最主要的切花植物,现有品种达一万种以上.近年来,随着我国改革开放的不断深入,经济与文化的不断提高,人们对环境美的要求档次也越来越高,唐菖蒲切花的需求量也越来越大.为满足广大生产者的需要,根据我们多年的研究实践,对唐菖蒲的栽培技术进行总结,供生产者参考.     

气温,光照条件对夏菊花品种花序芽发育的影响

夏菊花品种完成低温诱导后的进一步发育要求短日照条件；发育速度（以到成蕾、开花所需的天数表示）与气温呈负相关关系（相关系数分别为－０．９７和－０．９６），低光照强度不能逆转已分化的花序芽，但能延缓发育的速度和使顶花序芽下部各级侧芽发育成为营养簇生枝。     

唐菖蒲授粉生物学特性的研究

通过对唐菖蒲四个品种的花粉发芽力、花粉生活力、花粉畸形率、授粉时间、不同花朵授粉结实率的研究,得出唐菖蒲花粉在发芽率、生活力、畸形率上存在相关性,但花粉发芽率与花粉生活力间正相关不显著,发芽率与畸形率间负相关也不显著。最佳授粉时间是11:00~12:00,最佳位置在第3朵。     

拟南芥和十字花科蔬菜花序发育调控机制研究进展

十字花科植物花序发育受内源因子和外界环境等多种因素调控,其中开花基因和植物激素起着至关重要的作用,最近发现糖也是该调控网络的核心因子。综述了拟南芥和十字花科蔬菜中开花基因、激素和糖等内源因子调控花序发育的分子机制,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为十字花科蔬菜花序发育调控及分子育种提供借鉴。     

唐菖蒲不同品种生理特性及栽培适应性的研究

１９９３～１９９７年研究表明,在贵阳地区,适应性较强的唐菖蒲浅色花品种的休眠球茎、发芽种球、幼苗期球茎及幼苗根的超氧化物歧化酶活性高于适应性较弱的深色花品种,而深色花品种的开花期母球、新球、新根、茎、叶、花药的蛋白质含量以及上部叶片的光饱和点、净光合速率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率高于浅色花品种,花瓣的蛋白质含量低于浅色花品种。由此推测,唐菖蒲不同品种的栽培适应性差异与以上生理生化性状差异有关。     

唐菖蒲体细胞胚起源、发育的形态与组织细胞学观察

 以唐菖蒲‘Advanced Red’品种的籽球为试验材料,将籽球切片放在MS + 6.0 mg · L^-1 TDZ培养基上暗培养21 d,诱导胚性愈伤组织;将胚性愈伤组织转入MS + 1 mg · L^-1 2,4-D培养基中暗培养28 d诱导体细胞胚。使用立体显微镜和石蜡切片技术对体胚形态与细胞组织进行观察。结果表明：体胚诱导14 d后,开始出现一些胚性细胞,之后形成多个细胞组成的原胚（pre-embryonic cell complexes）,原胚进而发育形成球形、盾形,心形、鱼雷形胚和子叶期胚。将成熟的体胚转入MS培养基后长出不定根和不定芽,形成完整的植株。唐菖蒲体胚的起源有外起源和内起源两种方式。在初生体胚发育过程中还伴有次生胚的形成。     

唐菖蒲,月季,菊花,香石竹的光合特性和叶表特征研究

唐菖蒲、月季、菊花、香石竹适应于光照较强的环境,光饱和点均较高,香石竹为４．８０万ｌｘ,唐菖蒲和月季均为４．５０万ｌｘ,菊花为４．２５万ｌｘ。但它们的光补偿点并不高,唐菖蒲、月季、香石竹均约为１０００ｌｘ,菊花约为５００ｌｘ。净光合速率（Ｐｎ）高低顺序为唐菖蒲＞菊花＞香石竹＞月季。光呼吸速率（Ｐｒ）、暗呼吸速率（Ｄｒ）与Ｐｎ相互间呈正相关。唐菖蒲叶片两面气孔密度相同,菊花叶片下表面气孔多于上表面,香石竹叶片下表面气孔少于上表面,月季叶片下表面有气孔而上表面无气孔。气孔密度大小顺序为唐菖蒲＞香石竹＞菊花＞月季。气孔的大小与气孔密度呈负相关。     

唐菖蒲组培脱毒技术研究

 在MS培养基上，附加5 mg/L病毒唑培养唐菖蒲，再经38~40 ℃热处理，切取微茎尖两次，去除了危害唐菖蒲的3种主要病毒TMV、CMV和TVY。以MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg／L+KT l mg/L为继代培养基，1/2MS无激素培养基为成球培养基，进行快繁获得了脱毒种球，移植后，植株生长发育状况得到明显改善。     

唐菖蒲新品种‘橙红娇’

 唐菖蒲新品种‘橙红娇’系由自然杂交群体中选育而成。播种至开花需80~90 d, 每花茎着生小花15~19朵, 花冠直径10. 7 cm, 花瓣橙红色, 抗病性强, 繁殖系数高。     

Development of ISSR- and RAPD-derived SCAR markers for identification of Gladiolus germplasm

Gladiolus is an economically important ornamental crop, cultivated for its beautiful flowers throughout the world. The correct genotype identification of plant material is very significant for the floriculture industry. The aim of this study was to develop sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers from RAPD and ISSR fragments for identification and authentication of Gladiolus germplasm. The SCAR markers developed could be easily employed as valuable tools to identify newly developed Gladiolus cultivars. The SCAR markers, viz. ScG12, ScG34, and ScG36, are specific to the DNA from all 62 Gladiolus cultivars, as they did not amplify the DNA of other taxa of the family Iridaceae, including Iris, Amaryllis, and Narcissus. All three SCAR markers distinguished Gladiolus from other taxa of the family Iridaceae, whereas marker ScAm was specific to the ‘Amethyst’ cultivar. Our results confirmed that this particular SCAR marker distinguished the ‘Amethyst’ cultivar from the other 62 Gladiolus cultivars investigated in the present study. This development of SCAR markers based on RAPD and ISSR markers seems to be the maiden attempt for Gladiolus cultivars.     

唐菖蒲不同品种杂交F1代性状初步观察

通过对大田以及温室栽培唐菖蒲品种进行杂交育种试验,共选用7个亲本配置1个自交系和6个杂交系,对其F1代的性状表现进行初步观察。结果发现,母本为深色系的品种性状表现较好,其中303x301组合和201×301组合的籽球性状表现较突出。在杂交组合内呈现主要性状的优良单株有（以A．G分别代表7组杂交组合）A3、B1、c1、D3、E2、F2和G1这7株是本次试验发现呈现出良好的表现型的杂交种。     

唐菖蒲种球种植期对匍匐茎和子球生长发育的影响

 研究了唐菖蒲栽培品种‘Traderhorn’和‘Advanced Red’露地栽培条件下, 不同种植期匍匐茎和子球的生长发育规律。结果表明: 匍匐茎由新球基部鞘叶叶腋间的腋芽发育而来, 在植株4～6 叶期花序抽出前形成, 新球中部茎节匍匐茎生长最佳; 种植90～110 d 后匍匐茎顶端膨大形成子球。5 月底种植有利于子球数量和质量的增加。     

不同磷素施用水平对唐菖蒲子球生长的影响

通过研究不同磷素施用水平对唐菖蒲子球生长的影响,以确定有利于唐菖蒲子球生长的最佳磷素施用浓度。结果表明:磷素施用量极大地影响了唐菖蒲子球的生长和质量,磷素(NaH2PO4.2H2O)最佳施用浓度为0.481mol/L。当磷素施用过低(0.160mol/L)和过高(0.801mol/L)对唐菖蒲子球的生长不利。     

文心兰的茎尖及花梗组织培养和快速繁殖

文心兰茎尖和花梗用N6＋6－BA2.0mg/L培养基,花梗分化芽,茎尖同时分化芽和原球茎。6－BA低浓度促进分化芽,高浓度促进分化原球茎。1／2N6 6-BA0.2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 香蕉汁100g/L培养基对继代增殖和壮苗生根效率均好。在此继代增殖培养基中接入原球茎则增殖生成近等量的原球茎和芽;接入芽则增殖大量的芽,产生少量的原球茎。香蕉汗有促进增殖和壮苗的作用。     

唐菖蒲花粉形态数量分类初探

运用SAS8.0软件对唐菖蒲花粉形态性状进行主成分分析及数量分类表明,前三个主成分:极轴长、赤道轴长和P/E贡献率达93.28%.唐菖蒲76个花粉形态性状的聚类分析结果与传统分类基本一致.     

唐菖蒲常见品种数量分类初探

运用SAS8．0软件对唐菖蒲形态性状进行主成分分析及数量分类表明：前4个主成分为花色、叶色、苞片颜色和外花被内侧主色，贡献率达91．35％；唐菖蒲76个形态性状的数量分类与传统分类中花色分类基本一致。     

Inflorescence architecture of olive

The influence of flower position on the inflorescence on opening day, gender, and petal persistence was studied in three olive cultivars: Manzanillo, Mission, and Frantoio. In each cultivar, 45 inflorescences were checked every morning from flower opening to petal fall. Perfect flowers opened mainly in the beginning of the flower opening period, and staminate flowers opened later. Flower position on the inflorescence had a highly significant effect on the opening day in all cultivars. Terminal flowers and the flowers located on the primary branches opened earlier than the flowers located on the secondary branches. Flower position had also a highly significant effect on gender in Manzanillo and Mission. In Manzanillo, the secondary branches had fewer perfect flowers than the primary branches. In Mission, the secondary branches had no perfect flowers at all. Among the primary branches, the branch arising immediately next to the terminal flower had the latest flowers to open and the lowest percent of perfect flowers. In Manzanillo, perfect flowers had significantly longer petal persistence than staminate flowers. To study flower competition within the inflorescence, the distal half of 120 inflorescences, on which the flowers tend to be perfect, in three trees of Manzanillo were removed about 1 month before full bloom. There was a highly significant effect on the percent of perfect flowers that opened on the proximal half. Flower competition may be a reason for pistil abortion in flowers located on secondary branches.