鱼肉与大豆蛋白复合挤压组织化特性研究

以鱼肉、大豆蛋白为主要原料,通过双螺杆挤压技术将其内部结构进行重新组合。在确定原料比例的基础上,依次研究了物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速及机筒的四区温度对产品组织化程度的影响,并采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验对这些变量进行了分析,得出最佳挤压条件为:物料含水率30%、进料速度35 r/min、螺杆转速175 r/min、挤压机五区温度90℃→100℃→110℃→145℃→110℃时,在这种条件下挤出物的组织化程度可达到2.12。     

大豆蛋白挤压组织化过程中生物大分子之间的相互作用

组织化大豆蛋白是现代大豆蛋白工业的重要组成部分,可作为功能助剂或营养强化剂用于乳化肉制品、面制品、乳制品以及仿肉制品的开发。本文概述了大豆蛋白挤压组织化过程中蛋白质、多糖、油脂等生物大分子之间的相互作用。为揭示大豆蛋白挤压组织化机理和大豆组织蛋白的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

蛋白改性技术在大豆蛋白基木材胶粘剂制备中的应用

在建设环境友好型和资源节约型社会的今天,三醛胶面临的问题日益严峻,开发新型环保、绿色胶粘剂已成为趋势。而通过改性技术制备的大豆蛋白基木材胶粘剂具有很好的应用前景。本文综述了胶粘剂制备中大豆蛋白改性的原理及各种改性技术的研究现状,并分析了目前研究中存在的问题和今后的研究重点。     

高湿挤压技术生产组织化大豆蛋白工艺的优化研究

以感官评价为指标,通过响应面实验优化高水分组织化大豆蛋白挤压工艺条件,确定物料水分含量为55%,机筒温度为150℃,螺杆转速为208 r/min,大豆分离蛋白加入量34%条件下挤出物的感官评价最好,形成质地均匀一致,富有弹性和韧性,色泽光亮的产品,纵向撕开后可以观察到明显的纤维结构.     

离子交换法制备低植酸含量大豆蛋白的研究

大豆食品中的植酸会阻碍多种矿物离子及蛋白的吸收,为了提高大豆蛋白的营养吸收性,加工中应去除植酸。本文研究了离子交换法脱除大豆分离蛋白中植酸的方法和效果,并进一步考察了处理后大豆蛋白的理化性质。结果表明:透析、超滤与离子交换法进行比较,阴离子交换后植酸含量下降77%,较优于其他方法。后采用离子交换法去除大豆蛋白中的植酸,对不同树脂、不同蛋白状态及酸碱度对植酸的去除效果进行比较,以确定植酸去除的最优方案。与其他树脂相比,D201树脂对植酸的吸附率达到12 mg·m L-1,在p H7.0的条件下可将植酸含量降低到1 mg·g-1,下降约90%。制备的低植酸含量的大豆蛋白等电点向右偏移,溶解性略有下降,分散速度有所提高。     

茶多酚对冷藏鱼糜保鲜作用的研究

为探讨茶叶提取物茶多酚在鱼产品中的保鲜作用,试验将茶多酚与其它抗氧化剂混合应用于冷藏鱼糜中,结果表明：茶多酚对冷藏鱼糜中水分含量的减少有一定的抑制作用,能延缓凝胶强度的降低,可以降低鱼糜的TVB-N值;在与其他抗氧化剂的混合应用中,Vc有增效作用,而柠檬酸效果不明显;添加茶多酚的鱼糜保鲜效果明显优于没有添加茶多酚的鱼糜。     

木材工业用大豆蛋白胶粘剂研究与应用现状

随着木材工业持续快速发展和化石资源的日益枯竭,寻找绿色环保、可再生的木材用胶粘剂已经成木材工业面临的重大课题。从大豆蛋白胶粘剂的产生、发展,大豆蛋白的结构、特性、耐水改性机理、改性方法等几个方面,综述了近年来木材用大豆蛋白胶粘剂的研究进展和发展趋势。     

大豆蛋白调节血脂的机理研究

随着对大豆制品的健康作用的认识,西方国家对大豆消耗不断增加.流行病学调查、人群营养干预试验和动物试验都表明大豆蛋白可降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆同醇、甘油三酯浓度和肝细胞胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度,该文综述了大豆蛋白调理血脂的可能机制.     

大豆蛋白乳液胶粘剂改性的研究

由于以石化原料合成的胶粘剂在生产和使用过程中会对环境带来不良影响,近年来采用可再生资源,如大豆蛋白合成环保胶粘剂已成为趋势.以尿素和亚硫酸钠改性大豆蛋白,与醋酸乙烯酯等复合单体在过硫酸铵引发下进行接枝共聚,合成了醋酸乙烯醣一大豆蛋白接枝共聚乳液胶粘剂.并通过金属盐、聚合物树脂、异氰酸酯、偶联剂与乳液共混改性的方法,研究了不同改性剂对乳液胶粘剂性能的影响.结果表明:采用金属盐改性制备的乳液胶粘剂具有良好的综合性能;异氰酸酯则应溶解于适当溶剂或使用其加成产物,以延长胶粘剂的适用期.     

壳聚糖对大豆蛋白发酵液的絮凝研究

对用壳聚糖絮凝大豆蛋白发酵液进行研究,讨论pH值、絮凝剂浓度、温度和搅拌时间对絮凝效果的影响,结果是壳聚糖用量200 mg/L、pH值为4、搅拌12 min、温度30℃时效果最好.     

大豆蛋白源替代鱼粉蛋白对鱼类生长、消化及肠道组织的影响

随着集约化水产养殖业的发展,鱼粉资源短缺,寻求鱼粉蛋白源替代品已成为国际性研究课题。大豆蛋白源是水产饲料应用最多的植物蛋白源之一,主要包括豆粕、去皮豆粕,膨化豆粕,发酵豆粕,全脂豆粉,膨化豆粉,大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白等。但大豆蛋白中含有抗营养因子(antinutritional factor),在饲料中过量添加,对鱼类健康具有一定的影响。本文在查阅国内外相关文献报道的基础上,概述了大豆蛋白源替代鱼粉蛋白对鱼类生长、消化酶活力、非特异性免疫功能及肠道组织的影响,为合理开发利用大豆蛋白源,节约鱼粉蛋白,优化鱼类饲料配方,降低饲料成本提供理论依据。     

超声波改性大豆蛋白研究进展

大豆蛋白资源丰富,具有良好的营养功能和独特的加工特性,是优质的植物蛋白资源之一。但大豆蛋白天然的功能特性不能够满足实际应用,因此需要对其改性。本文简要介绍了大豆蛋白的组成、功能特性及其改性现状,主要综述了超声波改性对大豆蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性、凝胶性等功能特性的影响,并简单介绍了大豆蛋白经超声波改性后的应用现状,为深入了解超声波改性大豆蛋白作用机理、拓宽改性大豆蛋白的应用范围提供参考。     

植物DELLA蛋白的功能及其在大豆中的研究

DELLA属于GRAS核转录调节因子家族,负向调节GA信号途径,并抑制植物生长发育.GA与其受体结合后,与DELLA蛋白发生互作,并通过26S蛋白酶体将DELLA降解,从而解除DELLA对植物发育的抑制作用.DELLA通过与不同的转录因子互作,调控下游基因的表达.文章综述了DELLA蛋白在GA信号传导中作用的分子机理和...     

大豆蛋白质和油分含量遗传研究进展

蛋白质和油分含量是大豆2个重要品质性状,其遗传研究对大豆品质改良尤为重要。该文从表型遗传分离规律、基因遗传模型、基因作用方式、遗传相关、遗传力及QTL定位等方面,概括了大豆蛋白质、油分含量的遗传研究进展。并提出利用野生大豆资源研究大豆蛋白质和油分含量遗传机理,为大豆品质改良提供理论参考。     

开槽捏合块混炼元件在豆粕挤压加工中的应用及其流场研究

为了提高豆粕加工双螺杆挤出机的混合性能,采用ANSYS-CFX对带有开槽捏合块混炼元件的双螺杆挤出机流道进行三维流场分析,比较豆粨在开槽捏合块及普通捏合块挤出过程中的运动规律。包含速度场、压力场、加权平均剪切速率,以及挤出机流场的对比分析。结果表明:开槽捏合块元件相比于常规捏合块能够显著增强对豆粨的剪切速率,使剪切速率提高1.4倍,能够使轴向建压能力增强,在凹槽处形成背压区,增加豆粨在开槽处的运动时间,提高双螺杆挤出机的分散混合性能。     

大豆致敏蛋白及其清除方法的研究进展

大豆含有丰富的蛋白质和平衡的氨基酸组分,是人和畜禽优质的植物蛋白源.然而,近年来,大豆中含有的抗原蛋白导致人和动物过敏反应的问题越来越受到关注,大豆致敏蛋白的相关研究成为大豆蛋白研究与应用的新热点.该文综述了大豆致敏蛋白的种类、特征,对有效加工、灭活大豆致敏蛋白的方法进行了归纳,着重介绍了传统育种方法结合基因工程手段在...     

Preparation,Characterization and Properties of High-salt-tolerance Sodium Alginate/Krill Protein Composite Fibers

Sodium alginate (SA) and krill protein (AKP) were blended to obtain composite solution, and functional SA/AKP composite fibers were prepared via wet spinning. To further improve the salt tolerance, SA/AKP composite fibers were modified with copper sulfate aqueous solution as secondary coagulation bath because of the strong adsorption to copper ions. The CSA/AKP composite fibers with high salt tolerance have been successfully prepared. The intermolecular interaction of SA/AKP composite system and the two-order structure of protein in the composite system were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Besides, the crystallinity, morphology, mechanical properties, salt tolerance and water resistance and thermal stability of SA/AKP composites were investigated respectively. The results showed that the adsorption rate and the adsorption capacity of the composite solution to copper ion were significantly higher than those to calcium ion. Under the effect of secondary solidification by copper sulfate, the β-sheet chain of the composite fibers increased from 41.48 % to 49.21 %, the intramolecular hydrogen bond increased from 38.18 % to 44.26 %, the intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased from 59.84 % to 54.70 % and free hydroxyl slightly decreased. The water resistance of the modified composite fibers was improved by about 22 %; when the swelling time was 25 min, the salt resistance increased by about 150 %; the number of grooves on the surface of the composite fibers obviously increased, and the grooves on the surface of CSA/AKP composite fibers and the fiber section structure were much denser; Meanwhile, copper sulfate had some influence on the crystallization, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite fibers.     

Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%–25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.     

Sulfur Metabolism and Protein Quality of Soybean

Abstract

Soybean is an important source of protein in livestock production, and is of growing importance for human consumption. As a sole dietary protein source, soybean seed protein is deficient in the amino acids methionine, cysteine, and threonine. Increasing the amount of methionine in the amino acid profile of soybean meal would enhance its value for producers and consumers. Methionine contains S, and so its production is necessarily linked to sulfur metabolism within the soybean plant. Sulfur is taken up from the soil in the form of sulfate. During vegetative growth, developing leaves appear to be the predominate site of sulfate reduction and incorporation of reduced S into amino acids. During reproductive growth, developing pods and seeds seem to be the predominate location of sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction and methionine synthesis are complex and highly regulated processes. Synthesis of storage proteins within the developing seed is sensitive to the amount of methionine present such that provision of extra methionine blocks synthesis of poor quality storage proteins. Sulfur deficiency on the other hand dramatically enhances accrual of poor quality seed storage proteins. It appears that the plant manufacturers higher qualty storage proteins as long as methionine is present in adequate quanitities relative to the non-S-amino acids. Accumulation of poor-quality seed storage proteins thus appears to be a function, at least to some degree, of rate of methionine synthesis within the seed. Efforts to enhance soybean seed protein quality may require enhanced rates of methionine synthesis within the seed to be successful.