豆粕粉制备胶合板用生物质胶黏剂的研究

采用氢氧化钠和乙醇改性剂处理豆粕粉(SBM),用硫脲作交联剂,选用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)表面活性剂制备出具有较好耐水性能的木材用胶黏剂。研究p H、乙醇、硫脲及SDS用量对杨木胶合板耐水胶合强度的影响,并结合浴比(物料质量比)因素,探讨退粘剂(硫酸)对反应体系黏度和胶合强度的作用机理。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析手段阐明退粘剂对豆粕粉胶黏剂黏度及耐水性增强效应。结果表明:当p H13、乙醇用量15%、硫脲用量7%及SDS为5%,浴比为1∶3.5(豆粕粉质量为基准)时,耐水胶合强度可达0.98 MPa,当加入0.5%退粘剂后,黏度由84 520 m Pa·s降低至1 239 m Pa·s,胶接强度增加18.07%。SEM结果发现豆粕粉胶黏剂固化断面胶接致密,有效改善了胶液黏度和耐水胶合性能。     

碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂的研究

为解决大豆蛋白胶黏剂相对分子量高、黏度大以及改性剂用量多等问题,需要制备一种由碱性蛋白酶改性的新型大豆蛋白胶黏剂,使其满足室内使用胶合板及胶合制品的要求。本研究以脱脂大豆蛋白粉为主要研究对象,碱性蛋白酶作为改性剂,探究不同酶添加量、pH、酶解温度、酶解时间对大豆蛋白胶黏剂胶合强度的影响,并通过正交试验对其工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：大豆蛋白胶黏剂适宜反应条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量10 000 U·g^-1、pH9.5、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间100 min。改性胶黏剂与未改性的大豆蛋白胶黏剂相比,黏度由2 400 s降低为13 s,胶合强度由0.74 MPa提高为0.98 MPa,符合国家标准GB/T 9846—2004Ⅱ类胶合板要求。试验表明碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂在胶合板生产领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

大豆基胶黏剂改性的研究进展

大豆蛋白的凝胶性能够使大豆分离蛋白具有较高的粘度、可塑性和弹性,由大豆分离蛋白形成的胶黏剂不会释放甲醛等有害气体,是高环保型胶黏剂.但是普通大豆胶黏剂耐水性差、胶合强度低,而且耐腐蚀性差、易于生物降解,所以需要进行改性处理以期提高耐水性以及胶合强度.常用改性方法包括:物理改性、化学改性、仿生改性、酶改性等,通过对大豆蛋白改性处理方法的归纳,介绍了大豆胶的最新研究动态,以及国内外大豆胶改性的先进技术,从而总结出适宜的改性方法,为实际的生产与应用提供依据.     

利用大豆分离蛋白制备胶粘剂

为了改善大豆胶黏剂的耐水胶合强度,采用表面活性剂θ改性大豆分离蛋白(SPI)制备胶粘剂,研究了配方及热压温度对大豆胶的胶合性能的影响,利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)技术分别分析了大豆胶的热学性能和结构变化.结果表明:当SPI/水(质量比)为1/10、0的添加量为SPI的0.5wt%、热压温度为160℃时,胶粘剂表现出最佳的胶合强度;大豆胶胶合过程中主要的热反应在160℃以下完成;经表面活性剂θ处理后,胶粘剂结构中的O-H和N-H键减少,大豆基胶黏剂的耐水胶合强度得到明显改善.     

甲醇联合改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂的研究

以甲醇、十二烷基磺酸钠、尿素为原料,研究了它们对大豆分离蛋白改性后胶黏性的改观作用。结果表明:随着甲醇含量的增加胶合强度先增后减,当甲醇含量占总体质量分数15%时胶合强度最好。取该条件下的大豆蛋白胶黏剂进行有关反应次序的对比试验。研究表明其部分干态胶合强度略有下降,湿态胶合强度有提升,且反应次序为SDS、甲醇、尿素所得的胶黏剂胶合强度达到最优。DSC、SEM图像和IR图像分析结果说明经此方法改性后的蛋白质展现出更多的二级结构从而大幅度的提升了其胶粘性,与此同时改性后的大豆蛋白玻璃化转化温度降低,从而降低了热压温度,说明经甲醇联合改性后的大豆蛋白胶黏剂不但能更加适应规模化的工业生产还可以节约资源。     

晶须与偶联剂改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂

选用硅烷偶联剂KH560作为改性剂,对碳酸钙晶须进行表面改性.研究了经KH560改性的碳酸钙晶须对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)胶黏剂粘接性能和耐水性的影响,考察了KH560用量和碳酸钙晶须用量对胶黏体系性能的影响.利用万能试验机测试对胶黏剂体系的剪切强度进行了测试,借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对胶黏剂热性能进行了分析.结果表明:当KH560用量为4%(wt)、碳酸钙晶须用量为2%(wt)、SPI含量为10%(-at)时体系的粘接性能和耐水性最好,与未改性SPI胶黏剂相比,干剪切强度提高了28.88%,浸泡后剪切强度提高了71.41%,湿剪切强度提高了76.68%;变性温度与未改性SPI胶黏剂相比有所下降.此外,利用FYIR和光学显微镜对体系内部结构进行了表征.     

共聚改性大豆蛋白制备胶粘剂的研究

采用改性剂MF处理大豆蛋白(SPI),用马来酸酐(MA)接枝改性后,与苯乙烯(St)发生共聚制备胶粘剂,研究了配方及反应温度对胶粘剂耐水胶接强度及粘度的影响。增加SPI的用量,胶粘剂的粘度将逐渐增大,耐水胶合强度起初增加迅速,之后增加趋势变缓;增加改性剂的用量,胶粘剂粘度与耐水胶合强度都呈先下降后上升趋势;当MA用量为1.5 g时,胶粘剂的粘度最小,而用量为4.5 g时,胶粘剂的粘度最大,随着MA用量的增加,胶粘剂耐水胶合强度先上升而后大幅下降;St用量对胶粘剂粘度的影响较复杂,但耐水胶合强度却随着St用量的增加先上升后下降,当St用量为20 mL时,耐水胶合强度达到最大值2.78 MPa;当引发剂的量为0.05 g(1mL苯乙烯)时,胶粘剂的耐水胶合强度出现最大值2.79 MPa,且此时粘度仅为12 MPa.S,对施胶影响不大。最终确定最佳反应条件为:SPI 15 g、MF6.5%(相对于SPI)、MA 3.0 g,St 20 mL,引发剂0.05 g(1 mL St用量),反应温度70°C。     

糖基化大豆分离蛋白制备工艺优化及对其性质的影响

以大豆分离蛋白为试验材料,优化糖基化大豆分离蛋白制备工艺并研究经过葡萄糖处理对大豆分离蛋白溶解度、凝胶强度、乳化性以及热稳定方面的影响。结果表明:糖基化大豆分离蛋白最佳制备工艺为反应温度69.49℃、反应时间46.64 min、糖的添加量10.64%,凝胶强度最高为76.03;在相同p H下,经葡萄糖处理后的大豆分离蛋白溶解度较大,沉淀较少,而未糖基化的大豆分离蛋白沉淀量增加。糖基化处理的大豆分离蛋白乳化稳定性(emulsifying stability,ES)和热稳定性均有所增强。糖基化改性过程可显著提高大豆分离蛋白的溶解性和乳化性能,这为拓宽其在食品工业中的应用提供了理论基础。     

大豆茎秆蛋白质双向电泳技术体系优化

为建立一套完整、可行的适合大豆茎秆蛋白的双向电泳技术,对大豆茎秆蛋白的提取方法、双向电泳的固相化p H梯度凝胶(IPG)、上样量、SDS-PAGE胶浓度、染色方法等进行了优化。结果表明,将传统的TCA/丙酮法与酚法相结合,提取的大豆茎秆蛋白经双向电泳分离后,可获得较多的蛋白点,且背景清晰,便以识别。双向电泳优化后的主要技术参数为p H3-10非线性IPG胶条、上样量800μg、12%SDS-PAGE胶、考马斯亮蓝染色。本研究形成的大豆茎秆蛋白提取方法和双向电泳技术方案,有利于进一步采用蛋白质组学分析大豆茎秆的生物学功能。     

超细SiO2/NR复合材料的制备工艺及其力学性能

利用乳液共沉原理、正交实验法,研究了Na2SiO3·9H2O与盐酸在助剂的作用下生成的SiO2乳液与天然胶乳共凝制备超细SiO2/NR复合材料的工艺。结果表明:由Na2SiO3·9H2O的质量浓度、反应时间、反应温度3个因子适宜水平组合,采用乳液共沉法制备的超细SiO2/NR复合材料的300％定伸应力为6.43 MPa,拉伸强度为29.04 MPa,撕裂强度为56.88 kN/m,与纯胶、普通SiO2/NR复合材料相比,超细SiO2/NR复合材料的力学性能得到一定程度改善。在本实验条件下,超细SiO2/NR复合材料的最佳制备工艺条件(适宜的因子水平组合)是Na2SiO3·9H2O的质量浓度第1份为280 g/L、第2份为100 g/L,反应时间为30 min、反应温度为80℃。      

Evaluation of sorghum flour as extender in plywood adhesives for sprayline coaters or foam extrusion

This study was conducted to evaluate sorghum flour as protein extender in phenol-formaldehyde-based plywood adhesive for sprayline coaters or foam extrusion. Defatted sorghum flour, containing 0.2% (db) residual oil and 12.0% (db) crude protein, was analyzed for solubility and foaming properties. Sorghum flour proteins were least soluble (≤12%) under acidic pH, most soluble (72%) at pH 10, and produced substantial and highly stable foam at pH 10. Sorghum flour was substituted (on protein content basis) for wheat flour in the standard glue mix. Mixing properties and bond strength of the sorghum-based glue were compared with those of the industry standard glue. The sorghum flour-based adhesive had mixing properties and appearance that were superior to those of the standard wheat flour-based plywood glue, but its viscosity and bond strength were markedly less. Doubling the amount of protein contributed by sorghum flour in the glue mix markedly improved both viscosity (1104 cP) and adhesion strength (1.37 MPa) of the sorghum-based plywood glue to acceptable levels. The modified sorghum flour-based plywood glue also produced foam that remained stable up to 3 h. These results demonstrated that sorghum flour is a viable extender in plywood glues for sprayline coater or foam extrusion.     

豆渣水溶性大豆多糖提取工艺研究

以豆渣为原料,采用有机酸水溶液提取SSPS.通过对提取pH、有机酸种类、提取温度和提取时间的单因素试验,得到最佳的工艺条件:酒石酸水溶液作为提取介质,温度110℃,提取时间1.5 h,pH3.8.该工艺的蛋白质溶出率仅为2.18%,产品分子量由三部分组成,其中5.424×10~5为主要部分.水溶性大豆多糖得率达到27.65%.     

戊二醛改性提高大豆胶粘剂耐水性能

以脱脂大豆粉(SF)为原料,选用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和戊二醛(GA)作为改性试剂,制备出具有较好耐水性能的木材用胶粘剂,并应用于杨木胶合板,分别研究了pH值、戊二醛用量、反应时间以及最终改性胶粘剂贮存时间对耐水胶合性能及表观粘度的影响,并采用十二烷基硫酸钠.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和傅屯叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析手段探讨了改性胶粘剂耐水性能增强机理.结果表明:较佳合成工艺为:pH值为12.0,GA添加量0.80wt%(基于脱脂豆粉质量),反应时间1.0 h,反应温度30.0℃.按照GB/T 9846-2004胶合板中Ⅱ类板标准检测,耐水胶合强度可达0.68MPa.SDS-PAGE谱图说明蛋白质分子间形成化学键交联,FT-IR分析表明有环状吡啶结构生成,这些可能是改性胶粘剂耐水性能提高的原因.     

乙酸甲酯对大豆蛋白胶胶膜快干性的影响

提出了大豆蛋白胶胶膜概念,通过单因素试验研究了乙酸甲酯对大豆蛋白胶胶膜快干性及胶膜胶合强度的影响.结果表明:乙酸甲酯可以显著提高胶膜的快干性,且随着添加量的增加而增快,综合考虑乙酸甲酯大豆蛋白胶膜的干燥速率及胶合强度的影响,100 g大豆蛋白胶添加15 mL乙酸甲酯为最适添加量.     

Purification and characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter suboxydans

Purification and characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Gluconobacter suboxydans was done in order to biotechnological and industrial application. Solubilization of enzyme from bacterial membrane fraction by Triton X-100 and subsequent fractionation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Hydroxyapatite was successful in enzyme purification. Enzyme assay reaction mixture contained potassium ferricyanide 0.1 M, McIlvaine buffer 0.1 M (pH 5.5), Triton X-100 10%, ethanol 1 M and enzyme solution. The purified ADH Optimum pH activity was 5.5. The enzyme was in maximum stability in pH 5.8. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was determined using the same enzyme assay method as described above, except that various substrates (100 mM) were used instead of ethanol. The relative activity of the ADH for ethanol was higher than the others. The effects of metal ions and inhibitors on the activity of the enzyme were examined by measuring the activity using the same assay method as described above. Activity of purified enzyme was increased in the presence of Ca(+2) and was decreased in presence the of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Because the proper structure and function of the enzyme is related to structural Ca(+2) and EDTA can chelate Ca(+2). An apparent Michaelis constant for ethanol were examined to be 1.7 x 10(-3) M for ethanol as substrate.     

Ethanolic fermentation of phosphoric acid hydrolysates from olive tree pruning

The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of using phosphoric acid to hydrolyze the hemicellulosic fraction of olive tree pruning, as a step in the bioconversion process to produce ethanol. Milled olive tree pruning was submitted to hydrolysis at 90 °C by phosphoric acid in a concentration range 0.3–8N for 240 min. The hydrolysates were then fermented by Pachysolen tannophilus. The hydrolysis stage was evaluated by the evolution of glucose and reducing sugars generated and by the conversion of hemicellulose fraction. The main parameters determined in the fermentation were: maximum specific growth rate, specific substrate consumption rate, specific ethanol production rate and ethanol yield. The maximum ethanol yield (0.38 kg/kg, equivalent to 74.5% of the theoretical yield) was obtained when hydrolysing with 0.5N phosphoric acid. Hemicellulose conversion is however incomplete at these operational conditions. Higher acid concentrations lead to higher hydrolysis of hemicellulose, but the ethanol yields resulting from the fermentation are lower.     

Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse by Mucor hiemalis

The present work deals with production of ethanol from sweet sorghum bagasse by a zygomycetes fungus Mucor hiemalis. The bagasse was treated with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide, with or without ultrasonication, prior to enzymatic hydrolysis by commercial cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes. The phosphoric acid pretreatment was performed at 50 °C for 30 min, while the alkali treatment performed with 12% NaOH at 0 °C for 3 h. The pretreatments resulted in improving the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to 79-92% of the theoretical yield. The best hydrolysis performance was obtained after pretreatment by NaOH assisted with ultrasonication. The fungus showed promising results in fermentation of the hydrolyzates. In the best case, the hydrolyzate of NaOH-ultrasound pretreated bagasse followed by 24 h fermentation resulted in about 81% of the corresponding theoretical ethanol yield. Furthermore, the highest volumetric ethanol productivity was observed in the hydrolyzates of NaOH pretreated bagasse, especially after ultrasonication in pretreatment stage.     

Preparation and properties of waterborne poly(urethane-urea) ionomers effect of the type of neutralizing agent

A series of waterborne poly(urethane-urea) anionomers were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), ethylene diamine (EDA), and triethylamine (TEA), NaOH, or Cu(COOCH₃)₂ as neutralizing agent. This study was performed to decide the effect of neutralizing agent type on the particle size, viscosity, hydrogen bonding index, adhesive strength, antistaticity, antibacterial and mechanical properties. The particle size of the dispersions decreased in the following order: TEA based samples (T-sample), NaOH based samples(N-sample), and Cu(COOCH₃)₂ based sample (C-sample). The viscosity of the dispersions increased in the order of C-sample, N-sample, and T-sample. Metal salt based film samples (N and C-sample) had much higher antistaticity than TEA based sample. By infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the hydrogen bonding index (or fraction) of samples decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sample, and C-sample. The adhesive strength and tensile modulus/strength decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sample, and C-sample. The C-sample had strong antibacterial halo, however, T- and N-samples did not.