多花黑麦草对污水中汞的净化研究

通过多花黑麦草对污水中汞的净化研究得出：多花黑麦草对污水中的汞具有明显的吸收、净化效果；净化效率与污水中汞的起始浓度、ｐＨ值、气温、净化时间有直接关系；多花黑麦草是生物净化污水的优良品种之一。     

湿沉淀对采汞地区山地土壤中汞的影响

There is abundance of Mercury mine resurces in the Fanjinshan Mountain,Mining mercury has a long history there,The concentration of geseous Hg produced in smelting He reaches 20-50mg/m^3 in the tail gas.Because mercury element is an easily transferring microelement,the paper talks about the effect of mercury in Hg mining in Guizhou Province on alpine soil,analyses Hg content in alpine soil at 2000 m of relative elevation in the Hg mining area,and explores for causes of the Hg pollution.     

汞沉淀对黑麦草中汞含量及其分布的影响

A grass(Italian rye grass)experiment with complete desing of three factos(Hg,grass and exposure)and two levels(with and withou the factor tested)was carried out in Goeteborg,Sweden from May to September,1995,toward understanding the effect of mercury deposition on plant Hg content and its distribution.It has been found that besides the two general pathways of Hg absorption,i.e.root uptake and foliar absorption,mercury deposition can aslo signifcantly incease Hg content and total load in grass.Such effects seem to be confined only within the above-ground parts of grass plant.Estimate has been made to make clear of the contributions of different pathways to Hg Content and total Hg load in the upper part of grass.Results showed that the contribution of Hg deposition accounted for 27%-32%,of Hg content in the above-ground parts of grass plant without adding Hg to the soil.decreasing with the increase of soil and/or air Hg concentrations.The increment of Hg load in the upper part of grass plant caused by Hg deposition during an interval of two weeks varied between 0.01-0.07μg pt^-1,contributing to 17%-48% of the total Hg load in grass plant exposed.     

污水排放对晋祠泉域地下水环境的影响及保护研究

近年来,晋祠泉域内的污水排放量逐年增加,致使地表水、浅层地下水、岩溶水的水环境日趋恶化,尤其是古交市重点水源保护区,被污染的地表水和浅层孔隙水直接入渗补给岩溶水,造成了地下水不同程度的污染,严重威胁到太原市西部边山地区城乡居民的饮水安全.通过对泉域内污水排放的调查,研究了污水排放对地下水的影响,制定出了泉域地下水环境管理保护方案,可为加强管理提供决策依据.     

土壤中汞生物有效性的研究

小麦思苗实验表明,小麦幼苗根主要吸收土壤中小分子有机质结合的汞（ＦＡ结合态汞）,并在根部累积,其他开矿汞可以结合为ＦＡ结合态,表现为间接作用,残渣态汞是植物根吸收的库源。在实验条件下,小麦幼苗叶片可以很快吸收土壤中挥发出来的汞,并在茎叶中积累,土壤汞植物利用率氏,可被带出土主汞量有限。     

有机肥对土壤-小麦系统汞污染影响的研究

以冬小麦为试验对象,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同有机肥、不同外源汞施用量对土壤和小麦的汞污染、迁移和累积的影响。结果表明,随着汞施入量的增加,土壤全汞和有效汞含量逐渐增加,使小麦吸收汞增加。在小麦整个生育期,土壤有效汞与小麦根、茎叶、籽粒吸收的汞之间呈极显著正相关性。随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤有效态汞含量逐渐减少,继而降低小麦对汞的吸收。相关分析表明,有机肥施用量与土壤有效汞呈显著负相关。有机肥对土壤有效汞的抑制效果以低汞高有机肥处理效果最为显著,苗期达到58.94%,收获期达到62.29%。有机肥施用量与苗期低汞处理下小麦茎叶和根部汞含量呈显著负相关,与收获期的所有汞处理下小麦茎叶、根部和籽粒汞含量呈极显著或显著负相关,在低汞处理,施用有机肥完全抑制了土壤中汞向籽粒中转移。所有处理小麦各器官汞含量的分布规律为根〉茎叶〉籽粒。     

土壤中汞的存在形态及过量汞对生物的不良影响

随着汞在工业、农业、医药等方面的广泛应用,由汞及其化合物所造成的环境污染问题日益严重,汞对环境和人类带来的危害愈来愈引起普遍的关注。本文着重介绍汞在自然环境和土壤中的各种存在形态,阐述不同形态汞对植物进而对人类健康的危害,以及汞不同形态情况下人体的中毒症状和中毒机理,并对减少汞污染的治理提出一定的建议。     

城市固体废弃物堆肥与化肥对不同土壤植物生长的影响研究

温室盆栽试验研究城市固体废弃物堆肥与化肥对不同土壤黑麦草生长的影响,结果表明,堆肥和化肥可明显增加黑麦草干物质产量,阳春和大安2种土壤处理C50干物质产量分别比对照增加39.53%和109.38%,而NPK处理则分别增产267.44%和406.25%。堆肥与化肥配施处理(NPK C25对阳春和NPK C50对大安)产量最高。堆肥处理明显增加土壤pH、有机碳、土壤有效态磷、钾、铁、锰、锌和铜含量。     

Effect of composting on extractability and relative availability of heavy metals present in Calcutta municipal solid waste

How composting affects heavy metal content is largely unknown. Accordingly, we investigate the total content of six heavy metals, Cd/Zn ratio and the Zn-equiv, the relative availability and fractionation study to assess the suitability of compost derived out of those for environmental concerns. During composting, total metal content increased but their RA decreased. As a result of composting bioavailable form of metals also decreased. High significant correlations between different forms of heavy metals content and degree of humification were found for all the elements. Composting increases humic acid content than fulvic acid. This transformation is mainly responsible to serve as binding agent for metal thereby moderating the rapid metal mobilization.     

Long-term effects of heavy metals from composted municipal waste on some enzyme activities in a cultivated soil

A 3-year field experiment on a calcareous Fluventic Xerochrept planted with corn (Zea mays L.) was carried out to evaluate the effects of amending the soil with high and low rates of composted municipal waste on soil enzyme activities (alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, arylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, and l-asparaginase). These enzyme activities all increased when compost was added at rates of up to 90 t ha^-1, and the phosphatases continued to show a linear increase with compost rates of up to 270 t ha^-1. The addition of mineral fertilizer increased enzyme activities in unamended soil, and masked the stimulating effect of compost on the amended soils. Heavy metals did not affect soil enzyme activities up to a compost addition of at least three times the amount specified by Italian law.     

Ryegrass Response to Mineral Fertilization and Organic Amendment with Municipal Solid Waste Compost in Two Tropical Agricultural Soils of Mali

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of mineral fertilization and compost on the growth and chemical composition of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown on two Malian agricultural soils coming from Baguinéda, abbreviated as Bgda, (12°23′ S, 7°45′ W) and Gao (16°18′ N, 0°). Treatments included non‐fertilized control, NPK alone, NPK + C₂₅, NPK + C₅₀, NPK + C₁₀₀, PK + C₅₀, NK + C₅₀, NP + C₅₀, K + C₅₀, P + C₅₀, N + C₅₀, and C₅₀ alone, where NPK represents the non modified Hoagland's solution and C₂₅, C₅₀, and C₁₀₀ represent the different rates (25, 50, and 100 T/ha) of compost. Compost and mineral fertilization significantly increased dry matter production. The application of 50 T/ha of compost alone increased the dry matter yield by 10 and 17.5% while mineral nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) increased yield by 69.7 and 65% for Gao and Bgda, respectively. The combination of compost and mineral NPK (NPK + C₂₅ for Gao and NPK + C₅₀ for Bgda) affected the highest dry matter yield. For both soils, N concentrations in plants increased significantly with compost rate. Phosphorus and K concentrations in plants varied according to the soil. The application of compost increased the uptake of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and potassium (K from both soils). Increases in soil organic carbon, available P, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, K, and pH were observed in treatments receiving compost. Therefore, compost appeared to be a good supplier of nutrients for tropical soils.     

Short-Time Response of Microbial Communities to Waste Compost Amendment of an Intensive Cultivated Soil in Southern Italy

In an intensely cultivated soil in southern Italy, the effects of municipal waste compost on soil activities (basal respiration, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis), Biolog functional diversity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were estimated in a short period following amendment. Treatment with compost at 30 t ha^?1 (dry matter) was compared to mineral fertilization and untreated soil. In these poor soils, organic amendment allowed the rapid recovery of an active and biodiverse soil community. While the addition of compost increased all microbial activities and EC, the pH did not change. Conversely, metabolic activity that was positively correlated to FDA hydrolysis rate initially was enhanced by compost but decreased with time and disappeared at the end of the incubation. Results indicated that waste compost amendments affected microbial activities, both at global and functional levels, favoring a rapid return of biological factors of fertility.