Effects of housing conditions on homeostasis and blood rheological properties of lactating cows

The effects of the tie-stall and free-stall housing systems on homeostasis and blood rheological properties in the Black-and-White cows in the first half of lactation have been evaluated. One hundred and ninety five healthy third- and fourth-calved cows were analyzed. The erythrocyte parameters of hemostasis, blood viscosity, aggregation, and deformability were assessed. The free-stall housing system for cows has resulted in a significant decrease in the platelet aggregation (by 10.4 and 9.9% for spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation, respectively) along with weakening of the plasma cell adhesion in hemostasis (INR and APTT increased by 6.9 and 23.9%, respectively). A reduction in the blood viscosity value and the erythrocyteaggregation index by 4.9% with a 2.7% increase in their deformability index was revealed. The tie-stall housing system for cows has contributed to the extent of the platelet aggregation (by 15.5 and 34.2% for spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation, respectively) and the activation of hemocoagulation (decreases in INR and APTT by 4.6 and 16.3%, respectively). The obtained results have proven the negative effects of the tie-stall housing system on the recorded rheological properties of blood.     

Total synthesis of norzoanthamine

Norzoanthamine, an alkaloid isolated from Zoanthus sp., can suppress the loss of bone weight and strength in ovariectomized mice. Norzoanthamine derivatives can also strongly inhibit the growth of P-388 murine leukemia cell lines and human platelet aggregation. However, norzoanthamine's densely functionalized complex stereostructure and scarce availability from natural sources have proved a synthetic challenge. We report the stereoselective total synthesis of norzoanthamine in 41 steps, with an overall yield of 3.5% (an average of 92% yield each step).     

Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation

Protein aggregation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and hence is considered an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. However, protein-protein interactions are exceedingly difficult to inhibit. Small molecules lack sufficient steric bulk to prevent interactions between large peptide surfaces. To yield potent inhibitors of beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregation, we synthesized small molecules that increase their steric bulk by binding to chaperones but also have a moiety available for interaction with Abeta. This strategy yields potent inhibitors of Abeta aggregation and could lead to therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and other forms of neurodegeneration.     

黔中喀斯特地区不同植被土壤抗蚀性研究

对黔中喀斯特地区石灰岩上石灰土在不同植被下的抗蚀性进行研究,运用土壤有机质含量、>0.25mm干筛团聚体含量、水稳性团聚体含量、结构破坏率、团聚状况、团聚度、分散率、分散系数8个指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:3种植被下土壤表层和亚表层的抗蚀性排序为阔叶林地>灌木林地>草地;从土壤表层到亚表层有机质含量下降剧烈;3种植被中阔叶林对增加土壤有机质含量有显著作用。土壤有机质含量和水稳性团聚体含量是评价土壤抗蚀性强弱的最好指标;结构破坏率、团聚状况、团聚度、分散率次之,>0.25mm干筛团聚体含量,分散系数两指标则不如其它指标明显。     

木毒蛾空间格局及其应用研究

本文采用聚集度指标法测定了木毒蛾(Lymantria xylina Swinhoe)卵、幼虫、蛹的空间格局。测定结果表明:木毒蛾卵块、幼虫和蛹在木麻黄防护林中呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分是个体群,幼虫在林内以聚集型扩散。应用Iwao方法,计算了在不同虫口密度下的林间最适抽样数,分析了中幼林中幼虫的序贯抽样。     

Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder with many different causes, yet they may intersect in common pathways, raising the possibility that neuroprotective agents may have broad applicability in the treatment of PD. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial complex I inhibition may be the central cause of sporadic PD and that derangements in complex I cause alpha-synuclein aggregation, which contributes to the demise of dopamine neurons. Accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein may further contribute to the death of dopamine neurons through impairments in protein handling and detoxification. Dysfunction of parkin (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) and DJ-1 could contribute to these deficits. Strategies aimed at restoring complex I activity, reducing oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein aggregation, and enhancing protein degradation may hold particular promise as powerful neuroprotective agents in the treatment of PD.     

FGF-21对大鼠血小板聚集和活化的抑制作用

临床上大部分抗血小板药物存在继发性出血等副作用,亟需寻找一种安全有效的抗血小板药物。二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和花生四烯酸(AA)是介导血小板聚集的主要物质,文章探讨成纤维细胞生长因子-21(FGF-21)是否抑制ADP或AA诱导大鼠血小板聚集和活化。将大鼠分为正常对照组、正常鼠血小板活化组、阿司匹林干预后血小板活化组、FGF-21高、中、低剂量干预后血小板活化组。给药干预后提取各组血小板,分别用ADP或AA处理,观察处理后血小板聚集情况以及P选择素和血栓素(TXB2)表达水平。与正常对照组相比,正常鼠血小板经ADP或AA处理活化后,血小板聚集率显著升高,血浆中P选择素和TXB2含量明显上升;与正常鼠血小板经ADP或AA处理活化后相比,经阿司匹林和FGF-21干预后分别经ADP或AA处理活化后的血小板聚集率显著下降,血浆中P选择素和TXB2含量显著下降;FGF-21干预组经ADP或AA活化后,血小板聚集率、P选择素和TXB2含量下降水平呈明显剂量依赖性。目前国内外尚未发现FGF-21对血小板聚集与活化作用的相关报道,研究首次证明FGF-21具有抑制ADP和AA诱导血小板聚集和活化作用及明显的抗血凝作用,填补FGF-21在抗血凝研究领域空白,为开发安全有效的抗血凝药物提供理论依据。     

单向性模型下的主题数据库聚合性分析

对主题数据库技术中的亲合性分析方法进行研究，基于单向性模型对该分析方法进行了改进．提出用聚合性分析方法研究主题数据库技术，并用实体之间的聚合度来分析主题数据库，通过聚合性矩阵建立主题数据库，能较为清楚地反映实体之间的相关性和趋向性．通过实例对实体之间的相关性进行了分析，表明实体聚合度的提出简化了分析过程，利用聚合性矩阵可以更清楚地观察到实体关系的紧密程度，聚合性分析方法有利于理解和分析实体关系，达到清晰实体关系和简化计算的效果．     

肌醇脂质和cAMP在血小板活化因子诱导血小板聚集中的作用

目的：探讨肌醇脂质和cAMP两个细胞内第二信使系统在血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导血小板聚集过程中所起到的作用和相互关系。方法：采用PKC激动剂PMA和Ca^2 通道A23187,以及PKA激动剂Sp-cAMPS和抑制剂Rp-cAMPS干预的方法,分析观察这两个信使系统在PAF诱导血小板聚集过程中的作用;采用^3H—Inositol和^14C-Adenine双标记液体闪烁技术测定PAF诱导血小板可逆聚集过程中肌醇-1,4,5-三磷酸酯(IP3)和cAMP的水平变化的方法,分析研究这两个信使系统在PAF诱导血小板聚集过程中的相互关系。结果：(1)PMA和A23187能分别增强PAF的血小板聚集效应,而且两者具有协同作用;(2)Rp-cAMP和Sp-cAMPS两者本身都不能引起血小板聚集,但能分别增强和抑制PAF的聚集效应;(3)IP3和cAMP的水平变化分别与血小板的聚集和解聚过程一致。结论：(1)肌醇脂质信使系统是细胞内转导PAF诱导血小板聚集的主要胞内信使系统。(2)降低血小板内cAMP浓度不能诱导聚集,但能增强肌醇脂质信使系统的聚集效应;升高cAMP水平能拮抗肌醇脂质信使系统的作用,这可能是使可逆相聚集的血小板解聚的一个重要机制。     

Self-assembled aggregates of rod-coil block copolymers and their solubilization and encapsulation of fullerenes

Amphiphilic poly(phenylquinoline)-block-polystyrene rod-coil diblock copolymers were observed to self-organize into robust, micrometer-scale, spherical, vesicular, cylindrical, and lamellar aggregates from solution. These diverse aggregate morphologies were seen at each composition, but their size scale decreased with a decreasing fraction of the rigid-rod block. Compared to coil-coil block copolymer micelles, the present aggregates are larger by about two orders of magnitude and have aggregation numbers of over 10(8). The spherical and cylindrical aggregates have large hollow cavities. Only spherical aggregates with aggregation numbers in excess of 10(9) were formed in the presence of fullerenes (C60, C70) in solution, resulting in the solubilization and encapsulation of over 10(10) fullerene molecules per aggregate.     

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a foraging cue for reef fishes

Coral reefs resemble islands of productive habitats where fishes aggregate, forage, and spawn. Although it has been suggested that some reef fishes use biogenic chemicals as aggregation cues, specific chemicals have not been identified. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a secondary metabolite of many marine algal species, is released during foraging by higher-order consumers. DMSP has been studied intensively for its role in oceanic sulfur cycles and global climate regulation, but its ecological importance to marine fishes is unknown. We present evidence that planktivorous reef fishes will aggregate to experimental deployments of DMSP over coral reef habitats in the wild.     

白杨透翅蛾幼虫空间分布型及其应用

通过几项聚集度指标测定了白杨透翅蛾幼虫的空间分布型,所有指标都表明其分布为聚集分布。聚集的原因是由于成虫的产卵习性和幼虫的为害习性形成的。本文应用了lwao的统计方法,提出了资料代换公式和最适抽样数公式。     

宝天曼自然保护区树附生苔藓空间格局分析

采用单变量g(r)函数,选用同质性泊松、异质性泊松、同质性托马斯和异质性托马斯4个零模型,分析了宝天曼自然保护区内1 hm2样地中11种树附生苔藓物种的空间分布格局.结果显示,11个物种中,有6个物种在同质性泊松模型下表现出聚集分布,在同质性托马斯模型下的聚集程度有所减弱,但在异质性泊松模型下完全变为随机分布.与同质性泊松模型下的分布相比,在异质性泊松模型下,有4个物种在较大尺度上的聚集分布变为随机分布;而在同质性托马斯模型下,有2个物种在较小尺度上的聚集分布变为随机分布.研究表明:1)生境异质性和扩散限制均对树附生苔藓空间分布格局的形成有影响,且生境异质性起主要作用;2)生境异质性可在小尺度上影响树附生苔藓的空间分布,扩散限制也能在大尺度上发挥作用.     

高吸水性树脂单施及与肥料混施对土壤水分蒸发及团聚作用的影响

用模拟的方法研究了高吸水性树脂 KH841单施和与 NH_4HCO_3,NH_4Cl,NH_4NO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,CO(NH_2)_2,KH_2PO_4,KNO_3,KCl 等肥料分别混施在砂土、砂壤土及含盐壤土上,对土壤水分蒸发和团聚度的影响。结果表明:树脂单施或与肥料混施时,3种土壤的水分蒸发量均与对照没有差异。在砂土、含盐壤土上混施时土壤团聚度与树脂用量呈线性正相关;尿素、NH_4HCO_3与树脂混施对树脂单施时增加土壤团聚度作用的影响较小,而其他电解质肥料与树脂混施则有一定不良影响。     

枯草杆菌蛋白酶促大豆分离蛋白聚集:蛋白质和酶浓度以及热处理的影响

 研究了大豆分离蛋白的枯草杆菌蛋白酶水解产物的聚集行为。加入枯草杆菌蛋白酶后,大豆蛋白分离物被迅速降解为分子量小于6.5kDa小分子组分,这些组分相互作用形成大的聚集物。水解液的浊度变化趋势呈S型,底物浓度大于3.2％(酶浓度为750U/mL)时蛋白质的浓度对聚集过程的影响更明显,此临界浓度主要取决于酶浓度。适当的预热处理有利于酶促聚集。由于聚集物能溶于SDS和尿素,说明非共价键(主要是疏水相互作用、氢键和离子键)对聚集物的形成有特别重要的作用。最后并提出了酶促聚集的机理。     

荒漠植物霸王种群空间分布格局

通过实地调查,结合相邻格子法取样,应用扩散系数、平均拥挤度、丛生指数、聚块性指数、Cassie．R．M．指标、Morisita指数、负二项参数等指标,对霸王分布格局及其动态进行研究。结果表明：在不同分布区（L和P两大群落）霸王种群均表现为集群分布,且聚集强度较高,其聚集强度依分布区和选取样地的不同而表现出一定的差异,排序为：L1〉L3〉L2〉P1〉P3〉P2;L群落的聚集强度明显高于P群落,处于相对稳定的状态,即随着霸王自身种子的散落和根茎的繁殖,其种群的聚集程度逐渐增强,群落逐渐趋于稳定。     

Dendritic cell stimulation by mycobacterial Hsp70 is mediated through CCR5

An effective host immune response to mycobacterial infection must control pathogen dissemination without inducing immunopathology. Constitutive overexpression of mycobacterial heat shock protein (myHsp70) is associated with impaired bacterial persistence, but the immune-mediated mechanisms are unknown. We found that myHsp70, in addition to enhancing antigen delivery to human dendritic cells, signaled through the CCR5 chemokine receptor, promoting dendritic cell aggregation, immune synapse formation between dendritic cells and T cells, and the generation of effector immune responses. Thus, CCR5 acts as a pattern-recognition receptor for myHsp70, which may have implications for both the pathophysiology of tuberculosis and the use of myHsps in tumor-directed immunotherapy.     

枫香种群格局与生境适应性的研究

枫香因其维护地力作用明显、生态效益好、经济价值高,在生产、科研上备受重视。但由于人类活动的长期干扰,我国枫香林几乎被砍伐殆尽。因此,研究枫香种群的分布格局对种群恢复具有实践上的指导意义。本文以不同生境的枫香群落为研究对象,采用群落生态学的研究方法对枫香种群进行野外调查,研究种群分布格局与生物和环境因素之间的关系。结果表明:(1)不同地点,枫香种群聚集强度的大小有差异;(2)不同坡位,枫香种群均呈聚集分布,但聚集强度大小因坡位环境差异而不同;(3)不同坡向,枫香种群聚集强度阴坡面较阳坡面大,但聚集强度值因坡向环境差异而不同;(4)在种群发育中,幼龄期个体数量最多,并且龄级越靠近幼龄期,种群分布越呈强烈的聚集性。随年龄的增长,种群进入中龄期和老龄期,种群聚集度呈下降趋势并趋向随机分布或均匀分布;(5)不同地点,枫香与群落中其它物种呈现出不同的相关性,但正关联种对均比负关联种对少;(6)影响枫香种群的生境异质性主要为水、热、光、土壤以及地形条件,它们决定着枫香种群的大尺度分布格局特征以及分布区域。     

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by monoclonal antibody reactive with beta 2-microglobulin chain of HLA complex

A mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts with beta 2-microglobulin, the light chain of class I major histocompatibility antigens, inhibited the second wave of human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine and blocked aggregation and platelet protein phosphorylation induced by sodium arachidonate. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited at threshold concentrations but not at higher concentrations. The antibody also inhibited aggregation and secretion in response to thromboxane A2 or the stable endoperoxide analog, U46619. These results suggest that beta 2-microglobulin in the histocompatibility complex is intimately associated with transmission of the endoperoxide-thromboxane signal at the platelet membrane.     

光照、水温和密度对厚壳贻贝稚贝群聚性的影响

为研究光照、温度和个体密度对厚壳贻贝Mytilus coroscus稚贝群聚性产生的影响,分别在光照强度为0、10、20、60、200μmol/(m~2·s),海水温度为13、18、23℃,厚壳贻贝稚贝密度为5、10、20、30、50个/培养皿(相当于0.28、1.64、3.27、4.91、8.18个/mL)条件下,进行3因素交互作用试验。结果表明:厚壳贻贝稚贝密度与群聚率呈极显著正相关(r=0.736),密度越高稚贝的群聚率越高,群聚性越强;同样,光照对厚壳贻贝稚贝的群聚性具有极显著影响(P0.0001),但光照强度与群聚率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.675),光照越强稚贝的群聚率越低,群聚性越差;海水温度对稚贝的群聚性无显著性影响(P0.05);光照、密度和水温三者的交互作用极显著影响厚壳贻贝稚贝的群聚性(P0.0001)。本研究结果可为今后开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制的研究及水产养殖稚贝中间培育提供理论基础和技术支撑。