Infrasound at long range from saturn v, 1967

Two distinct groups of infrasonic waves from Saturn V, 1967, were recorded at Palisades, New York, 1485 kilometers from the launch site. The first group, of 10-minute duration, began about 70 minutes after launch time; the second, having more than twice the amplitude and a duration of 9 minutes, commenced 81 minutes after launch time. From information on the Saturn V trajectory and analysis of recorded data, it is established that the first group represents sound emitted either by the first stage reentry or by the second stage when its elevation was above 120 kilometers. The second, more intense wave group represents the sound from the powered first stage. A reversal of signal occurs because the rocket outran its own sound. Fourier analyses indicate that the energy extends to relatively long periods-10 seconds for the first stage and 7 seconds for the second. Trapping of sound in the upper atmospheric sound channel can be the cause of the separation of the signal into two distinct groups.     

喀斯特峡谷区植被恢复过程中土壤性质变化

以典型喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中不同恢复阶段(退耕地阶段、草本阶段、灌木阶段、乔木阶段)为对象,研究了土壤养分、微生物量磷、碱性磷酸酶活性等土壤性质的变化及其相关性.结果表明,灌木地土壤有机质、全N、全P和水解性N均高于草地,但低于退耕地;乔木地除10-20cm有机质和0-10 cm速效K显著高于灌木地外,其它与灌木地元...     

Incipient motion design of sand bed channels affected by bed suction

Seepage through sand bed channels in a downward direction (suction) reduces the stability of particles and initiates the sand movement. Incipient motion of sand bed channel with seepage cannot be designed by using the conventional approach. Metamodeling techniques, which employ a non-linear pattern analysis between input and output parameters and solely based on the experimental observations, can be used to model such phenomena. Traditional approach to find non-dimensional parameters has not been used in the present work. Parameters, which can influence the incipient motion with seepage, have been identified and non-dimensionalized in the present work. Non-dimensional stream power concept has been used to describe the process. By using these non-dimensional parameters; present work describes a radial basis function (RBF) metamodel for prediction of incipient motion condition affected by seepage. The coefficient of determination, R² of the model is 0.99. Thus, it can be said that model predicts the phenomena very well. With the help of the metamodel, design curves have been presented for designing the sand bed channel when it is affected by seepage.     

Temperature measurements in carbonatite lava lakes and flows from oldoinyo lengai, Tanzania

The petrogenesis of carbonatites has important implications for mantle processes and for the magmatic evolution of mantle melts rich in carbon dioxide. Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania, is the only active carbonatite volcano on Earth. Its highly alkalic, sodium-rich lava, although different in composition from the more common calcium-rich carbonatites, provides the opportunity for observations of the physical characteristics of carbonatite melts. Temperature measurements on active carbonatitic lava flows and from carbonatitic lava lakes were carried out during a period of effusive activity in June 1988. Temperatures ranged from 491 degrees to 519 degrees C. The highest temperature, measured from a carbonatitic lava lake, was 544 degrees C. These temperatures are several hundred degrees lower than measurements from any silicate lava. At the observed temperatures, the carbonatite melt had lower viscosities than the most fluid basaltic lavas. The unusually low magmatic temperatures were confirmed with 1-atmosphere melting experiments on natural samples.     

Late Pliocene Homo and hominid land use from Western Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania

Excavation in the previously little-explored western portion of Olduvai Gorge indicates that hominid land use of the eastern paleobasin extended at least episodically to the west. Finds included a dentally complete Homo maxilla (OH 65) with lower face, Oldowan stone artifacts, and butchery-marked bones dated to be between 1.84 and 1.79 million years old. The hominid shows strong affinities to the KNM ER 1470 cranium from Kenya (Homo rudolfensis), a morphotype previously unrecognized at Olduvai. ER 1470 and OH 65 can be accommodated in the H. habilis holotype, casting doubt on H. rudolfensis as a biologically valid taxon.     

农业4.0——即将到来的智能农业时代

人均资源匮乏、劳动力短缺、环保形式紧迫是始终贯穿我国农业现代化发展的科学难题,农业4.0是农业现代化建设的深度发展阶段,以更高层次的集约度、精准度、协同度实现精准、智能的农业生产,从根本上解决上述三大难题。文章首先对农业4.0进行定义,简述了发展农业4.0的重大意义,总结了农业1.0到农业4.0各阶段的劳动手段与特征;通过生产条件、综合需求、发展瓶颈3个方面的分析,阐明农业代际演进的推力、引力及压力;以全国范围内的代际分布比例数据描述代际演进状态,预测全国范围农业1.0至4.0的代际演进趋势,并基于技术成熟度曲线图得出未来农业代际演进的主要驱动技术是大数据、云计算、物联网和人工智能等技术,得出农业各代际演进过程的动态跃迁特性,指出农业4.0的实现时间预计为2070年。随后从生产力、资源配置的角度,提出农业4.0的发展策略,明确发展目标,指出要重点围绕大田种植、设施园艺、畜禽养殖和水产养殖,针对局部农业特点、“三农”发展趋势、城乡一体化需求,遵循市场与产业发展规律,着力供给侧结构性改革的发展思路,依次完成农业2.0先导发展、农业3.0主体发展,最终攻坚关键难题,实现农业4.0的全覆盖。     

CEO年龄、公司风险与风险决策行为

选取2007~2012年沪深A股上市公司的CEO为研究对象,探讨CEO年龄对上市公司市场风险和公司风险决策特征的影响。实证发现：CEO年龄越大,其所在公司的市场风险越小。进一步研究表明：老年CEO主要通过低风险决策行为来减少公司的市场风险,即：老年CEO在研发上投资较少,其公司经营杠杆比率以及过度投资程度相对较低。这一结论对于我们更好地理解老年CEO的风险决策行为,及对不同风险特征的上市公司如何聘请不同年龄的新CEO具有一定的启示意义。     

Late Bronze Age glass production at Qantir-Piramesses, Egypt

It has been uncertain whether the glass produced during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) originated in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Here we present evidence for the production of glass from its raw materials in the eastern Nile Delta during the LBA. Glass was made in workshops that were separate from where the production of objects took place. The initial melting of the raw materials to semi-finished glass was done at temperatures of 900 degrees to 950 degrees C, followed by coloration and ingot production at 1000 degrees to 1100 degrees C.     

Age, sex, density, winter weather, and population crashes in Soay sheep

Quantifying the impact of density, extrinsic climatic fluctuations, and demography on population fluctuations is a persistent challenge in ecology. We analyzed the effect of these processes on the irregular pattern of population crashes of Soay sheep on the St. Kilda archipelago, United Kingdom. Because the age and sex structure of the population fluctuates independently of population size, and because animals of different age and sex respond in different ways to density and weather, identical weather conditions can result in different dynamics in populations of equal size. In addition, the strength of density-dependent processes is a function of the distribution of weather events. Incorporating demographic heterogeneities into population models can influence dynamics and their response to climate change.     

新疆开都河长身高原鳅的年龄与生长的关系

【目的】研究塔里木河流域开都河长身高原鳅的年龄与生长的关系。【方法】2017～2019年通过对塔里木河流域开都河长身高原鳅的采样观察,运用经典生物学测量方法鉴定年龄,分析其生长性状。【结果】开都河长身高原鳅,年龄均值为3.06±0.11⁺,年龄结构不符合正态分布,优势年龄个体2⁺;体长和体重相关方程为:W=0.013 3L^{2.809 4}(R²=0.745 9);体长和肠长的关系式为: L_I=0.730 L -2.74(R²=0.981 8);长身高原鳅渐进体长L∞=23.75 cm,生产系数k=0.64,W∞=97.42 g,t ₀ = - 0.70,t_i=9.14⁺ ;种群总体(n=139)体长和体重生长方程为:L_t = 23.75 (1-e^{-0.64 (t + 0.7)}) 和W_t= 97.42 (1-e^{-0.64 (t} + 0.7))^{2.809 4}。种群总体成熟系数和丰满度:GSI＝27.20±1.80和K＝0.88±0.26。【结论】塔里木河流域开都河长身高原鳅属于异速生长,适应性较强,生长性状不稳定,在种群动态和渔业生态平衡,起到了一定的作用。