Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Disruption of sex pheromone communication in a nematode

Males of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite of rodents, were maintained in an environment permeated with pheromone produced by females of the species. After the males were removed from that environment, their subsequent ability to orient to a gradient of the pheromone emanating from living females was greatly reduced for periods up to 2 hours. This phenomenon might serve as the basis for a new, selective antihelminthic technique in which the premating communication between males and females is disrupted.     

性诱剂在甘薯小象虫防治上的应用研究

甘薯小象虫是福建薯区重要的害虫。研究表明，甘薯小象虫在福州薯区年发生有5个高峰期，分别在4月中旬、7月上旬、8月中旬、9月下旬和10月下旬；甘薯小象虫性诱剂对雄成虫具有很强的引诱活性，持效期达110d，引诱范围达15m；选用橡皮塞诱芯、2%洗衣粉溶液和1.25L可乐瓶制作的诱捕器诱捕效果较佳，在莆田、惠安两地薯区进行周年诱捕结果，田间雄成虫数量分别下降了55.4%和57.7%，防治效果分别为69.5%和72.6%。实践证明，应用甘薯小象虫性诱剂防治小象虫是一种简便、安全、有效的防治新方法。     

昆虫性信息素的研究及应用

从昆虫性信息素的生物学特性、研究方法和性信息素的应用三个方面,综述昆虫性信息素的研究进展,为性信息素的研究提供理论依据和实际指导。     

Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.     

Hydrocarbon sex pheromone in tiger moths (Arctiidae)

2-Methylheptadecane is a sex pheromone compound in many sibling species of the Holomelina aurantiaca complex, in Holomelina laeta, and in Pyrrharctia isabella, which are all arctiids. Habitat preference, temporal distribution , and differing diurnal cycles help effect reproductive isolation among the species, but secondary sex pheromone chemicals are also suggested by the field studies.     

Brain factor control of sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth

Sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth Heliothis zea is controlled by a hormonal substance produced in the female's brain. It is present in the brain in scotophase as well as photophase, but it is released into the hemolymph to stimulate pheromone production only in the scotophase. The stimulatory activity was also detected in the brains of male corn earworm moths and of other moths.     

Identification of a neuropeptide hormone that regulates sex pheromone production in female moths

A pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) hormone that controls sex pheromone production in female moths was identified from the brain-subesophageal ganglion complexes of the adult corn earworm, Heliothis zea. PBAN has 33 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 3900. Its amino acid sequence has no significant homology with any of the fully characterized peptide hormones. The synthetic peptide, at a dose of between 2 and 4 picomoles, induced production of a normal quantity of sex pheromone in ligated H. zea females. The peptide also induced pheromone production in six other species of moths, thus indicating that this or similar peptides may be responsible for the regulation of pheromone production in moths.     

性诱剂与黑光灯在大田诱杀杂谷螟虫试验与应用

试验中性诱剂和黑光灯诱捕器对杂谷螟虫的诱捕效果不同。在离石区测报点、忻府区测报点和五寨县测报点,性诱剂诱捕器对玉米螟的诱捕效果明显好于黑光灯诱捕器,三个地点单个性诱剂诱捕器的诱蛾量分别为黑光灯的4.4、3.1、3.3倍。根据诱捕试验结果,同时对玉米螟在大田的发生情况和防治适期做出了准确的预测预报,有效控制了当地玉米螟的灾害性发生。     

昆虫性信息素在防治果树害虫上的应用

利用昆虫性信息素进行果树害虫测报和防治,具有操作简便、高效、无残毒、不污染环境、不会引起害虫产生抗药性、对人畜安全等优点。介绍昆虫性信息素在古田县果树害虫上的应用方法,包括虫情监测、迷向法及诱杀法。     

Bile Acid secreted by male sea lamprey that acts as a sex pheromone

We show that reproductively mature male sea lampreys release a bile acid that acts as a potent sex pheromone, inducing preference and searching behavior in ovulated female lampreys. The secreted bile acid 7alpha,12alpha,24-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate was released in much higher amounts relative to known vertebrate steroid pheromones and may be secreted through the gills. Hence, the male of this fish species signals both its reproductive status and location to females by secreting a pheromone that can act over long distances.     

性信息素用于蔬菜害虫的预测预报和发生规律研究

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、甜菜夜蛾Spodpptera exigua是蔬菜上的重要害虫。小菜蛾主要为害十字花科蔬菜,斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾除为害十字花科蔬菜外,还严重为害豆类、瓜类、茄果类等几百种作物。20世纪90年代以后,由于耕作制度不断更新,蔬菜露地和设施栽培面积逐年扩大,这3种害虫的发生期不断延长,为害日趋严重。通过田间普查虫口密度进行发生期预测预报耗时耗力,难以推广。而利用天然或合成的性信息素进行诱虫,不仅可以^[1,2]。本文利用国外引进的性信息素,研究上述3种害虫在慈溪的发生规律和预测预报。     

固相微量萃取法在棉铃虫性信息素研究中的应用

简要介绍了固相微量萃取法在棉铃虫性信息索研究中的技术要点。初步比较了单个腺体提取法与固相微量萃取法在分析棉铃虫性信息索时的差异。气相色谱分析表明，固相微量萃取法收集的性信息素各组分的含量明显低于单个腺体提取法提取的性信息素各组分的含量，而且出现了一个保留时间较迟的含量较大的一个组分。各组分间的相对比例较高。统计分析表明，两种方法的收集的性信息素各组分的相对含量和比例差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

千金子辨析

2个"千金子"是一个在概念和实践中都需要加以澄清的"同名异物"。农业生产中的千金子是禾本科的1年生农田恶性杂草,防治难度大,严重影响现代水稻生产,已引起各国的重视。中药材上的千金子系为大戟科植物续随子的干燥成熟种子,有毒,需炮制后方可服用,有逐水消肿、破癥杀虫之功效,还可治疗肿瘤和白血病,植株更是一种很有发展潜能的可再生能源植物。     

性诱芯在甜菜夜蛾发生测报及防治上的应用研究

2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年采取性诱剂诱集甜菜夜蛾成虫 ,其动态规律与黑光灯诱蛾结果较吻合 ,且灵敏度高 ,诱蛾量大 ,有蛾期长 ,有利于准确进行甜菜夜蛾的中短期预报 ,可直接诱杀成虫 ,降低田间幼虫量及为害率 ,防效可达 5 0 %～ 6 3 .6 %,具有物理防治和生物防治的双重作用。     

棉铃虫防治指标研究

在湖北省荆州地区选择有代表性的中产棉田两块,进行了棉铃虫不同代别防治指标的研究,初步明确棉铃虫第三代危害期间,棉株有较强的补偿能力。百株低龄幼虫在５头以内时有增产的趋势;５～１５头之间蕾花铃总数保持相对稳定状态;当百株虫量大于１５头时,则蕾、花、铃迅速下降,第四代发生危害期间,棉株补偿能力已衰退或消失,当百株幼虫量达到５头时,则蕾、花、铃总数迅速下降,因此第三代棉铃虫的防治指标为百株低龄幼虫１２头     

化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤研究现状

化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤具有修复时间短、操作简单、能耗低、适应性广、可资源化回收洗脱石油等优点,从表面活性剂复配、助剂应用、过程强化以及石油污染土壤性质的影响等方面对近年来化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤的研究进行了评述。为推动该方法的实际应用,尚需深入研究表面活性剂之间、表面活性剂与助剂之间的相互作用机制,系统研究石油污染土壤性质对洗涤工艺的影响,加强关于降低化学洗涤对土壤性能影响方法的研究,深入开展洗涤废水回用及有效处理的研究。     

Western pine beetle: field response to its sex pheromone and a synergistic host terpene, myrcene

In the field, both sexes of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis, are attracted by the female-produced bicyclic ketal exo-brevicomin; this response is enhanced by myrcene (a constituent of the beetle's host, ponderosapine), which is not an attractant by itself. This synergism may be part of the phenomenon of the mass attack on its host. Temnochila virescens chlorodia, one of the principal insectan predators of this beetle, is attracted by exo-brevicomin alone.