Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

Isolation of N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) from Female Pink Bollworm Moths

A chemical search for a natural activator of propylure, the sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth, revealed that the female moths produce N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, an outstanding insect repellent synthesized commercially and never before reported from natural sources. The compound occurs in fairly large amount in female adults and in much lesser amount in female pupae, but it is completely absent in female larvae and in all stages of the male insect. Its role in the life of the insect has not yet been definitely determined.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Chemical trail-following by flying insects: a mechanism for orientation to a distant odor source

An aerial trail of odorous pheromone molecules extends downwind from a female pink bollworm moth that is receptive for mating. Males apparently sense the boundaries of the trail during their characteristic zigzag flights across it. Contrary to previous beliefs, the mechanism by which the males steer toward the odor source does not require a sensing of wind direction.     

月相和温度对棉红铃虫成虫种群动态的影响

采用红铃虫性诱剂,监测了湖南安乡地区2012—2015年红铃虫成虫的种群动态。并用一种基于非凸惩罚的稳健线性回归模型,分析红铃虫的性诱蛾量与温度、月相之间的关系,同时对数据中存在的离群值进行检测。结果表明,月相对棉红铃虫活动有显著影响,但诱蛾量与月球引力无直接关系。主要表现为夜间光线越弱,红铃虫的诱蛾量越大;温度对红铃虫诱蛾量有显著抑制作用,15~35 ℃时,随温度的上升,红铃虫诱蛾量显著下降。     

Chemical mimicry: bolas spiders emit components of moth prey species sex pheromones

Field studies have indicated that bolas spiders attract male moth prey, apparently by mimicking the odor of female moth sex pheromones. Three moth sex pheromone compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, were identified in volatile substances emitted by hunting adult female Mastophora cornigera spiders. These compounds are components of pheromone blends that attract some of this spider's moth prey species.     

Sex stimulant and attractant in the Indian meal moth and in the almond moth

cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate was isolated from the female Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and the female almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). It is the major if not the sole component of the sex stimulatory and attractant pheromone of female Plodia. It is present in the pheromone of the female Cadra along with at least one synergist.     

Sexual role reversal in mate-finding strategies of the cabbage looper moth

The mate-finding behavior of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes both female- and male-produced sex pheromones used in distinct mate-finding strategies. Both sexes release multicomponent pheromones attractive to the opposite sex. Male pheromone is comprised of d-linalool, m-cresol, and p-cresol released from abdominal hair pencils. Males exposed to host plant odor or to the female sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate are more attractive to females, suggesting stimulation of male pheromone release.     

Sex Pheromone of the Almond Moth and the Indian Meal Moth: cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadienyl Acetate

Female moths of different species but belonging to the same subfamily produce an identical compound as their sex pheromone. The sex pheromone of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), has been isolated and identified as cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadienyl acetate.     

应用RNA干扰技术对甜菜夜蛾信息素结合蛋白功能的研究

采用RNA干扰技术,通过腹腔注射法将甜菜夜蛾信息素结合蛋白1(SexigPBP1)双链RNA导入雄蛾体内,48 h后定量PCR检测表明,SexigPBP1的mRNA表达量被敲减90%以上;同时,触角电位(EAG)测定结果表明,注射处理48 h后雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素主组分Z9,E12-14∶Ac的EAG反应降低了约60%,证明SexigPBP1在雄蛾对该组分的感受中起重要作用.     

利用植物源引诱剂监测与控制舞毒蛾

在内蒙古阿尔山林业局兴安落叶松纯林内,选取受害兴安落叶松针叶的挥发物并复配成引诱剂（植物源引诱剂）,测定其对舞毒蛾成虫的引诱效果。试验一利用窗式诱捕器携带4种诱芯：1）植物源引诱剂（引诱剂I）,2）舞毒蛾性信息素（引诱剂Ⅱ）,3）前两者之结合（引诱剂Ⅲ）,4）空白对照于9块样地（幼、中龄林和成熟林各3块）进行测定。试验...     

加拿大杨枝把田间诱蛾效果观察

比较了加拿大杨(Populuscanadensis)枝把、棉铃虫性诱剂、高压汞灯在田间对棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)的引诱效果。结果表明,加拿大杨枝把在田间以诱集棉铃虫雌蛾为主,所诱棉铃虫雌、雄性比为1.61。加拿大杨枝把日诱雄蛾量与日诱雌蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱雄蛾量、高压汞灯日诱雄蛾量相关性不显著。每日棉铃虫百株落卵量与加拿大杨枝把、高压汞灯日诱蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱蛾量无显著相关性。讨论了加拿大杨枝把在田间引诱棉铃虫的机理。     

沙柳木蠹蛾性信息素的化学合成

沙柳木蠹蛾是荒漠区灌木林的主要钻蛀性害虫之一,可利用性信息素对其进行生物防治。对沙柳木蠹蛾的性信息素主成分顺-7-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z7-14:OAC)和顺-5-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z5-14:OAC)进行了立体选择性合成,其中,Z7-14:OAC采用炔化物反应引入炔基,经过顺式或反式还原得到相应的不饱和醇类化合物,再酯化为所需的乙酸酯;Z5-14:OAC的合成是将四氢吡喃直接开环制得溴代戊醇乙酸酯,再通过Wittig反应与正壬醛偶联成不饱和酯类化合物。产物经红外光谱仪(IR)和气质联用(GC-MS)确认,可用于该虫的诱杀、交配干扰和虫情测报。     

中国梨木虱冬型成虫性信息素成分的提取和GC-MS鉴定

通过鉴定中国梨木虱性信息素的成分,为进一步开发其性引诱剂提供基础资料.本试验利用正己烷分别提取梨木虱冬型雌、雄成虫体表浸提物,用Y型嗅觉仪测试了浸提物对中国梨木虱冬型雌和雄成虫行为反应的影响,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对浸提物进行了分析和鉴定.雌虫浸提物对雄性梨木虱有较强的引诱作用,雄虫浸提物对雄木虱,雌、雄浸提物对雌木虱均无引诱作用,说明雌虫浸提物中含有雌木虱释放的性信息素.气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析结果表明,雌虫浸提物中13-甲基二十七烷和2-甲基二十七烷的含量多于雄虫浸提物中的含量.在保留时间为23.136 min时,雌虫浸提物出现色谱峰,而雄虫浸提物没有出峰.这3种化合物可能是中国梨木虱冬型雌成虫的性信息素成分.     

用活雌性诱法及触角电位仪测定枣步曲性信息素的研究

本文对枣树主要害虫之一——枣步曲的性引诱现象做了一些初步的研究。大田试验的结果表明:树冠中心部位挂碗诱蛾的效果分别好于树主干中部挂碗诱蛾、树冠外围枝挂碗诱蛾、树基部地面挖坑诱蛾、距枣园三百米处设碗诱蛾。从这一趋势来看枣步曲成虫一出土就往树上爬可能是对枣树某些化学成份具有强烈的趋性,但性诱的效果不好。室内利用触角电位仪测定触角电位的结果也证明:枣步曲具有很微弱的性诱现象。分段提取枣步曲雌蛾体躯的结果表明其产生性信息的腺体位于腹部六节以后和完整的前庭上,因这部分产生的触角电位明显地高于头、胸和腹部1～5节分别产生的电位,且具有显著差异。     

杨干透翅蛾性信息素的研究

研究表明我国西北、华北地区危害杨树主干的透翅蛾是杨干透翅蛾Sesia siningensis(Hsu)。经室内EAG测试,林间诱蛾和活雌蛾腺体提取及化学分析,证明顺3,顺13—十八碳二烯醇是其性信息素。利用人工合成的性信息素,在山西、甘肃等省连续4年大面积应用,证明可用来检测成虫羽化期和发生量、分布范围,并可降低雌蛾交配率28.1％～98.5％,平均降低42.8％～47.6％;连续3年诱蛾后,虫口密度降低38.2％。     

舞毒蛾性信息素应用技术的研究

1983—1986年应用舞毒蛾光学活性性信息素及其光学异构体的生物活性试验表明,顺-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-十八烷[(+)-(7R,8S)-disparlure]是舞毒蛾天然性信息素,诱蛾效果非常显著,而其它光学异构体基本无效。舞毒蛾性信息素不仅对舞毒蛾具有活性高,而且对松针毒蛾也具有活性。使用舞毒蛾性信息素作为测报工具,不仅可以监测舞毒蛾的发生,同时也可以监测松针毒蛾的发生。性信息素监测虫情,可以降低劳动强度,精确度高,方法简便易行。在低虫口地区,使用粘胶诱捕器进行大量诱捕法是成功的,连绩使用诱捕法即可有效的控制舞毒蛾的危害和蔓延,抑制其猖獗暴发的周期。在虫口密度大的地区,可先用杀虫剂压低虫口密度,再使用性信息素进行控制,使性信息素与化学防治相结合,减少化学农药的使用,有利于保护环境和害虫天敌,从而提高防治效果。舞毒蛾性信息素的应用,为该虫的防治开辟了一条新的途径,将成为综合治理舞毒蛾的有力工具之一。     

沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的生物学特性

沙柳木蠹蛾(Holcocerus arenicola staudinger)是为害沙柳(Salix psammophila)根部的一种钻蛀性害虫。通过对沙柳木蠹蛾羽化行为、性比和寿命的调查,对各日龄雌蛾求偶和交尾发生时间的统计分析,明确了沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的动态节律。结果表明:沙柳木蠹蛾在19:00～21:00羽化最为集中;雌雄性比平均为0.66∶1;成虫平均寿命4.8±2.2d,其中雌蛾的寿命稍高于雄蛾。雌蛾在进入暗期1～2h内求偶行为明显,最大求偶百分率出现在羽化后的第二晚。1日龄成虫的交配高峰在暗周期的前2h,而2～4日龄成虫的交配高峰是在暗期的1h内;交配持续的平均时间为38.41±11.42min。随着蛾龄的增大,雌虫的求偶和交配行为发生的时间提前。沙柳木蠹蛾的性活动高峰出现在羽化后连续3个暗周期的前半段,可作为利用性信息素防治沙柳木蠹蛾最佳时段的参考依据。     

性信息素诱杀技术控制烟草斜纹夜蛾研究

[目的]推广应用性信息素诱杀技术控制烟草斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura Fabricius）。[方法]按26m×26m（1个/676 m2）的密度在田间设置3层斜纹夜蛾性诱剂（诱捕器）,进行田间防治试验。[结果]在该密度下,通过性诱剂对雄蛾的诱杀,田间卵量减少了62.16%,虫量与常规防治的对照区相当,控制作用持续、稳定,效果显著。使用面积越大,效果越好。[结论]利用该技术可有效控制烟草斜纹夜蛾,减少农药使用量80%以上,具经济、安全、高效的特点,可将其纳入烟草斜纹夜蛾的防治技术体系之中。     

梨小食心虫性诱剂效果评价

梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck)是世界性的重要果树钻蛀性害虫之一。目前,性信息素诱捕器广泛应用于害虫防控,为提高性诱剂对梨小食心虫测报及诱捕效率,从两方面研究了梨小食心虫性诱剂对梨小食心虫的诱捕效果,采用了8个性诱剂产品诱杀梨小食心虫,同时每个诱捕器内设1、3、5、7、9、11个芯数,共6个处理诱杀梨小食心虫。结果表明,A诱捕性诱芯和C诱捕性诱芯诱捕效果最好;诱捕器的诱芯数量为1时引诱到的梨小食心虫数量最多。建议在田间测报和大量诱捕时,使用A诱芯,可达到较高诱捕量,同时也可节约成本,提高效率。