Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素田间应用技术研究

【目的】探讨苹果蠹蛾性信息素田间应用中的技术问题,为苹果蠹蛾性信息素的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用三角式、飞翼式、水盆式和圆筒式4种诱捕器,较系统地研究了诱捕器类型和悬挂高度、苹果蠹蛾性信息素剂量和纯度等因素对诱捕效果的影响。【结果】三角式和飞翼式诱捕器的诱捕效果较佳;诱捕器设置在树冠中上部的诱捕量极显著高于下部及顶部;每诱芯中苹果蠹蛾性信息素含量为0.75 mg时诱捕效果最佳,剂量低于每诱芯0.25 mg或高于1.5 mg时,诱捕量显著下降;性信息素纯度对诱捕效果影响较大,在每诱芯1.00 mg剂量下,纯度为75%的性信息素诱捕效果较佳。【结论】田间宜采用三角式粘胶诱捕器;每诱芯中含0.75 mg苹果蠹蛾性信息素处理的诱捕效果最佳;性信息素纯度不低于75%即可达到制备诱芯的要求;诱捕器设置在树冠中上部诱蛾效果更好。     

2,6-dichlorophenol, sex pheromone of the lone star tick

The compound 2,6-dichlorophenol was identified from female lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, and is believed to be a sex pheromone of this arthropod. The natural occurrence of a chlorinated organic compound in a land animal is new. The presence of similar compounds of exogenous origin is common in animals, but efforts to implicate an outside source for the halogenated phenol have failed.     

Disruption of sex pheromone communication in a nematode

Males of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite of rodents, were maintained in an environment permeated with pheromone produced by females of the species. After the males were removed from that environment, their subsequent ability to orient to a gradient of the pheromone emanating from living females was greatly reduced for periods up to 2 hours. This phenomenon might serve as the basis for a new, selective antihelminthic technique in which the premating communication between males and females is disrupted.     

Identification of a sex pheromone from a spider

The compounds (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid and its dimer, (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyryloxy]-butyric acid, have been identified as sex pheromones of a spider. These compounds elicit web reduction behavior by males of Linyphia triangularis (Clerck) on the webs of unmated adult females.     

性诱剂在甘薯小象虫防治上的应用研究

甘薯小象虫是福建薯区重要的害虫。研究表明，甘薯小象虫在福州薯区年发生有5个高峰期，分别在4月中旬、7月上旬、8月中旬、9月下旬和10月下旬；甘薯小象虫性诱剂对雄成虫具有很强的引诱活性，持效期达110d，引诱范围达15m；选用橡皮塞诱芯、2%洗衣粉溶液和1.25L可乐瓶制作的诱捕器诱捕效果较佳，在莆田、惠安两地薯区进行周年诱捕结果，田间雄成虫数量分别下降了55.4%和57.7%，防治效果分别为69.5%和72.6%。实践证明，应用甘薯小象虫性诱剂防治小象虫是一种简便、安全、有效的防治新方法。     

昆虫性信息素的研究及应用

从昆虫性信息素的生物学特性、研究方法和性信息素的应用三个方面,综述昆虫性信息素的研究进展,为性信息素的研究提供理论依据和实际指导。     

小菜蛾性信息素与性信息素结合蛋白、受体蛋白结合机理研究

【目的】研究小菜蛾性信息素与性信息素结合蛋白、受体蛋白之间作用的关键氨基酸残基和作用力类型,揭示小菜蛾识别性信息素的分子机制,为开发新型性诱剂和小菜蛾的无害化防治提供新思路。【方法】运用Discovery Studio 2.5对小菜蛾性信息素结合蛋白PxylPBP2和受体蛋白PxylOR4进行同源建模,运用程序包中LibDock模块进行分子对接,运用Calculate Energy模块计算复合物结合自由能,分析性信息素Z9-14∶AC与PxylPBP2和PxylOR4的结合模式及相互作用力。【结果】Thr9是PxylPBP2与Z9-14∶AC形成氢键的关键氨基酸残基,Z9-14∶AC易与PxylOR4中的Leu残基产生疏水作用力;PxylPBP2与Z9-14∶AC结合的主要驱动力是静电力,PxylOR4与Z9-14∶AC结合的主要驱动力是范德华力,溶剂化能均抑制Z9-14∶AC与PxylPBP2和Z9-14∶AC与PxylOR4的结合。【结论】小菜蛾性信息素受体蛋白和性信息素结合蛋白在识别和结合性信息素分子方面存在明显差异,性信息素受体蛋白与性信息素反应更灵敏、形成的复合物更稳定。     

An unusual lepidopteran sex pheromone system in the bagworm moth

The female sex pheromone of the bagworm moth is (R)-1-methylbutyl decanoate. The antipode is biologically inactive and it neither enhances nor detracts from the potency of the R enantiomer. Unlike other moths for which female pheromones have been identified, the female secretes the pheromone from glands on her thorax and it is disseminated from hair that is shed from her body.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.     

利用性诱剂监测甘蔗条螟发生趋势

利用性诱剂对广东雷州地区甘蔗条螟的发生情况进行预测预报试验,研究条螟的发生趋势.多年测报结果表明,蔗田中甘蔗条螟的发生情况与温度和降雨量等有相关性,7～9月是诱蛾量高峰集中期,并指出该时期螟虫危害对产量、糖分影响的严重性.     

Hydrocarbon sex pheromone in tiger moths (Arctiidae)

2-Methylheptadecane is a sex pheromone compound in many sibling species of the Holomelina aurantiaca complex, in Holomelina laeta, and in Pyrrharctia isabella, which are all arctiids. Habitat preference, temporal distribution , and differing diurnal cycles help effect reproductive isolation among the species, but secondary sex pheromone chemicals are also suggested by the field studies.     

性信息素与赤眼蜂对甘蔗条螟的协同控制

为探索昆虫性信息素与寄生天敌对甘蔗螟虫的协同控制作用,利用螟虫性信息素监测甘蔗条螟的发生动态,利用螟虫性信息素干扰法、赤眼蜂、性信息素与赤眼蜂相结合的方法对甘蔗条螟进行防控,比较了螟害株、枯梢株和螟害节的防控效果。结果表明:性信息素干扰和赤眼蜂相结合对甘蔗条螟的综合防控效果最好,明显优于单独使用性信息素干扰或单独使用赤眼蜂寄生的防控效果,螟害株、枯梢株、螟害节与常规防控比较相对防效分别为31.70%、48.55%和40.93%。各处理区的捕食性天敌数量和螟卵寄生也显著高于常规防控区。     

Brain factor control of sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth

Sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth Heliothis zea is controlled by a hormonal substance produced in the female's brain. It is present in the brain in scotophase as well as photophase, but it is released into the hemolymph to stimulate pheromone production only in the scotophase. The stimulatory activity was also detected in the brains of male corn earworm moths and of other moths.     

红脂大小蠹信息素配方研究及诱杀效果

2002年5月、6月,在关帝林区西葫芦林场、三道川林场分别进行了红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonusvalens,Leconte)信息素配方、诱杀时间及诱杀效果试验。结果表明:5月中旬到6月中旬为最佳诱杀时期;使用β 蒎烯∶α 蒎烯∶3 蒈烯为1∶1∶1配方的信息素进行大面积诱杀,林木被害率下降64 4%,平均侵入孔数下降59 2%;红脂大小蠹(\%Dendroctonusvalens,Leconte)信息素成份以β 蒎烯∶α 蒎烯∶3 蒈烯为1∶1∶3或全部是3 蒈烯的两种配方为最佳配方;使用信息素诱杀红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonusvalens,Leconte)平均每667m2投资5 5元,省工省时防效好,可大面积推广应用。     

Development of a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula to control Euproctis pseudoconspersa

The tea tussock moth (Euproctis pseudoconspersa) is one of the most destructive chewing pests in tea plantations and causes a serious allergic reaction on the skin of tea plantation workers. The sex pheromone components of its Japanese population were first identified as 10,14-dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate (10Me14Me-15:iBu) and 14-methylpentadecyl isobutyrate (14Me-15:iBu), with a stereogenic center. Only 10Me14Me-15:iBu has been identified in the Chinese E. pseudoconspersa population. However, field tests have shown that 10Me14Me-15:iBu cannot meet the demand of effective pest control in China. To develop a high-efficiency E. pseudoconspersa sex pheromone formula, electroantennogram (EAG) recordings of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 10Me14Me-15:iBu and 14Me-15:iBu were obtained in the present study. The results demonstrated that the EAG responses of male antennae to (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher than responses to the (S)-enantiomers, and 14Me-15:iBu also elicited EAG activity. Field tests showed that the catch numbers of male moths by (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of (S)-enantiomers. Addition of 14Me-15:iBu significantly increased the catch numbers of both the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers. The efficient pheromone formula containing 0.75 mg (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu and 0.1 mg 14Me-15:iBu showed significantly higher attractiveness than commercial pheromone products. Our study demonstrated that (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu was the major sex pheromone component of E. pseudoconspersa, and 14Me-15:iBu might be the minor sex pheromone component. Furthermore, a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula for E. pseudoconspersa control was defined in this study.