用生活力预测种子发芽率相关性试验研究

为了快速确定发芽率 ,我们采用目前国际种子检验上较为通用的四唑染色法测定玉米种子生活力 ,并做了种子生活力与发芽率的相关性试验 ,对试验数据进行统计分析。1材料与方法2 0 0 1年以 8个玉米品种为材料 ,测定其生活力与发芽率 ,用相关分析法探讨生活力与发芽率之间的数量关系。测定生活力采用四唑染色法。每个玉米品种取种子 2份 ,每份 1 0 0粒 ,在 3 0℃的温水中浸种 3ｈ后 ,将种子取 1份纵切胚和大部分胚乳 ,取其一半浸于0 .1 %的四唑液中 ,在 3 5℃的条件下浸0 .5～ 1 .0ｈ ,然后取出逐粒检查 ,凡种胚均匀染成红色 ,为有生活力的种子 …     

23种热带及亚热带林木种子生活力的生物化学测定研究

对23种热带及亚热带林木种子用四唑生化测定方法测定了种子生活力,而且在实验室测定了其幼苗成苗率及幼苗性状,确定了前者与后者的相互关系。用四唑染色图型法(TZ图型法)鉴定种子生活力,并结合种子形态、解剖构造进行分析。在上述试验研究的基础上,提出了热带及亚热带树种各类型种子的四唑染色技术要点,确定了种子预处理方法、四唑浓度、染色温度、染色时间,制定了各类树种种子四唑鉴定标准。     

茄科蔬菜种子活力测定的研究

本试验选择茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒各3个品种，于1993年—1995年进行了活力测定的研究。结果表明：控制劣变测定法、盆栽幼苗检验法和发芽测定法在测定茄科3种作物的种子活力水平、判断种子的耐藏性方面是行之有效的方法；四唑（TTC）定量法、电导率测定法也可测定3种作物种子的活力水平，但不能反映种子个体活力水平，只能反映种子群体的活力水平。此外，本试验总结出了茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒种子在控制劣变测定种子活力时所要求的特定含水量，分别为22．0％、21．0％和19．0％。     

四唑染色法测定唐古特大黄种子生活力的研究

采用随机区组试验,研究四唑(2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride,缩写为TTC)染色法测定唐古特大黄种子生活力的方法.结果表明,TTC溶液浓度和染色时间对唐古特大黄种子胚的染色效果均具有显著影响,在30℃黑暗条件下,以0.20％ TTC溶液染色3h为生活力测定的最佳条件;同时,建立了四唑染色法测定唐古特大黄种子生活力的鉴定标准.     

四唑染色测定冬瓜种子生活力的研究

通过不同的预处理、预湿时间,四唑溶液浓度及染色时间的试验,首次摸索出用四唑染色法测定冬瓜种子生活力的技术。对无棱种子须采用除去内外种皮的预处理;对有棱种子则只需除去外种皮或切开种予。四唑液浓度以0.5％为宜,染色时间需达6小时,预处理后预湿时间达4小时即可。     

肉苁蓉种子生活力快速测定方法研究

采用单因素、多因素交互及正交试验设计等方法,对肉苁蓉种子生活力测定过程中的预处理方法四唑染色液浓度及pH值进行优化,初步建立了肉苁蓉种子生活力的快速测定技术,使测定程序简化、时间缩短,并确定38℃下去皮直接染色18 h的最适宜染色液pH值为6.4,TTC浓度为0.3%～1.0%.     

四唑染色法测定抗肿瘤中药半枝莲种子生活力的研究

采用染色全过程观察和正交试验方法研究了TTC浓度、染色温度和时间对半枝莲种子生活力的影响,探讨半枝莲种子生活力测定的最佳条件.结果表明:四唑染色法能够很好地检测半枝莲种子生活力,估测种子潜在的发芽能力.TTC浓度和染色时间在生活力测定中呈一定的线性关系.试验表明,30℃下浸种30 min待种子完全吸胀后,置于30～45℃黑暗条件下、TTC浓度0.5%,染色40～60 min为半枝莲种子生活力测定的最佳条件.     

四唑染色法快速测定任豆种子生活力的研究

根据四唑(2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride,缩写TTC)染色法测定种子生活力的原理,研究不同四唑溶液浓度,不同染色温度和不同染色时间对任豆种子生活力测定的影响,摸索出测定任豆种子生活力的最佳条件.结果表明,溶液浓度,染色温度,染色时间三者之间存在一定的关系,通过改变三之者中的一者或两者可以达到改变其它两者或一者的目的,因此,可根据实际需要来确定测定条件.比较四唑染色法测定任豆种子生活力的不同条件,本文提出:温度为25℃,浓度为0.5%,染色时间为7h是测定任豆种子生活力的最佳条件.     

应用三种抗菌素对清除玉米种子四唑染色切面白色沉淀效果的研究

本试验结果表明，在玉米种子四唑染色测定中用青霉素、红霉素和氯霉素三种抗菌素药液进行处理，可使种子染色切面产生白色沉淀物的种子百分率明显减少，并显著地提高了玉米种子四唑染色鉴定结果的清晰度和准确性。其处理效果因抗菌素种类和浓度的不同而有差异。一般随浓度的增加，处理效果也提高。最后结论，以用0.5％青霉素处理对清除四唑染色切面白色沉淀的效果最佳。     

种子生活力与发芽率相关性的研究

本试验以水稻、小麦、油菜种子为材料,用红四唑染色法、靛蓝染色法、红墨水染色法测定种子生活力,用普通发芽法测定种子发芽率,运用生物统计分析方法,计算出生活力(x)与发芽率(y)的相关系数r=0.972,为极显著的正相关,并求出回归方程:y=-21.211 1.204x,应用本公式,可从快速测定的种子生活力立即计算出相应的发芽率,为估算种子发芽率提供了快速、准确、方便的新方法。     

Combining ability of seed vigor and seed yield in soybean

Studies have shown no consensus in relationships between seed yield and vigor in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The lack of information regarding the inheritance of seed vigor prompted this study to determine the types of gene action and combining ability estimates for seed vigor and its related traits. Five high and six low seed vigor soybean genotypes were crossed in a diallel, and selfed to produce 55 F₂ progenies, which were examined, along with the parents, for seed vigor, yield, and seed weight. Significant genotype and environment effects were found for seed vigor and yield. General combining ability (GCA) effects for seed vigor and seed yield were significant (p≤ 0.01) and larger than specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Significant GCA and SCA effects were found for seed weight, indicating that both additive and non additive genetic effects were involved in conditioning seed weight. The ratios of mean square, 2GCA / (2GCA+SCA), were 0.96 for seed vigor and 0.93 for seed yield. These ratios indicated that additive gene effects were more important than non additive gene effects for seed vigor and seed yield in these crosses. Mean seed vigor(83.8%), as determined by accelerated aging germination, and mean seed yield (2,155 kg ha^-1)in high vigor × high vigor crosses were higher than the high vigor × low vigor and low vigor × low vigor crosses. Mean percent accelerated aging germination rates in F₂ populations from diallel crosses were significantly related to mid-parent seed vigor(r² = 0.52^**) and midparent seed size (r² = 0.31^**). These results indicated that levels of seed vigor can be improved through breeding, while maintaining high yields because of the predominance of GCA effects in both seed vigor and seed yield. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

棉种贮藏与种子活力

棉花杂交种的生产是一项技术要求高,人力物力投入大的工作.这也是杂交棉一直停留在试验示范阶段的重要原因之一.随着近年来棉花制种技术的不断改进和完善,种子生产成本已大大降低.     

完善种子加工工序提升企业竞争能力

现有种子加工工艺流程基本可以满足当前种子加工的需要；如何在此基础上完善种子加工工序，进一步提高种子质量，增强企业竞争能力是众多种子企业所面临的新的问题；笔者根据多年来从事种子加工工艺研究的经验，提出完善种子加工工序的思路，供相关种子加工企业学习、借鉴。     

把握种子商品特性 减少种子质量纠纷

实现作物生产目标,种子是内因,品种所要求适应的生产条件是外因,内因和外因密切配合才能达到作物生产目标.在市场经济条件下,作物生产目标一般是高产、优质和高经济效益.只有种子经营者和种子使用者对品种种子质量(尤其是其内在的生产性能和它所要求的生产条件)全面深刻掌握与认知,种子经营者重点对种子质量负责,种子使用者重点对满足品种(种子)要求的生产条件负责,农业职能部门重点对种子质量进行控制和对种子市场进行监管.三方相互支撑,就能从根本上防止种子纠纷的发生.     

完善种子执法体系 服务种子产业发展

<种子法>的颁布实施,标志着农作物种子管理工作提升至了法律的高度,农业行政主管部门成为法定的种子执法主体.随着种子产业化进程的推进,各类种子违法行为的手段也不断翻新.种子执法体系暴露出了一些亟需改进的问题.如何进一步完善种子执法体系,有效保护农业生产安全,维护农民、种子企业和科研单位的合法权益,是一个必须加以关注和解决的问题.     

Genetic control of seed weight and calcium concentration in chickpea seed

Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., is a staple protein source in many Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Hence, the mineral content of its seed, especially that of calcium, is of nutritional importance. Calcium is transported through plants and to legume pods almost exclusively via the xylem stream, with Ca accretion in developing seeds resulting primarily from diffusion of Ca from the adjoining pod wall. Thus, for seeds of differing surface‐to‐mass ratios, Ca concentration is expected to correlate inversely with seed weight. The relationship between seed weight and Ca concentration in chickpea seeds was studied using a range of germplasm and derivatives from crosses between types differing in seed Ca concentration. Among the cultivars tested, low seed mass was associated with high Ca concentration. However, the study of hybrid progeny indicated that seed Ca content was mainly determined by genetic factors other than grain weight genes. This finding may assist in future breeding of high nutritional quality chickpea cultivars.     

加快推进种子产业化 做大做强我国种业

分析了自"九五"实施种子工程以来,特别是《种子法》实施后,我国种子产业所取得的成就,以及当前我国种子产业所面临的挑战和产业发展存在的主要问题,并对存在问题提出解决对策和建议。     

重视种子检验确保种子质量

种子是农业生产最重要的有生命的生产资料。种子检验是良种繁育的重要环节,其质量标准化和品质标准化是种子安全贮藏的重要保证,种子公司通过种子检验可以测定其种用价值和制定合理的价格,同时也可以及时发现种子质量问题,及时采取补救措施,使种子达到质量标准。我国在种子质量检验方面有专业的《农作物种子质量检验规程》和《农作物种子质量标准》,同时《中华人民共和国种子法》明确规定:种子公司在申请办理种子经营许可证时,必须配备经省级及省级以上检验机构培训、合格后并取得检验员证的种子质量检验员,有相应的检验场所及相关的种子质…     

Temperature effects on seed germination and expression of seed dormancy in wheat

Because preharvest sprouting decreases quantity and quality of wheat grain, researchers need effective protocols to assess response to preharvest sprouting conditions. The aim of this study was to determine which temperature gives the greatest difference in seed germination and expression of seed dormancy in 10 spring wheat genotypes. The genotypes were grown in the field near Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 2000 in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Seed samples were harvested at approximately 25% moisture content (wet weight basis) and dried to 12% moisture content with minimal after-ripening. Germination was under controlled environment at temperatures of 10, 15, 20 and 30 °C in darkness. A weighted germination index (WGI) was calculated. The analysis of WGI, for each temperature, showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) genotype effects on germination. Most genotypes decreased in WGI (increased dormancy) as temperature was increased from 10 to 30 °C. The greatest differences in seed germination tended to be at 15 °C and 20 °C. The level of seed dormancy depended on the genotype and germination temperature. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多胺代谢和种子萌发

多胺作为一种生物活性物质广泛参与了植物的生长发育过程。种子萌发是植物个体发育的重要阶段。本文将以多胺参与种子萌发这一过程的代谢变化，并与植物激素的相互作用对种子萌发的影响作一综述。