菲律宾蛤仔土池人工育苗试验报告

于１９９５年５～８月，利用对虾养殖土池乾地菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗试验，将２００亩土 池经清淤，铺沙等改造后使用。作了蛤仔的亲贝蓄养，诱导产卵，受精孵化和浮游幼虫培养，获得附着稚贝平均为２３１０万粒／亩，面盘幼虫至附着稚贝的成活率为１１．６％，试验结果表明，在北方地区用土池培育蛤仔种苗是可行的。     

波纹巴非蛤亲贝两种促熟方法比较试验

在人工育苗的过程中,对亲贝进行促熟培育获得高质量受精卵是开展规模化育苗的关键。波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)亲贝存在性成熟同步率低、产卵不集中的问题,研究对波纹巴非蛤亲贝分别进行室内水泥池和室外土池人工暂养促熟培育,经5、10、15、20 d的暂养促熟培育后,采用阴干、流水刺激的方法诱导产卵,比较不同的暂养促熟方法和促熟培育时间对亲贝的性腺发育及催产效果的影响。结果表明:用室外土池人工促熟法,波纹巴非蛤亲贝性腺发育的成熟情况比室内水泥池促熟法好、死亡率低;且经室外土池人工促熟培育10 d,亲贝的性腺发育情况及催产效果最佳。     

青蛤的育苗技术

青蛤[Cyclinasinesis（Gmelin）],俗称黑蛤、羊蹄蛤等,是生活于潮间带的理栖型双壳贝类,为黄渤海常见种。其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,生长快,经济价值较高,是颇具发展前途的养殖贝类。为促进青蛤养殖业的发展,笔者将青蛤的育苗技术介绍如下。1半人工育苗半人工育苗是指在室外土池（或滩涂）对亲贝蓄养、育肥,育肥后期在室内进行强化培育,然后在室内进行亲贝的人工催产,人为控制条件孵化受精卵,培养浮游幼虫至出现眼点或附着变态后,再将幼虫从室内水泥地移到室外土地中进行稚贝的培育。1．1受精卵的获取这一育苗过程室内工作的关键是…     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产试验

利用26000m2(39亩)和31349m2(47亩)2个养虾池,分别移入在室内培育的菲律宾蛤仔壳顶后期幼虫和双水管稚贝各80亿粒和9.7亿粒,经土池中间培育、越冬后,共生产出2 000-3 000粒／500g幼贝7.9亿粒,成活率分别达到4.5％和4.3％。     

美国硬壳蛤人工育苗技术研究(二)

美国硬壳蛤为中科院海洋所从美国引进的新贝类养殖品种,在国内尚无大规模育苗与养殖.我们于2003年进行了室内规模化人工育苗与室外保苗的自选课题研究工作,通过对硬壳蛤亲贝的性腺促熟培育,了解和掌握美国硬壳蛤的性腺成熟规律.通过对受精卵的孵化和幼体的发育进行探索,初步掌握了幼体发育的一般规律,为以后进行大规模生产提供可行性借鉴.     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中问培育及越冬生产试验

利用26000m^2(39亩)和31349m^2(47亩)2个养虾池，分别移入在室内培育的菲律宾蛤仔壳顶后期幼虫和双水管稚贝各80亿粒和9．7亿粒，经土池中间培育、越冬后，共生产出2000—3000粒／500g幼贝7．9亿粒，成活率分别达到4．5％和4．3％。     

硬壳蛤人工育苗技术总结

对美国硬壳蛤亲贝进行了人工育苗试验。通过对育苗期各阶段的观察测定,对温度、饵料、水质、盐度等方面进行了研究。2004年6月21日共获得稚贝总量15．03亿粒。     

美国硬壳蛤工厂化人工育苗技术

美国硬壳蛤（Mercenaria）属双壳类,帘蛤科,为广盐性贝类,生长速度快,一年即可达到性成熟。其营养丰富,市场价值高。由硬壳蛤提取的蛤素具有很高的医用价值,深受世界各地消费者的欢迎。2004年我站引进该蛤进行池塘养殖试验获得成功,2005～2006年开始进行工厂化人工育苗试验,现将其人工育苗的主要技术介绍如下,供参考。     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种高密度培育技术

菲律宾蛤仔的苗种生产，经历了土池半人工采苗、土池全人工育苗，发展到今天的工厂化车间内全人工育苗。工厂化车间育苗极大地满足了养殖生产需要，幼体培育密度可达到150个／ml左右，最高可达到200个／ml，保苗成活率达30％以上，     

贝类育苗技术之一美国硬壳蛤人工育苗技术总结

美国硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)又称小圆蛤、北方帘蛤或美洲帘蛤。该贝属广温、广盐性种类,对环境耐性强,适应于不同底质养殖,生长速度较我国产的文蛤快,2周年即可达到壳长50mm以上的商品规格。为增加南通市海洋贝类养殖品种,挖掘广阔的浅海与滩涂潜力,同时也为发展规模化硬壳蛤增养殖提供种苗资源,笔者与浙江省海洋水产研究所合作,引进美国硬壳蛤亲贝,在江苏省如东县大豫镇某育苗基地,进行人工育苗试验。现将有关具体技术工作情况总结如下:     

双齿围沙蚕苗种培育与生态养殖试验报告

针对养殖生产中所存在的关键问题,采取了亲体移植蓄养、强化培育、集中同步产卵技术,运用现代生物技术采取综合生态养殖技术,从而实现双齿围沙蚕苗种培育与生态养殖的规模化生产。2003-2004年连续2年土池育苗均获得成功,其中2004年平均每平方米出苗11刚节以上幼沙蚕3 646条;2004年沙蚕蓄水养殖83．33 hm2(1 250亩),每667 m2 放养幼沙蚕6万-8万条,平均每667m2产沙蚕134．9 kg,获利3 155．2元。     

Preliminary studies on a chlamydial agent in the digestive diverticular epithelium of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) from Great South Bay, New York

Abstract. The prevalence of a chlamydial infection in hatchery-reared adult hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York was relatively high and seasonally stable. Infection occurred early in life while juvenile clams were still within the hatchery. Fluorescent antibody tests suggested that the clam agent shares the group antigen specific for chlamydia, but to a lesser degree than a known chlamydial strain used as a positive control. The method of Gimenez failed to stain elementary bodies in clam cell inclusion bodies. Based on the observations of this study, the inclusion body agent in the hard clam differs from known strains of chlamydia. Characterization of the clam chlamydia must await the successful propagation of the agent.     

不同繁育方式蟹苗对1龄蟹种培育效果的影响

采用♀亲蟹平均规格分别为158.9g、132.8g,♂亲蟹平均规格为180g、150g两种群体繁育的蟹苗培育的1龄蟹种,其群体规格分别为128只/kg、160只/kg。在面积相同、放养密度相同、饲养条件相同的条件下,采用天然海水土池繁育的蟹苗培育的1龄蟹种成活率为5.1%、亩产蟹种8064只;而采用天然海水工厂化繁育的蟹苗,育种成活率为2.24%、亩产蟹种3609只;在蟹苗来源相同、饲养管理相同,培育池面积为19亩的培育池蟹种产量低于面积5亩的池塘。     

Exotic hard clam in Tokyo Bay identified as Mercenaria mercenaria by genetic analysis

ABSTRACT:   An exotic hard clam has been observed in Tokyo Bay since the mid-1990s, which has been morphologically identified as Mercenaria mercenaria . The authors have determined 444-bp partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene of 31 hard clam individuals collected in three locations of Tokyo Bay. Phylogenetic analysis indicated all individuals to be M. mercenaria . Two shell interior colorations (white or purple) were observed, but no relationships between the colorations and mtDNA haplotypes were detected. Frequency of clam individuals having white or purple shell significantly differed among locations, which was accompanied by heterogeneous amounts of acid-volatile sulfides and organic matter and mud ratio.     

Conchiolin infection and surface coating Vibrio: shell fragility, growth depression and mortalities in cultured oysters and clams, Crassostrea virginica, Ostrea edulis and Mercenaria mercenaria

Abstract. A disease of cultured juvenile European oyster, Ostrea edulis , and American oysters, Crassostrea virginica , was characterized by infection of conchiolinous ligament and periostracum by surface-coating Vibrio spp. bacteria. A similar bacterium was isolated from diseased cultured hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria , held in a facility about 300 km distance from the oyster hatcheries. The oysters demonstrated fragile, undercalcified peripheral shell and apparently excessive chalky deposits. Histological and scanning electron microscopical examination revealed that the oysters' eroded ligaments and perforated peripheral periostracum were infected with uniform rod-shaped bacteria. The infection appeared to interfere with normal proteinaceous and calcareous shell deposition and possibly with normal ligament function. Histological examination of the digestive system organs suggested that normal digestive processes were also interrupted. Two predominant bacteria were isolated from oyster samples and one predominant bacterium was isolated from clam samples. One of the isolates from oyster culture facilities was found almost exclusively associated with oyster shell surfaces and culture tank surfaces, this isolate was similar to the one taken from clam shell surfaces. The other predominant bacterium was found in water column samples in oyster culture facilities at levels from about 10⁵ to 10⁷ per ml. This isolate had a DNA base ratio (moles % G + C) of 43.6; the two surface-associated isolates had base ratios of 43.6 and 44.5%. These Gram-negative, oxidase positive, fermentive rods have been identified as a Vibrio spp. group. Specific antibody was produced which differentiated these bacteria from each other and from other similar isolates. Practical procedures for controlling the bacteria in shellfish culture systems are described.     

对虾、青蟹、江篱混养试验研究

本试验研究改良了池塘水质环境,预防了疾病的发生和避免了虾蟹相残,使以虾为主的虾、蟹、藻混养试验池与对虾单养对照池的对虾成活率大体接近,实现亩均综合产量222.05kg,亩均产值6985.13元,亩均盈利2472.61元,是一种高产、优质、高效的多元化养殖模式。     

养鳗池塘生态系统中矿物元素及其影响因素

对比分析了6口处于不同养殖阶段的日本鳗鲡(Anguill japonica)池塘水体、水源、底泥及饲料中的矿物元素,探讨了池塘生态系统中矿物元素的主要影响因素和生产管理对策,结果表明:1)养鳗池塘水体矿物元素与所处养殖阶段投入饲料的品种相关,底泥中矿物元素部分在养殖过程中积累而来;2)主成分分析结果表明钙、镁、铝元素是...     

美洲帘蛤软体部营养成分分析及评价

美洲帘蛤Mercenariamercenaria(Linnaeus,1758)又称硬壳蛤、北方帘蛤或小圆蛤,原产地分布在美国佛罗里达州Cawrence湾,墨西哥湾,加利福尼亚Hamboldt湾到英格兰海域,与我国的文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)同属帘蛤科,是一种生长快,适应能力强,适温、适盐范围广,经济价值高的大型双壳贝类[1,2]。目前生产性人工育苗已成功[3],2000年山东省海洋水产研究所由美国引入种贝,2001和2002年连续两年成功地进行了工厂化育苗,滩涂养殖正在逐步走向规模化。本文对美洲帘蛤软体部做了比较全面的营养成分测定分析,并与贻贝等多种双壳贝类进行了比较[4],旨在为…     

日本对虾育苗,养成,加工技术研究

对日本对虾亲虾运输，消毒暂养，催熟，幼体培育，养成，捕捞和活虾运输等全程技术进行了开发。１９９６年５００ｍ＾３育苗水体育出对虾苗４５００万尾，获得利８０余万元；８００亩精养池产虾１万ｋｇ，获利５０余万元，经济效益可观。