In vitro isolation and characterization of bovine Neospora caninum in Korea

The brains of nine aborted bovine fetuses and two newborn calves born from dams suspected to be infected with Neospora caninum were homogenized and inoculated into Vero cells. All fetuses and calves were from cows determined as seropositive to N. caninum by an IFA test. Sera and thoracic fluids of all fetuses and calves also revealed high antibody titer to N. caninum by IFAT ranging from 1:800 to 1:3200. N. caninum was isolated from the brains of one aborted fetus and one newborn calf when the brain homogenates were grown continuously in Vero cell culture. N. caninum tachyzoites, giemsa-positive, were first observed on Days 45 and 56 postinoculation in the newborn calf and the aborted fetus, respectively. The isolates (KBA-1 and KBA-2) were morphologically and ultrastructurally similar to previously published Neospora isolates. The isolated parasites were confirmed as N. caninum by means of the antigenic reactivities, immunostaining, PCR and southern blotting, and electron microscopy.     

2型猪链球菌强毒株与非致病株胞外蛋白的比较蛋白质组初步研究

为建立2型猪链球菌(S.suis 2)胞外蛋白组双向电泳样品的制备方法,本研究利用双向电泳(2-DE):分离S.suis 2强毒株与无致病株的胞外蛋白,分别得到它们的胞外蛋白图谱.在pH4～pH7范围内采用考马斯亮蓝R350染色法在2菌株的胞外蛋白质图谱中都分别检测出180±10个蛋白点.并且它们的蛋白质分子质量分布基本相似;在所检测到差异蛋白点中,其中有50个蛋白点只存在于无致病菌株中而强毒株中不存在,有52个蛋白点只存在于强毒株中而无致病菌株中不存在,有7个蛋白点在2菌株中的表达量相差5倍以上.我们在强毒株凝胶中挑取了10个差异蛋白点进行质谱分析,通过数据库检索,鉴定了其中的9个蛋白,另外1种与鞭毛蛋白有同源序列.这些结果为研究S.suis2的致病机理提供了蛋白质组学方面的信息.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E，Etenella）马杜拉霉素抗药株和敏感株孢子化卵囊的蛋白质差异分析

利用双向电泳技术，对本实验室诱导保存的柔嫩艾美耳球虫马杜拉霉素抗药株与敏感株的蛋白质表达图谱进行差异比较和分析，发现两者之间差异有4个蛋白质斑点，利用MALDI—TOF—TOF质谱技术对3个差异明显的蛋白质斑点进行分析鉴定，获得3个明确的肽质量指纹图谱，通过在NCBInr数据库中检索分析，确定了其中1种蛋白质为球虫子孢子表面抗原TA4。另外2种蛋白质与疟原虫的Pfjl和线粒体转运蛋白受体Tom40具有很高的同源性，上述蛋白的鉴定将对球虫的抗药性产生机理和柔嫩艾美耳球虫马杜拉霉素抗药株的分之标志物提供了研究方向。     

家蚕幼虫消化液蛋白质组学分析

为了研究家蚕幼虫消化液的蛋白质组成情况,用双向电泳(2-DE)技术对家蚕幼虫消化液中的蛋白质进行了分离,随后用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALD I-TOF MS)对其中的8个高丰度蛋白进行了鉴定,并用生物信息学方法进行了分析。结果显示:家蚕幼虫消化液中的蛋白质种类较少,分子量小,分布集中;在8个鉴定的蛋白点中,1个是30kP蛋白酶A原,5个是类胰蛋白酶,其它2个是碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶。     

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核蛋白质组双向电泳方法的建立

蛋白质样品的双向电泳分离效果受各种试验条件的影响较大,针对不同来源的蛋白样品进行试验条件的优化可获得具有较高分辨率的双向电泳图谱。试验拟建立优化的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核蛋白质双向电泳分离体系,按标准条件对蛋白质进行双向电泳分离,并对关键因素进行优化,采集电泳图谱并分析双向电泳图谱中蛋白斑点的数量、图像分辨率及背景条纹的变化。通过对试验条件的筛选和优化,成功建立了具有较高分辨率的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核蛋白质组双向电泳分离体系。     

牦牛卵泡液差异蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的构建与质谱分析

从蛋白质水平了解牦牛季节性繁殖规律,利用双向电泳与质谱鉴定技术分析牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质组分变化。以青海高原牦牛卵泡液与血浆为研究对象,采用双向电泳技术构建牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质双向电泳图谱,银染后利用Image Master 2D Platinum软件分析并采用MALDI-TOF-MS进行质谱鉴定。用试剂盒ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG Removal Kit去除高丰度蛋白质后,利用2-DE技术获得了分辨率较高的卵泡液与血浆蛋白质电泳图谱,卵泡液与血浆蛋白质图谱对比分析共发现了24个差异表达蛋白质点,其中2个蛋白质点表达上调,22个蛋白质点表达下调。经质谱分析,最终成功鉴定出8个蛋白质点、5个未知蛋白质点。本研究成功构建了蛋白质图谱及分离鉴定的差异蛋白质,为从蛋白质水平揭示牦牛卵泡发育规律及了解卵母细胞发育的微环境提供了试验依据。     

家蚕绵茧突变品系中部丝腺的差异蛋白组学分析

为了获取与家蚕绵茧突变形成相关蛋白质的基础信息,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术对结茧性状具有明显差异的正常茧、绵茧、丝胶茧3个家蚕品系5龄期幼虫中部丝腺不同区段的蛋白质进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,图谱中的蛋白点主要集中在分子质量14～70 kD、等电点(pI)4～9的区域。采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对部分表达量差异显著的蛋白点进行鉴定,获得35种可信的蛋白质,绵茧突变品系与正常茧、丝胶茧品系相比表达量有显著差异的蛋白质包括参与能量代谢、蛋白质合成等生物学过程的功能蛋白质,其中丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂16(serpin16)和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂18(serpin18)可能与家蚕绵茧突变形成相关。     

二化性家蚕卵低温和常温催青的胚胎期蛋白质表达差异分析

家蚕二化性品种的滞育性受上代胚胎期环境条件调控,查找家蚕胚胎期滞育关联蛋白,可为最终阐明家蚕滞育的分子机制提供实验依据。以家蚕二化性品种秋丰的蚕卵为材料,分别在25℃常温和18℃低温条件下催青,提取胚胎不同发育时期蚕卵的易溶性和难溶性蛋白,采用蛋白质双向电泳(2-DE)和图像分析技术,研究蚕卵在胚胎不同发育时期的蛋白质差异表达谱。在易溶性和难溶性蛋白图谱中分别检测到5个和7个差异显著的蛋白点。对这些差异蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,有8个蛋白点得到可信的最佳匹配蛋白报告,共鉴定出卵特异蛋白、卵黄原蛋白、表皮蛋白和丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4种蛋白。这些差异表达蛋白可能导致蚕卵胚胎中物质代谢和能量代谢的不同,据此推测低温和常温催青可能在蚕卵胚胎中诱导了不同的生理生化反应。     

Effect of nano‐sized,elemental selenium supplement on the proteome of chicken liver

The nano‐sized (100–500 nm) selenium has higher bioavailability and relatively lower toxicity compared to other selenium forms. The objective of the present study was to compare liver proteome profiles of broiler chicken fed with control diet without Se supplementation and diet supplemented with nano‐Se with 4.25 mg/kg DM. Differential proteome analyses were performed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) followed by tryptic digestion and protein identification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Seven hundred and eight spots were detected, and 18 protein spots showed significant difference in their intensity (p < 0.05) between the two groups. In response to nano‐Se supplementation, the expression of 8 proteins was higher, and 5 proteins were lower in nano‐Se supplemented group compared to control group. The functions of the differentially expressed proteins indicate that the high dose of selenium supplementation induced a dietary stress. Selenium supplementation may influence the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates and antioxidant system, and increase the quantity of cytoskeletal actin and the expression of actin regulatory protein as well.     

奶牛乳腺组织亚细胞组分的双向凝胶电泳分析

利用超速离心结合梯度离心法分离亚细胞组分的技术路线,以提高奶牛乳腺组织蛋白双向凝胶电泳的分离效率。奶牛乳腺组织液氮研磨破碎后,差速离心分离成细胞核、线粒体、高尔基体、溶酶体4个亚细胞组分,Nyco-denz纯化,2-DE分离蛋白,PDQUest8.0软件分析凝胶图谱。结果显示,奶牛乳腺组织细胞经亚细胞分离后,电泳分辨率大大提高,特别是细胞核蛋白质检出效率明显提高。不同亚细胞蛋白质组电泳图谱的差异显示了其蛋白质组构成的不同。由此可见超速离心结合梯度离心是一种有效的奶牛乳腺亚细胞组分分离手段,亚细胞蛋白质组学克服了蛋白质组的一些缺陷并可将蛋白质组研究引向亚细胞水平。     

新城疫病毒人工感染鹅脾脏差异表达蛋白质组初步分析

脾脏是新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)感染的重要靶器官,本试验旨在从分子水平上分析NDV与宿主之间的相互作用,探寻早期基因Ⅳ型强毒Herts/33和晚期基因Ⅶ型强毒JS5/05造成鹅脾脏病变差异的相关蛋白。30日龄非免疫鹅分别人工感染NDV强毒株Herts/33和JS5/05,并于感染后36、72、108h采集2个感染组和对照组的鹅脾脏,提取脾脏蛋白,以17cm、pH5～8的IPG胶条进行二维电泳,运用PDQuest 8.0.1软件对凝胶图谱进行差异蛋白分析。结果显示:与对照组相比,Herts/33感染组和JS5/05感染组脾脏组织分别有154个和148个蛋白出现了显著的差异表达,其中有86个蛋白点是不同感染组共有的差异点,包括52个感染后上调表达蛋白点,34个下调表达蛋白点;另外,有130个差异蛋白点为NDV感染鹅后不同毒株之间产生的差异表达,包括71个感染后上调表达蛋白点,59个下调表达蛋白点。基因Ⅳ型NDV强毒和基因Ⅶd亚型NDV强毒分别感染鹅后,能引起宿主脾脏组织蛋白表达谱发生不同的改变,这为进一步研究Ⅶd亚型NDV对水禽致病性增强的机制提供了重要线索。     

绵羊精浆蛋白质组2-DE图谱的构建及初步分析

本研究比较了丙酮沉淀法制备蛋白质不同上样量对绵羊精浆蛋白质二维电泳图谱的影响。结果显示,精浆总蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳,得到分子质量在14.4~116 ku的28条蛋白质条带。二维电泳图经PDQuest 8.0分析,上样量为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg时检测出的蛋白质点分别为207±10、281±13和374±16个,分子质量基本分布在20~80 ku、等电点为4~9的区域内,随着上样量的增加,分子质量在20~80 ku的蛋白质点明显增多,但每个分子质量区间的蛋白质点所占的比率较为恒定。研究结果表明,采丙酮沉淀制备精浆蛋白结合合适的上样量能够建立绵羊精浆全蛋白质图谱,为进一步研究绵羊精浆蛋白质组学奠定基础。     

Alterations in the bovine bronchoalveolar lavage proteome induced by dexamethasone

Stressors such as transportation, weaning and co-mingling increase susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia in cattle and are associated with elevated levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. To determine the effect of glucocorticoids on the proteins expressed in the fluid lining the respiratory tract, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on cattle treated with dexamethasone or saline and proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant changes in expression were observed for 9 of the 363 detected spots, and the identities of these proteins were determined by mass spectrometry. Consistent with the initiation of an acute phase response, the expression of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and alpha-1-antitrypsin was increased and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin) was decreased in the BAL fluid of dexamethasone-treated cattle. In addition, dexamethasone induced the expression of two hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and odorant binding protein (OBP), as well as the proteins alpha-enolase, cofilin-1 and immunoglobulin J chain. OBP mRNA expression in bronchial biopsies was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and the 6-fold higher levels of expression observed in dexamethasone- versus saline-treated animals correlated with the changes observed in OBP protein level. These findings demonstrate glucocorticoid-dependent changes in the protein composition of the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory tract, identifying proteins potentially integral to respiratory disease susceptibility.     

基于双向电泳技术研究湖羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组差异

试验旨在分析绵羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组的差异，揭示绵羊不同泌乳阶段的乳蛋白质组特征。选用6只胎次相同、预产期相近的湖羊母羊，分别采集分娩后第1、3、7天的初乳和第14、28、56天的常乳，每个时间点采集6份奶样并等体积混合，离心弃去乳脂肪，采用双向电泳（2-DE）技术对初乳和常乳的脱脂乳蛋白进行比较分析。结果发现，初乳中乳蛋白含量较高，且随着泌乳期的延伸，乳蛋白含量降低。以第1天乳蛋白2-DE图谱为参照，第3天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有20个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第3天图谱中，其余17个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第7天检测到35个差异蛋白点，其中有19个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第7天图谱中，其余15个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第14天检测到34个差异蛋白点，其中有11个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第14天图谱中，其余22个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第28天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有28个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第28天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第56天检测到36个差异蛋白点，其中有26个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第56天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异。综上，共检测出44个差异表达的蛋白点，其中有8个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，而这些蛋白主要涉及免疫活性功能。     

基于二维凝胶电泳分析健康泌乳奶牛血浆蛋白质组的个体差异

为了分析奶牛血浆蛋白质存在的个体差异,以合理选择牛血浆蛋白质组研究中试验奶牛的样本数。试验采集了临床健康的泌乳早期的初产中国荷斯坦奶牛的血液,分离血浆蛋白后用二维凝胶电泳技术分离,考马斯亮蓝G-250染色后,对分离形态好的56个蛋白点的表达丰度进行分析。结果发现,蛋白点的变异系数在8.7%～59.6%之间,且有5个蛋白点的丰度变异系数较大（35%～59.6%）,用液相色谱串联离子阱质谱分析后,3个蛋白点获得有效鉴定,为转甲状腺素蛋白、载脂蛋白A1和α1酸性糖蛋白。方差分析结果表明,当样本数≥4时可有效降低组内样本间的个体差异。因此,奶牛血浆蛋白的表达存在个体差异,本试验为奶牛血浆蛋白质组研究中合理选择样本数量提供了依据。     

Antigenic relationship among field isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus from cattle

Analysis of protein and antigen profiles of Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from cattle from 5 western states was accomplished by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and fluorography techniques. Total protein profiles of all isolates were compared by Coomassie brilliant blue staining of T foetus protein samples prepared by 4 protein-extraction methods. Antigenic tritrichomonas proteins were identified by immunoblot assay with polyclonal bovine or rabbit anti-T foetus serum. Additionally, [14C]glucosamine-labeled T foetus was used for total and antigenic glycoprotein analyses. Detectable differences in the composition of total proteins or antigenic tritrichomonal proteins were not observed among all isolates. However, intensity differences in some antigenic protein bands were apparent. Bovine and rabbit sera from immunized animals possessed antibodies to the same antigenic tritrichomonal proteins. Each T foetus isolate contained 4 to 7 molecular weight size classes of glycoprotein, which were labeled by [14C]glucosamine; however, only 3 to 4 glycoproteins were identified as antigens by bovine or rabbit antiserum.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒蛋白质组双向电泳方法的建立及优化

为建立高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)蛋白质组双向电泳方法,本研究通过对HP-PRRSV蛋白样品提取、裂解、一向等电聚程序、上样量、染色试剂、显色时间等条件优化,建立了有效的HP-PRRSV蛋白质组学双向电泳方法。优化结果表明采用冻融-超声-裂解提取样品,结合2-D clean-up试剂盒纯化蛋白,按上样量为200μg,采用硝酸银染色,显色6 min,选择适宜的一向等电聚焦参数,能获得分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱。HP-PRRSV蛋白质组双向电泳方法的建立,为开展该病毒蛋白质组和免疫蛋白质组研究奠定了基础。     

家蚕滞育卵浸酸后易溶性蛋白的表达差异分析

探明浸酸解除家蚕卵滞育的关联蛋白,可为改进和提高蚕种的人工孵化技术提供理论依据。以经2.5℃冷藏45 d的家蚕品种"7.湘×9.芙"滞育卵为材料,采用双向凝胶电泳和图像分析技术,比较浸酸与未浸酸蚕卵易溶性蛋白的差异变化。在未浸酸蚕卵的双向电泳图谱中共检测到523个蛋白质斑点,其中特异性蛋白质斑点41个;浸酸卵共检测到526个蛋白质斑点,其中特异性蛋白质斑点44个。浸酸与未浸酸蚕卵能相互匹配的蛋白质斑点有482对,匹配率91.897%。经对比分析,浸酸活化后的蚕卵蛋白出现了一些特异性的蛋白质斑点,或某些蛋白质斑点在含量上出现了差异变化。     

Effect of condensed tannin ingestion in sheep and goat parotid saliva proteome

Saliva appears as a defence mechanism, against potential negative effects of tannins, in some species of animals which have to deal with these plant secondary metabolites in their regular diets. This study was carried out to investigate changes in parotid saliva protein profiles of sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus), induced by condensed tannin ingestion. Five Merino sheep and five Serpentina goats were maintained on a quebracho tannin enriched diet for 10 days. Saliva was collected through catheters inserted on parotid ducts and salivary proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted Laser desorption ionization - time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify the proteins whose expression levels changed after tannin consumption. Although no new proteins appeared, quebracho tannin consumption increased saliva total protein concentration and produced changes in the proteome of both species. While some proteins were similarly altered in both species parotid salivary protein profile, sheep and goats also presented species-specific differences in response to tannin consumption.     

家蚕5龄第3天幼虫头部组织蛋白质双向电泳及质谱鉴定

家蚕幼虫头部有单眼、触角、口器、脑等取食和感觉的中心器官及坚硬的外壳。提取家蚕5龄第3天幼虫头部组织蛋白质进行双向电泳,经银染检测到654个蛋白点,这些蛋白的分子质量主要分布在15～97 kD之间,等电点(pI)在4～8之间;在pH 3～4和9～10的区域,也有较多的蛋白质被检测到,但该区域高丰度的蛋白质数量较少。对丰度较高的100个蛋白点进行基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)分析,有52个蛋白质被鉴定,其中有21个酶类相关的蛋白,占被鉴定总蛋白质数的40.4%,其它蛋白质主要包括表皮蛋白、气味结合相关蛋白、肌肉相关蛋白等。研究结果可为家蚕幼虫头部组织的功能分析提供蛋白质水平的信息数据。