公猪尿道结石膀胱造口术

对公猪的尿道结石，近几年来不采取尿道切开取石法，而是采取将膀胱、腹膜、肌肉一起缝于皮肤上的膀胱造口术，即膀胱造瘘术治疗法，取得了良好的效果。方法：将病猪横卧保定，在髋结节正下方腹底皮肤较薄处剪毛、消毒，依次切开皮肤、肌肉、腹膜，显露膀胱之后，先将充满尿的膀胱用１６号针头放掉尿液，再将膀胱、腹膜、肌肉依次连续缝于皮肤切口的边缘上，使缝合处成轮环状。然后在轮环状缝合线中间切开膀胱，放出残存的尿液，取出膀胱内的结石，并将膀胱切口边缘再与皮肤边缘连续缝合，使之形成膀胱瘘。最后向腹腔内注入青霉素、术部涂消…     

家兔膀胱脱出的治疗

在生产实践中，经常遇到牛、羊、马、猪、兔等家畜的直肠、子宫及阴道脱出，尤其多发生于分娩前后的母畜，而家畜的膀胱脱出则极为少见。近日，笔者在四川成都一獭兔养殖场遇见一例，经过正确的诊治和精心的护理，患兔很快恢复正常。现将病情及治疗情况介绍如下：     

Dermafuse组织粘合剂在犬膀胱颈与尿道断端吻合中的初步应用

为了探索摘除前列腺后膀胱颈与尿道断端吻合的简便安全方法,试验选择6月龄、体重4.0~5.5 kg的健康本地公犬3只,在摘除前列腺后使用Dermafuse组织粘合剂粘合膀胱颈与尿道断端,并依次缝合皮下组织和皮肤。结果表明:3只试验犬无排尿不畅或漏尿现象,粘合效果可靠,尿道无明显狭窄或堵塞;术后3个月剖检试验犬,发现膀胱颈与尿道连接处有较多结缔组织增生,医用胶部分吸收;膀胱颈与尿道断端愈合情况良好,有瘢痕组织和增生,而吻合处黏膜未完全融合。说明医用胶代替缝线应用于犬前列腺摘除术中的尿道断端吻合操作简便,粘接效果牢靠,可避免术后尿漏和梗阻。     

膀胱造瘘术在山羊尿结石病的临床救治

<正>现代医学膀胱造瘘手术是对临床上无法顺畅排尿的患者进行的一种手术治疗，从下腹部插管到膀胱内引流尿液，避免持续性排尿困难，反复炎症，甚至尿潴留。做了膀胱造瘘手术后，应该尽早预防感染，治疗可以多喝一些水或者使用一些药物来抗感染治疗。南方圈养山羊容易诱发尿道结石、膀胱结石、尿路堵塞，尿潴留，严重威胁瘘患羊的生命安全。膀胱造瘘术在兽医临床上可用于圈养山羊尿结石的手术治疗，借鉴膀胱造瘘术医学临床经验，运用膀胱造瘘术，     

狗膀胱内诱导术培育狗宝

狗膀胱内诱导术培育狗宝谢连瑞（辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所，阜新１２３０００）人工培育狗宝的方法，大体上有三四种，但经过多次试验筛选，唯有对狗实施膀胱内诱导手术，并紧密配合药物喂饲法成宝率高，产量亦高。１选狗一般选５～８个月、体重３ｋｇ以上的小狗，性别...     

猪膀胱造口术成功

<正> 近几年,本人对两只因尿结石而引起膀胱破裂的架子公猪,进行了膀胱修补术和膀胱造口术,获得成功。术后猪能正常育肥出售。现将手术介绍如下: 患猪采用仰卧保定,术前注射镇痛药安乃近,术部常规消毒。手术部位选在下腹部,从     

黄牛膀胱平滑肌瘤癌变1例

笔者在六盘水市食品公司屠宰场的宰后检验中发现的一例是牛的膀胱平滑肌的上皮组织和间皮组织同时产生的癌变。现介绍如下 :1　医检形态学变化该牛为 4岁的母黄牛 ,消瘦 ,净肉为 41 5ｋｇ,膀胱重142 0ｇ ,比正常大 5～ 6倍 ,挤压内无尿液 ,似装有脂肪的包囊 ,手触之有柔软感。切开内有少量尿液 ,肿瘤组织占据整个膀胱腔 ,瘤组织互相挤压 ,契合 ,有呈“豆点”型葡萄串外观 ,呈菜花样 ,脑髓样。瘤组织为乳白色夹有少量的浅红色 ,并拌有少量的出血和坏死灶。部份瘤组织为质硬的大乳头状和不规则的团块状 ,部份拌有胶冻样水肿 ,膀胱壁增厚为1ｃ…     

两例奶牛膀胱脱的诊治

奶牛膀胱脱出在生产实践中极为罕见，有关方面的报道也很少，发生后由于脱出的膀胱组迅速充血、坏死，故一般预后不良或预后谨慎。者曾经遇到过两例，一例是临产牛，因被无经验饲养员误认为是胞衣强制撕裂后被迫淘汰：一是干奶牛，经复位后治愈。现将该病的临床症、诊断、治疗方法和预防措施介绍如下。这织笔的例状     

膀胱造瘘治疗猪尿道诸症

猪尿结石病及尿道炎病在我县发病率较高。从临床实践中探索出简易的治疗方法一膀胱造瘘术,治愈103例,无一复发,现报告如下。 一、适应症 尿道结石,膀胱结石,尿道炎,尿道阻塞等。 二、术部的选择和准备 仰卧保定。在白线左或右3厘米,距耻骨5—8厘米为术区。剪毛、常规消毒。     

兔膀胱积尿的防治

兔的膀胱是由粘膜层、肌层及外膜层所构成的，它不具备吸收与分泌功能，仅能起着暂时储存尿液作用的袋状体，在一般情况下很少发生原发性疾病，至于家兔发生此病更是罕见，笔者从事多年的养兔工作中也仅见数例，现将所见情况简述如下：１发病原因１１尿道狭窄由于种种原...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein