目标管理与过程管理相结合实现有机化学有效教学方法的探索

本论文从有效教学的理念出发,以学生发展为主旨,改革有机化学课程的教学管理模式,将教学目标管理与教学过程管理相结合,提升管理成效,实现激发学生学习兴趣、增强学生自主学习能力,提高课程教学效率,真正完成有机化学课程教与学的总体目标。     

中等职业院校机电类《液压与气动技术》课程教学改革探索

中等职业学校的学生知识水平存在较大差异,《液压与气动传动技术》课程具有很强的实践性,传统教学模式不利于中等职业学校学生能力的培养,本人通过对该课程教学过程中的体会,以培养学生的应用能力为目标,探索了该课程新的教学目标、教学内容、教学手段、考核方式等方面的教学改革,提出了该课程教学的改革方向,以提高教学效果,激发学生的创新思维。     

高等教育网络课程教学设计探究

高校实施网络课程能激发学生的自主学习热情,培养学生的探究能力和创新能力。网络课程教学设计首先要明确在网络课程中的教与学的关系,确立教学目标,了解网络课程中学生的学习心理,有针对性地实施网络课程教学设计。其次是网络课程教学平台的设计,主要包括在线学习系统、学习管理系统、课程生成系统的设计。     

翻转教学结合在线课程在《大学物理》教学中的实践研究

《大学物理》是本科教学的基础课程之一,对许多其他课程具有很重要的指导意义。作者通过在教学中引入翻转教学结合在线课程的理念,极大的调动了学生的课堂积极性,使得学生成为课堂的活跃主体,而不是被动接受知识。教学实践证明,这种教学方式激发了学生自主学习的动力,进而培养了学生研究问题、解决问题的能力。     

基于案例式教学的大学生心理健康教育课程教学模式改革与实践

大学生心理健康教育课程教学开展对学生的健康发展有着重要的意义,为了提升学生心理发展水平,应对心理健康教育课程模式进行改善,应用新的方式,使学生能够掌握心理健康的相关知识,并且懂得进行自身心理的调节.通过明确案例教学法概念以及大学生心理健康课程教学重要性,分析大学生心理健康教育课程教学现状,将案例式教学法应用在教学中,加...     

《航海概论》教学改革的思考

航海概论课程是全校本科生公共选修课,属于综合与通识教育模块课程中的海洋主题教育选修课,是一门理论性和操作性较强的课程。针对授课对象的差异性,该课程的教学不同于《航海学》课程的教学,需要考虑到不同专业学生的基础。根据本人一个学期课程的教学,有了一些想法和体会,针对该课程的教学有了一些思考,希望能够提高该课程的授课效果和学生们的理解和掌握程度。     

应用型高校《前厅客房服务与管理》课程教学改革的思考

《前厅客房服务与管理》是一门应用性很强的课程。结合切身的教学体会和心得,本着注重学生的情感体验、提高学生实践能力和素养的原则,尝试对课程教学目标设计、教学原则、课程教学组织形式、课程教学内容分配和课程教学评价几个方面进行阐述,提出课程教学改革的思路。     

中等职业院校机电类《液压与气动技术》课程教学改革探索

中等职业学校的学生知识水平存在较大差异,《液压与气动传动技术》课程具有很强的实践性,传统教学模式不利于中等职业学校学生能力的培养,本人通过对该课程教学过程中的体会,以培养学生的应用能力为目标,探索了该课程新的教学目标、教学内容、教学手段、考核方式等方面的教学改革,提出了该课程教学的改革方向,以提高教学效果,激发学生的创新思维.     

选矿厂职业卫生与健康课程教学改革探索

选矿厂职业卫生与健康课程对矿物加工工程专业学生在工作中做好职业病防治,保障自身职业健康至关重要,但该课程课时少,涵盖的知识面广,传统的教学模式以教师为中心,很少结合现场生产实际和引入实践教学案例,导致课程枯燥,学生对课程的重视程度不够.文章通过开展以学生为中心以及多元化教学手段改革,引入理论结合实践的案例教学,融入课程...     

高等教育网络课程教学设计探究

高校实施网络课程能激发学生的自主学习热情,培养学生的探究能力和创新能力。网络课程教学设计首先要明确在网络课程中的教与学的关系,确立教学目标,了解网络课程中学生的学习心理,有针对性地实施网络课程教学设计。其次是网络课程教学平台的设计,主要包括在线学习系统、学习管理系统、课程生成系统的设计。     

花生饼、粕鸡猪氨基酸真消化率的测定

本试验采用猪回直肠吻合法及“ＴＭＥ”改良法,分别测定了猪鸡对花生饼、粕的氨基酸真消化率（ＴＤＡＡ） 。结果表明：鸡的花生饼、粕ＴＤＡＡ 值相近。其中Ｌｙｓ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为８６ ．２ ％ 和８８ ．８ ％ ,为最低者：Ａｒｇ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为９６ ．２ ％ 和９７ ．１ ％ ,为最高者。花生饼、粕猪ＴＤＡＡ 中Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｈｒ 较低,分别为８４ ．４ ％ 和８１ ．９ ％ ;８４ ．９ ％ 和８４ ．１ ％ ;８４ ．３ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ 。精氨酸ＴＤＡＡ 最高,分别为９７ ．０ ％ 和９６ ．４ ％ 。     

Diagnostic accuracy of digital photography and image analysis for the measurement of foot conformation in the horse

Reasons for performing study: Rigorous evaluation of practicable methods for the objective assessment of foot conformation has not been performed. Objectives: To assess the practicability, precision and accuracy of the process of obtaining measurements of horses' feet using photography and image processing software. Methods: Precision study: Lateral photographs of horses' feet were obtained twice by 2 veterinary surgeons (image acquisition ‐ IAc). Photographs were analysed by 2 masked veterinary surgeons on 2 occasions (image analysis ‐ IAn). Measurements were compared within and between operators for self and non‐self acquired photographs. Agreement indices (AIs) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated for the IAn process alone and for the combined IAc + IAn processes. Accuracy study: Measurements obtained from lateral photographs were compared with those obtained from lateromedial radiographs. AIs and 95% LOA were calculated for each measurement. Results: Precision study: Mean intra‐ and interoperator AIs for the IAn process alone were ≥0.90 while those for the combined IAc + IAn processes were ≥0.89 for all measurements. Similar mean AIs and 95% LOA were calculated regardless of image origin. The 95% LOA for hoof angle, heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle for all comparisons were within target values. Accuracy study: Mean AIs were ≥0.89 for all measurements. The 95% LOA for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle were within target values. Conclusions: Excellent precision was identified within and between operators regardless of image origin. High levels of accuracy were also identified, especially for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle, indicating that photography and radiography may be used interchangeably. Potential relevance: Acquisition and analysis of photographic images is an appropriate method for the objective measurement of foot conformation, both in clinical and research settings.     

湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后瘤胃发酵与微生物区系的变化

本试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发酵与微生物区系变化,为幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育变化理论以及羔羊的早期培育等提供依据。选择初生重接近的湖羊公羔(3.81 kg±0.55 kg)16只,1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄断奶。分别于断奶前(21日龄)、后(42日龄)各选择5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃发酵、酶活和微生物区系。结果表明,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶活性均极显著高于断奶前(P<0.01)。断奶后瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度均低于断奶前(P<0.05)。断奶前后的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,拟杆菌门为第一优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占61.96%和65.36%,厚壁菌门为第二优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占32.08%和24.03%;两菌门之和在断奶前后分别占瘤胃总菌门的94.04%和89.39%。断奶前后的优势菌属均为unidentified_Prevotellaceae,分别占21.85%和38.49%。断奶前后羔羊瘤胃微生物的功能没有显著变化,都主要集中在复制和修复、碳水化合物代谢和翻译等途径。以上结果说明,羔羊早期断奶后的瘤胃发酵和酶活增强,菌群多样性和丰富度有所降低,在早期断奶前后的优势菌群和功能相似。     

65%赖氨酸硫酸盐在肉鸡中消化率的测定

试验选用64羽平均体重为(3.73±0.10)kg健康爱拔益加成年肉公鸡,测定了赖氨酸硫酸盐和赖氨酸盐酸盐的赖氨酸消化率。将试验鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4羽。处理1为绝食组;处理2为酪蛋白组;处理3为酪蛋白日粮添加赖氨酸硫酸盐组;处理4为酪蛋白日粮添加赖氨酸盐酸盐组。分别采用酪蛋白法和绝食法测定氨基酸的内源损失。结果表明:①利用酪蛋白法和绝食法测定的内源损失差异不显著(P>0.05);②赖氨酸硫酸盐的赖氨酸表观消化率为87.75%,利用酪蛋白法和绝食法测得的真消化率分别为99.34%和98.64%;③赖氨酸盐酸盐的赖氨酸表观消化率为87.81%,利用酪蛋白法和绝食法测得的真消化率分别为99.37%和98.67%。综上可得,采用酪蛋白法和绝食法测定的氨基酸内源损失无显著性差异;赖氨酸硫酸盐与赖氨酸盐酸盐的赖氨酸消化率差异不显著。     

PCR检测临床病例中PCV-2、PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染

参照GenBank中已发表的有关基因序列,分别设计合成针对PCV-2、PRRSV和CSFV的3对引物,分别建立检测临床病例中PCV-2、PRRSV和CSFV感染的PCR或RT-PCR方法。结果显示,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,分别各呈现1条大小约1154,372,375bp的特异条带。采用建立的PCR方法对江西各地发病猪和死亡猪的133份临床病料进行PCV-2检测,结果总检出率53.38%(71/133)。在71份PCV-2阳性的病料中检测出PRRSV20份,阳性率28.17%(20/71);CSFV9份,阳性率12.68%(9/71);PRRSV和CSFV共同感染9份,阳性率12.68%(9/71)。     

青海高原牦牛遗传多样性研究

以中心产区简单随机抽样在青海省西宁市共抽取青海高原牦牛76头,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白（酶）结构基因座及12个微卫星位点的多态性,并进行中性检验及连锁不平衡分析。结果表明：在所检测的21个血液蛋白基因座中,有6个存在多型,多态位点百分比为28．57％,12个微卫星位点全部为多态,共检测出63个等位基因;两层次标记所反映的群体内遗传变异水平均较低,21个血液蛋白基因座平均有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为1．118、0．0665、0．0729和0．0603,12个微卫星位点相应指标分别为2．9005、0．4138、0．5325和0．4903;除Alp外,其余5个血液蛋白多态基因座和12个微卫星位点均为中性基因。除Alp-CA、LDH1-ADH两对血液蛋白基因座和8对微卫星显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）处于连锁不平衡状态外,其余13对血液蛋白基因座和58对微卫星均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）;另外,6个血液蛋白多态基因座、12个微卫星位点或是两者的合并数据从群体水平上均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）。     

RADIOGRAPHIC GASTROINTESTINAL CONTRAST STUDY IN THE OSTRICH (STRUTHIO CAMELUS)

Ten gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed with barium on seven clinically healthy ostriches. Concentrations of 25-100% w/vol liquid barium sulfate at 7 and 10 ml/kg were administered by stomach tube after withholding food for 16 h. A 6-frame technique for left-to-right lateral views in standing and a 3-frame technique for the dorsoventral views in sternally recumbent adult ostriches were used for survey and contrast radiographs. Objectives were to describe the appearance of the normal gastrointestinal tract with contrast radiography and to provide a guideline for optimal dosage and concentration of barium sulfate as well as a reliable protocol for frequency of radiographs. Structures that were consistently identified included the esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, proximal, and distal rectum. Due to the superimposition of the remainder of the small intestine, individual components were difficult to differentiate. The caeca were inconsistently highlighted and only for a short time. The ventral pouch of the coprodeum never filled with contrast medium.     

Multiple trait genetic evaluation of ewe traits in Icelandic sheep

The prolificacy of the ewes was measured as the number of lambs born per ewe mated (NLB) when the ewes were 1–4 years of age. The ewe productivity related to the same age interval was measured by special ewe production indices (EPI). The genetic parameters for these traits were estimated by a series of bivariate REML analyses using animal models. The material used for the genetic analysis contained records on 193 213 ewes. The heritability estimates for NLB were h² = 0.17, 0.13, 0.11, 0.10 for the four respective age classes. Corresponding estimates for EPI were h² = 0.16, 0.17, 0.17, 0.15. The genetic correlations among NLB at different ages ranged from 0.63 to 0.98 and among EPI from 0.82 to 0.99. The genetic correlations between NLB and EPI were generally low. The material used for estimating the breeding values by the MT‐BLUP Animal Model consisted of 1.5 million individuals in the pedigree file. In total 815 782 ewes had records for the NLB and 763 491 ewes had production index (at least 1 year). The records were registered in the years 1990–2006. All possible missing patterns were present in the data. In the iteration process expected values for missing traits were generated and solutions were obtained on canonical transformed scale. The genetic evaluations were run independently for NLB and EPI for computational convenience given the correlations between these traits were negligible.     

华南地区猪圆环病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测分析

为了解华南地区猪圆环病毒及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的最新流行情况,采集了华南地区11个规模猪场各饲养阶段猪血清807份,用套式PCR(nPCR)检测猪圆环病毒1型(PCV-1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2);采集了若干猪场2010年1月至2011年8月期间有咳嗽、喘气、消瘦及疑似PDNS等临床症状的猪血清312份,以及无临床症状猪血清104份,以nPCR检测PCV-2,以一步法反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒。结果发现,所调查的11个规模猪场中只有5个检出PCV-1,所有猪场均检出PCV-2。PCV-2阳性率为30.61%,而PCV-1阳性率仅为4.21%;经产母猪和7周龄以上保育猪PCV阳性率最高;有临床症状的猪血清PCV-2阳性率为58.65%,PRRSV阳性率为37.82%,PCV-2阳性猪群中有39.89%的猪同时感染PRRSV;有症状猪群7月～9月的PCV-2感染率最高,而1月～3月最低;无临床症状猪血清PCV-2阳性率为27.9%,PRRSV阳性率为0.96%,PCV-2与PRRSV无混合感染。证明PCV尤其是PCV-2在华南地区仍广泛传播并流行,而且PCV-2与PRRSV混合感染致病情况较多。PCV-2的感染率与季节有一定的相关性,种猪带毒情况严重。