黄芩苷与甘草酸对恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内代谢的影响

将黄芩苷(baicalin,BL)和甘草酸(glycyrrhizin,GZ)口灌异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio),探讨其对恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)在体内的代谢和肝微粒体细胞色素氧化酶CYP1A、CYP3A活性的影响。异育银鲫连续7 d分别口灌黄芩苷(100 mg/kg)和甘草酸(100 mg/kg),以口灌玉米油作为对照。末次给药24 h后每组随机取10尾腹腔注射恩诺沙星(10 mg/kg),采用单个动物连续采血,HPLC测定血浆恩诺沙星和其代谢产物环丙沙星(cipmfloxacin,CIP)浓度,分析药动学及其参数;同时每组选取6尾检测肝微粒体CYP1A和CYP3A活性。结果表明:(1)黄芩苷(BL)和甘草酸(GZ)对恩诺沙星的吸收有明显抑制作用,主要表现在恩诺沙星峰浓度(Cmax)降低,曲线下面积(AUC)减少;(2)口灌BL和GZ后,恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星的消除半衰期(t1/2z)明显小于对照组(P<0.05),而总体清除率(CLz/F)则增大,说明黄芩苷和甘草酸促进了恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的消除;(3)口灌BL和GZ后,BL组和GZ组的Cmax-CIP/Cmax-ENR比值分别为1.48%、2.22%,对照为0.95%;BL组和GZ组的AUC0-t-CIP/AUC0-t-ENR比值分别为2.16%、1.76%,对照组为1.7%。综合分析代谢产物环丙沙星峰浓度、Cmax-CIP/Cmax-ENR和AUC0-t-CIP/AUC0-t-ENR比值可以得出,黄芩苷和甘草酸对恩诺沙星N-脱乙基具有诱导作用;(4)与对照组相比较,BL组和GZ组的7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-O-脱乙基酶(EROD,CYP1A标志酶)和红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND,CYP3A标志酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05),说明黄芩苷和甘草酸对CYP1A和CYP3A都有诱导作用。结合以上结果,认为黄芩苷和甘草酸加速了恩诺沙星的消除和其代谢产物CIP的生成,很可能与诱导CYP1A和CYP3A活性有关。     

黑龙江银鲫新品系—松浦鲫的培育

以纯种方正鲫作母本、以方正鲫(♀)与鳞鲤(♂)交配获得的雌性后代经性反转的生理雄性个体作父本进行育种试验,在3个组配中,发现有一组F_1表现出新的形态特征。经过对F_1及其后代作定向培育和观测,证实F_1形态指标与方正鲫差异显著,且其后代遗传性状稳定,可作为鲫鱼属的一个新品系。     

葡萄糖、维生素C对普安银鲫早期发育的影响

为探究葡萄糖和维生素C（VC）对普安银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）早期发育的影响,采用静水溶液浸泡法研究了葡萄糖和VC溶液浸泡中普安银鲫仔鱼出膜时间、孵化率、成活率及卵黄囊仔鱼生长特点。结果显示,葡萄糖溶液质量浓度低于15 g·L^-1,仔鱼出膜时间随着葡萄糖质量浓度的增加而缩短,孵化率、成活率、体质量和全长则升高;葡萄糖溶液质量浓度高于15 g·L^-1对普安银鲫的早期发育表现出抑制作用。VC溶液质量浓度低于30mg·L^-1时,仔鱼出膜时间随着ρ（VC）的增加而降低,孵化率、成活率、体质量和全长则升高。ρ（VC）高于30mg·L^-1对普安银鲫的早期发育表现出抑制作用。研究表明适宜浓度的葡萄糖和VC能促进普安银鲫的早期发育。     

甲苯咪唑在银鲫体内的药代动力学研究

采用高效液相色谱法检测甲苯咪唑(MBZ)及其代谢物氨基甲苯咪唑(MBZ-NH2)和羟基甲苯咪唑(MBZ-OH)在银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)血浆及组织中的浓度,数据经3P97药代动力学程序分析.结果表明:(25±1)℃的水温条件下,银鲫单剂量口灌MBZ20mg·kg-1,血药经时过程符合二室开放式模型.主要药代动力学参数为:吸收速率常数恐Ka 0.235h-1;消除半衰T(1/2)β 52.26h;药时曲线下面积AUC 180.07μg·h·mL-1;表观容积分布Vd/F 2.465L·kg-1;清除率CL(s)0.111 mL·h-1·kg-1;达峰时间T(peak) 6.20 h;质量浓度Cmax 4.14 μg·mL-1.与哺乳类相比,MBZ在银鲫体内吸收较慢,消除半衰期明显延长,药代动力学参数也有较大差异.建议在做到合理用药的同时加强药物检测力度.     

氟甲喹对异育银鲫细胞色素CYP450主要药酶的影响

在分析了氟甲喹腹腔注射后对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)主要药酶活性影响的基础上,从蛋白表达和mRNA转录水平探究了氟甲喹对CYP1A(EROD)的诱导机制.以氟甲喹剂量35 mg/kg一次性腹腔注射异育银鲫24 h后,肝微粒体的7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-O-脱乙基酶(EROD)活性为54.33 pmol/(mg·min).显著高于对照组的34.00pmol/(mg·min)(P<0.01),而红霉索-N-脱甲基酶(ERND)[177.98 pmol/(mg·min)]、氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(APD)[934.40 pmol/(mg·min)]及7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)[9.84 pmol/(mg·min)]与对照组[分别为140.90pmol/(mg·min)]、850.71 pmol/(mg·min)和8.93 pmol/(mg·min)]相比无显著性差异;除肾组织中ERND活性高于肝脏外,其他CYP亚型药酶活性(APD、EROD和ECOD)均以肝组织中最高.Western-blotting印迹表明,实验组肝脏中CYP1A蛋白含量明显高于对照组,与酶活(EROD)相符合;而肾、肠中没有检测到特异性条带.半定量RT-PCR结果显示,CYPiAmRNA在肝、肾和肠均有表达,但实验组与对照组并无明显差异.体外实验中,不同浓度的氟甲喹与微粒体共孵育,未见EROD活性与浓度、时间的依赖关系.综上推测,氟甲喹对鲫鱼肝CYP1A的诱导是在翻译后水平,可能是加强蛋白的稳定性.本研究旨在为氟甲喹在鱼类中的合理应用提供科学依据.     

方正银鲫微卫星序列的筛选及PCR扩增产物的初步检测

采用小片段克隆法构建了方正银鲫[（Carassius auratus gibelio（Block）]部分基因组文库，并采用非影印的方法将转化子转移到硝酸纤维素滤膜上。用人工合成、并经放射性同位素[γ-^32P]ATP标记的（CA）15探针对构建的基因组文库进行筛选，获得137个阳性克隆，经测序得到微卫星序列130个，其中完美型、非完美型、混合型分别占64．3％、16．9％和18.8％。应用引物设计软件Primer Prmmer5．0进行引物设计，得到引物103对。合成30对引物，随机选取其中5对进行PCR扩增。结果表明，这5对引物均可以稳定扩增，并且观测杂合度均较高。     

银鲫多核苷酸重复微卫星的序列同源性分析

应用磁珠富集法开发银鲫的三、四核苷酸重复的微卫星。生物素探针分别为Probe-(TGA)8,Probe-(AGAC)8,Probe-(GATT)8,结果得到4740个菌落。结合同位素放射法进行二次筛选,获得652个阳性克隆(阳性克隆率13.76%),利用PRIMER3PLUS在线软件设计引物163对,采用in silico方法,对微卫星序列进行BLASTN和BLASTX在线搜索。运用BLASTN搜索,首先将设计引物后的微卫星序列(侧翼序列长度大于50bp)与GEN-BANK中的斑马鱼的EST数据库进行比对,共匹配上44个同源序列。然后利用BLASTX搜索非冗余蛋白数据库,有31个微卫星位点成功的进行了功能注释,5个微卫星位点匹配上假设蛋白。本文利用模式生物斑马鱼的基因组资源对银鲫的的基因组进行比较研究,为以后银鲫种质资源的开发打下了良好的基础。     

Detection methods of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) via a pORF72 monoclonal antibody

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is the main pathogen responsible for causing haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio. Although many nucleic acid‐based diagnostic methods have been applied, no stable and sensitive immunological diagnostic approaches have been reported. In this study, to detect CyHV‐2 in clinical samples using immunological methods, recombinant ORF72 protein (pORF72), encoded by the CyHV‐2 ORF72 gene, was used as a capture antigen to identify blood and tissues infected with CyHV‐2. First, ORF72 gene was amplified from the CyHV‐2 genome and cloned into a PGEX‐4t‐3 expression vector to produce pORF72 in Escherichia coli. The purified pORF72 was used as an immunogen to prepare monoclonal antibodies. The Western blotting assays revealed that the monoclonal antibody could specifically identify the pORF72. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical protocol and a blood smear method were established to detect CyHV‐2 in carps. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibody against pORF72 could be utilized as an effective detection tool for haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio.     

温度和pH对异育银鲫消化酶稳定性及其活力的影响

从酶学分析的角度研究温度、pH值对异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio消化酶稳定性及其活力的影响.结果显示,蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶在30～50℃分别保留相对酶活力达82%、87%和90%以上,蛋白酶相对酶活力在pH值6.0～9.2达71%以上,淀粉酶相对酶活力在pH 5.8～9.0达75%以上,纤维素酶在pH值3.6～7.0保留相对酶活力达70%以上,在不同温度条件下,蛋白酶活性顺序为前肠＞后肠＞中肠,淀粉酶活性顺序为中肠＞前肠＞后肠,纤维素酶活性顺序为后肠＞中肠＞前肠.蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶获得较大活性的部位分别分布在前肠、中肠和后肠,其最适温度分剐为25～30℃、35～40℃和20～25℃.在不同的pH值条件下,蛋白酶活性顺序为中肠＞后肠＞前肠,淀粉酶活性顺序为后肠＞中肠＞前肠,纤维素酶活性顺序为后肠＞前肠＞中肠.蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶获得较大活性的部位分别分布在中肠、后肠和后肠,其最适pH值分别为7.6～8.4、6.4和3.6～4.8.表明消化酶对热和pH值具有一定的稳定性;蛋白酶、淀粉酶在适宜条件下具有较大酶活力.     

Fishmeal can be totally replaced by a mixture of rapeseed meal and Chlorella meal in diets for crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fishmeal (FM) replacement by a mixture of rapeseed meal and Chlorella meal (RCM) on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities and intestinal histology of crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelioi. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to replace 0% (RCM0), 25% (RCM25), 50% (RCM50), 75% (RCM75), and 100% (RCM100) of protein from fishmeal with RCM respectively. Each experimental diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups with 25 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 1.77 ± 0.04 g) per fibreglass tank for 6 weeks. With increasing substitution levels, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio increased, but feed conversion rate decreased. Dietary RCM substitution improved lipid content of muscle, but had no significant effect on other proximate composition of muscle and liver. ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy and the majority of amino acids increased with increasing substitution level, and digestive enzyme activities (amylase, trypsin and lipase) in intestine showed the similar trend with ADCs. Dietary RCM substitution had no significant adverse effect on intestinal histology. This study indicated that FM protein could be completely replaced by mixed protein sources (RCM) in crucian carp diets.     

异育银鲫寄生洪湖碘泡虫的鱼卵传播途径

洪湖碘泡虫(Myxobolus honghuensis)是引起异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)“喉孢子病”的重要病原, 每年导致养殖苗种和成鱼大量死亡。本研究通过隐性感染异育银鲫母本人工受精、实验室条件下受精卵孵化和幼鱼培育, 采用单管半巢式 PCR、荧光定量 PCR 和寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交等检测手段进行亲本、卵和幼鱼等环节的检测分析, 探究异育银鲫寄生洪湖碘泡虫是否存在经卵传播途径。结果表明, 所采用的 34 尾异育银鲫母本(A1~A22, B1~B12)的洪湖碘泡虫隐性感染率达 50%~75%, 其中, 卵和伪鳃检出率高于卵巢组织样品; 特异性寡核苷酸探针荧光原位杂交在隐性感染母本的卵巢、伪鳃、肾、脾组织检测到洪湖碘泡虫前孢子生成阶段营养体; 实验室条件下阳性母本所产的卵经孵化和培育出的幼鱼 15 dph 和 30 dph 样品可以检出阳性(A1、A18、B8 和 B9); 荧光原位杂交显示 15 dph 幼鱼在伪鳃、鳃和肾脏组织检测出阳性信号。本研究进一步揭示了异育银鲫寄生洪湖碘泡虫存在经鱼卵传播途径; 研究结果可为相关疾病制定防控措施奠定重要的理论基础。     

Pharmacokinetics of minocycline in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and oral administration

The pharmacokinetic of minocycline was studied after a single intravenous as well as oral dose (5 mg/kg body weight) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) reared in freshwater at 10°C. Plasma samples were randomly collected from six fish at each sampling time. Plasma concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and further subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Initial concentration of minocycline just after intravenous administration was calculated as 7.320 μg/ml, while the other parameters after intravenous injection were determined as flows: apparent elimination rate constant (λ_z) of 0.064 per hr, apparent elimination half‐life () of 10.82 hr, total body clearance (Cl) of 142.72 ml/hr/kg, volume of distribution (Vz) of 2,227.38 ml/kg and volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) of 1,937.08 ml/kg. While after oral administration, the λ_z, , mean absorption time (MAT), absorption half‐life (t_1/2ka) and bioavailability were determined as 0.059 per hr, 11.74, 5.55, 3.84 hr, and 81.98%, respectively, and the peak concentration was observed as 1.474 ± 0.362 μg/ml at 8 hr. It was shown that minocycline was slowly but relatively completely absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in crucian carp. Based on the ratios of AUC_0–24 hr/MIC90, a minocycline dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight administered intravenously or orally would be only effective to successfully treat crucian carp infected by bacterium with MIC values ≤0.25 μg/ml.     

分级对银鲫生长和个体大小差异的影响

在室内水槽进行12周的饲养实验以检验分级对银鲫生长和鱼群内个体大小差异的影响。用隔网将实验水槽分为两部分,每个水槽内放养10尾大鱼（体重8.0~9.0 g）和10尾小鱼（体重6.5~7.5 g）,分级时将个体大小相近的10尾鱼分布在隔网同一侧。实验中,3组鱼分别隔1周、2周或4周分级1次,1组鱼不进行分级作为对照。鱼摄食率和生长率随分级间隔时间缩短而降低。实验结束时,隔1周分级1次的鱼体重低于对照组,隔4周分级1次的鱼体重与对照组无显著差异。实验结束时被分级的鱼群中大鱼体重的变异系数高于小鱼,表明大鱼对分级操作更敏感。本实验结果表明,分级未能明显提高银鲫生长速度和降低鱼群内个体大小的差异程度。     

Effect of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

The effect of dietary intake of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides (CVP) on the hematological and biochemical indices of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. Fish were fed CVP supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g CVP kg^?1) for 56 days. The RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin content, ESR in blood and TP, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, CHO, TG, and BUN in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. After feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. The results indicated that feeding crucian carp with suitable dose of CVP enhanced the RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin and TP content, ALP activity, and decreased the ESR, ALT, AST, GLU, CHO, TG and BUN. There was no effect in fish at low dose (0.25 g kg^?1). Unexpectedly, the higher CVP dose used here (2.0 and 4.0 g kg^?1) has a negative effect in fish. The results of challenge experiment indicated that a moderate level of CVP in the diet (1.0 g kg^?1) was the most effective to enhance the survival of fish after infected with A. hydrophila. In summary, the use of CVP, as dietary supplements, can improve the innate defense of crucian carp providing resistance to pathogens.     

Quality and biochemical properties of artificially hibernated crucian carp for waterless preservation

The aim of this study was to explore the artificial hibernation of crucian carp for?waterless preservation and to characterize the quality and biochemical properties during and after the hibernation. Anesthetized crucian carp using eugenol were stored at 8?°C with 90?% oxygen and 95–100?% relative humidity for 38?h and then transferred to fresh water to recover. Liquid loss and cooking loss had no significant changes (p?>?0.05). The total volatile basic nitrogen content and 2-thiobarbituric acid value in hibernated fish were significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than fresh and recovered groups. Serum cortisol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities significantly increased (p?<?0.05) during hibernation, while glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) had no significant change (p?>?0.05). Both ACP and AKP activities decreased upon the fish recovered, but only the ACP activity returned to normal. However, there were increased serum glucose concentration, GOT and GPT activities in recovered fish. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that the artificially hibernated life of crucian carp was 38?h by the combination of anaesthetizing and low temperature. The muscle quality would not be influenced, and most of the stress responses would disappear after hibernated fish recovered.     

Dietary available phosphorus requirement of crucian carp,Carassius auratus

This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary available phosphorus (AP) requirement for crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Triplicate groups were fed diets containing five graded levels of AP in 15 recirculating tanks. After a 9‐week feeding experiment, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and whole‐body and vertebrae P contents were significantly increased as dietary AP increased from 1.1 to 7.6 g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off. N and P retention was also significantly increased as dietary AP increased to 5.5 g/kg (p < .05). Condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, whole‐body moisture, muscle P content and plasma total cholesterol were not affected by dietary P levels (p > .05). Protein and ash contents of the whole body increased linearly as the dietary P level increased, but the lipid content, plasma alkaline phosphatase activities and triacylglycerol contents showed an inverse relationship. Based on WG, FE, whole‐body P content and vertebrae P content, the optimum requirement of dietary AP for crucian carp was estimated to be 8.3, 8.3, 8.0 and 7.8 g/Kg, respectively.     

不同营养状况对鲫鱼偏好游泳速度的影响

为考察不同营养状况对鲤科鱼类偏好游泳速度的影响,本研究以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为实验对象,(25±1.0)℃条件下设置3个不同营养状况实验组:对照组(禁食48 h)、饱食组(饱食)和饥饿组(饥饿14 d),将单尾实验鱼置于梯度流速选择仪(流速范围为11.86~65.45 cm/s,等距离划分为5个流速区域,从第一到第五流速区域流速连续增加)中拍摄1 h,采用Ethovision XT9软件分析视频资料并计算实验鱼在不同流速区域平均进入频次(F,次)、单次进入停留时间(T,s/次)和平均停留时间百分比(P_t,%)等流速选择行为指标。结果显示,对照组和饱食组的F值随水流速度上升而增加,对照组的T值不同流速区域间无差异(P0.05),而饱食组第三和第四流速区域T值均显著大于其他流速区域(P0.05),因此两实验组第三和第四流速区域的P_t均显著大于其他流速区域,其偏好游泳速度为20.12~41.30 cm/s。饥饿组流速偏好行为出现表型分化,I型实验鱼在第一流速区域P_t和T值显著大于其他流速区域(P0.05),各流速区域的F值均显著小于其他实验组(P0.05),故I型实验鱼的偏好游泳速度为11.86~15.18 cm/s。而II型实验鱼则与对照组相似,在第三和第四流速区域Pt均显著大于其他流速区域(P0.05),故II型实验鱼的偏好游泳速度为20.12~41.30 cm/s。结果表明,饱食不影响鲫鱼的偏好游泳速度,可能是饱食不影响鲫鱼的游泳能力所致,但饱食组在各流速区域间的出入频次减少而停留时间有所增加。饥饿后鲫鱼偏好游泳速度出现表型分化,I型实验鱼的偏好游泳速度降低,而II型实验鱼则无明显变化,I型和II型实验鱼偏好游泳速度的差异可能是由于在饥饿条件下二者能量节约和游泳功能维持的策略不同。     

吡啶甲酸铬对热应激异育银鲫血清生化指标的影响

选取240尾初始体重为(31.80±1.07)g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio),分为4组,分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0μ/kg(对照组和热应激1组)、300μg/kg(热应激2组)、600 μg/kg(热应激3组)吡啶甲酸铬(以Cr3+计)的试验饲料,在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中常温(2...     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of marbofloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after oral administration

Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of marbofloxacin (MBF) were studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus, 250±30 g) kept at two water temperatures of 15 and 25 °C. Marbofloxacin concentrations in plasma and tissues were analysed by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet detector. The limits of detection were 0.02 μg mL^?1, 0.02 μg g^?1, 0.025 μg g^?1, 0.02 μg g^?1 and 0.025 μg g^?1 in plasma and muscle, skin, liver and kidney respectively. Fish were administered orally at a single dosage of 10 mg kg^?1 body weight in the PK group. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models at both temperatures. At 15 °C, the absorption half‐life () and distribution half‐life (t_1/2α) of the drug were 0.36 and 4.48 h respectively. The corresponding values at 25 °C were 0.23 and 0.87 h respectively. The elimination half‐life (t_1/2β) was 50.75 h at 15 °C and 25.05 h at 25 °C. The maximum MBF concentration (C_max) differed little between 15 (6.43 μg mL^?1) and 25 °C (8.36 μg mL^?1). The time to peak concentration was 1.74 h at 15 °C and 0.78 h at 25 °C. The apparent volume of distribution (V_d/F) of MBF was estimated to be 1.36 and 0.87 L kg^?1 at 15 and 25 °C respectively. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) was 301.80 μg mL^?1 h at 15 °C and 182.80 μg mL^?1 h at 25 °C. The total clearance of MBF was computed as 0.03 and 0.05 L h^?1 kg^?1 at 15 and 25 °C respectively. After repeated oral administration at a dosage of 10 mg kg^?1 body weight per day for 3 days, the results showed that the elimination half‐lives () of MBF from all tissues at 15 °C were longer than that at 25 °C. Therefore, water temperature is an important factor to be considered when deciding a reasonable withdrawal time.     

Induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), x common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., hybrids.

Abstract. Results of a 16 year (1977–1992) study of hybrids obtained from crossing two cyprinid fish, crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) (bisexual form), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., are presented. The ability to produce diploid eggs in F₁ females (resulting from chromosome endoreduplication in early oogenesis) was responsible for the high yield of spontaneous diploids in gynogenetic progenies of F₁ females and for triploidy in hybrids from back-crosses of F₁ females with males of the parent species. Different types of hybrids, including diploid and triploid gynogenetic, tetraploid (amphidiploid) and androgenetic progenies, were obtained. Diploid and some triploid hybrids (females only) were reproduced inter se by induced gynogenesis in several subsequent gynogenetic generations. Amphidiploid hybrids were obtained by crossing triploid F₈ females with diploid common carp males or by crossing diploid gynogenetic females with diploid inverted hybrid males producing diploid sperm. Results of cytogenetic investigations and fish culture properties in hybrids are presented. The scientific and practical significance of the data obtained are discussed.