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本研究描述了藤黄树链蚧Asterolecanium garciniae的田间形态特征和显微形态特征;给出了结构测量值;提供了生态照片、显微照片和显微绘图;评述了与近似种A.javae、A.russellae和A.sumatrae的区别;提供了寄主和分布,首次报道了新的分布地曼谷;藤黄树链蚧为我国口岸首次截获,该研究结果可为链蚧的检疫鉴定及该种蚧虫的截获鉴定提供参考。 相似文献
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茶长本圆蚧 Abgrallaspis cyanophylli(Signoret)、红圆蚧 Aonidiella aurantiiMaskell 和褐圆蚧 Chrysomphalus sp.是危害多种农林植物,尤其是柑桔和茶等的重要害虫类群之一;在害虫生物防治中,它们又可作为室内繁殖多种寄生蜂的中间寄主。因此,研究它们的生物学和生态学,既可为其防治提供依据,又可为有效利用它们作为中间寄主繁殖寄生蜂提供参考资料。为此,我们在实验室条件下设置了不同的恒温条件,观察上述三种盾蚧的存活、发育和繁殖等。现将部分结果报告如下。 相似文献
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甘草胭脂蚧药剂防治与农业防治协调控制技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了有效控制甘草重大害虫一甘草胭脂蚧,本文开展了甘草胭脂蚧药剂防治与农业防治协调控制技术研究.结果表明.甘草不同种植深度对甘草胭脂蚧的寄生和扩散影响较大,10 cm漾时甘草胭脂蚧寄生数量最多,为14.8头/株,扩散距离最远,为18.6 cm,其次为15 cm、20 cm深,25 cm深甘草胭脂蚧寄生数量、扩散距离均显著少于、短于10 cm、15 cm深的.分别为2.8头,株和10.4 cm.药剂防治结果表明,药后15 d,鱼藤酮对甘草胭脂蚧的防效最好,校正虫口减退率可达94.13%,其次为啶虫脒、烟碱,吡虫啉相对较低;药后30 d,鱼藤酮的防效为60.56%,持效期较长.可见,甘草深种植结合有效药剂防治,对甘草胭脂蚧起到很好地协调控制作用. 相似文献
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为害柑桔、柚有多种害虫:螨、蚧、蚜虫、粉虱、叶甲、天牛、潜叶蛾、凤蝶、实蝇等。但两成以上的损失来自蚧壳虫。蚧壳虫危害,造成柑桔叶色发黄、枝梢枯萎、落果、树势衰弱、甚至全株死亡。因此防治蚧壳虫是果农的首要植保措施之一,在目前市面上针对蚧壳虫的药剂较多,... 相似文献
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The hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), is a serious forest pest in North America with three subspecies that vary in their geographical range and larval host preferences. Both broadleaved and coniferous trees are infested, though the largest impacts are on coniferous forestry where trees can be completely defoliated and killed. The pest was identified as a potential threat to forestry on the island of Ireland during a horizon‐scanning exercise to identify pests of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce) and was subject to a rapid pest risk analysis (PRA). Though judged to be unlikely, pathways identified were uncontrolled wood commodities and mosses and lichens harvested from forests in North America and exported for use in ornamental displays. Lambdina fiscellaria is found in a range of climate types, and is likely to be able to complete its lifecycle in the Irish climate – although there is uncertainty concerning its ability to adapt to European trees. Lambdina fiscellaria has only a limited capacity for spread, as virgin females are burdened by their eggs and are poor fliers. This was judged to reduce potential impacts in the PRA area – as the slow rate of spread would provide time to develop monitoring and control methods well ahead of the pest reaching its maximum extent on the island of Ireland. The pest still poses a considerable risk to coniferous forestry not only on the island of Ireland but across the EPPO region where climate is suitable for the pest to establish. Regulation and implementation of phytosanitary measures prevent introduction of the pest should be considered. 相似文献
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Y. Robert 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):37-45
Conventional ways to control aphid vectors on potato crops rely essentially on cultural and chemical methods. The extensive use of insecticides, too often applied regardless of real needs and consequences, has resulted in more and more failures in both controlling aphids and virus spread. This paper stresses the need to introduce more rationale in the operation of existing methods by improving the efficiency of some of them like forecasting systems, to assess the potential of others like fertilization and semiochemicals and to put most efforts on resistant cultivars so that integrated pest management can be operated in the near future. 相似文献
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Y. Robert 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):37-45
Conventional ways to control aphid vectors on potato crops rely essentially on cultural and chemical methods. The extensive use of insecticides, too often applied regardless of real needs and consequences, has resulted in more and more failures in both controlling aphids and virus spread. This paper stresses the need to introduce more rationale in the operation of existing methods by improving the efficiency of some of them like forecasting systems, to assess the potential of others like fertilization and semiochemicals and to put most efforts on resistant cultivars so that integrated pest management can be operated in the near future. 相似文献
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随着我国农作物绿色防控体系的不断完善和升级,害虫治理由化学防治到综合治理再到生态防控进行转移,诱杀技术已成为害虫生态防控的核心技术之一。昆虫诱捕器的研制已发展成由简单到复杂,功能更加多样和实用,现广泛应用在蔬菜、果树、花卉、茶叶、森林等农作物和林业植被的害虫诱杀方面,并取得了显著成效,期望未来在绿色植保中发挥更大作用。本文从农林作物害虫的监测和诱杀防治的角度考虑,对不同构造以及诱集昆虫种类的诱捕器进行了分类,阐述了诱捕器的悬挂高度、布设密度、形状、大小和颜色以及诱芯载体颜色、光源波长等因素对害虫诱捕效率的影响,旨在为农林害虫的绿色防控提供专业的技术指导。 相似文献
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生草园捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽的人工操纵技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在北京巨山农场果园中,分别在6月初和6月中旬,刈割苹果树行间的紫花苜蓿并将其放在树冠下后,东亚小花蝽既向割草区周围的紫花苜蓿上扩散,也向割草区苹果树上迁移。割草后3天,割草区周围紫花苜蓿上小花蝽数量增加20%~119%,其增加量随距割草区距离的增加而减少,割草区苹果树冠上小花蝽数量比割草前增加2~3倍,蝽螨比可提高14倍,树冠小花蝽增加的数量受小花蝽扩散能力和割草时间的影响。试验结果表明,适时刈割苹果园中的紫花苜蓿,对控制害螨有明显的作用 相似文献
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试论农业害虫的自然控制 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
作者根据水稻、棉花、玉米、小麦、油菜、果树和蔬菜等的重要害虫几十年的防治经验,论述了农业害虫自然控制因素的作用和自控措施。这些措施包括作物耐抗性的利用、植物性杀虫剂的利用、昆虫行为和习性的利用、天敌资源的保护利用、农业措施的利用以及农业害虫的综合自控技术。依据可持续农业的发展要求,讨论了在农业害虫的治理中应充分重视和利用一切自然控制因素 相似文献
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双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险分析和管理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双条杉天牛(Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera)天牛科(Cerambycidae),是柏科树木上毁灭性蛀干害虫之一。该天牛主要以幼虫危害侧柏、杜松、圆柏等常绿树种,已经给我国很多地区造成了严重的经济和生态损失。目前双条杉天牛已在陕西部分地区危害,为了明确双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险等级,以制定相应管理对策。本研究依据原国家林业局林业有害生物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准,对双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险性进行了综合评估分析。结果表明:双条杉天牛在陕西的风险综合评价值R=2.28,该天牛在陕西省属于高度危险性有害生物。针对双条杉天牛在陕西省的高度危险性,提出了加强检疫、全面普查监测、实施分区防治和加强疫区治理的管理措施。本研究为陕西控制和管理该有害生物提供了基础资料和理论依据。 相似文献
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鞘翅目昆虫是我国最常见的农林业有害生物,给农林生产造成了巨大损失。基于昆虫趋光性、趋色性和趋化性所研发的昆虫诱捕器作为一种绿色防控手段,目前已广泛应用于农林虫害的监测、预防和控制中,成为了害虫综合防控体系的重要组成部分。明确害虫诱捕装置的设计原理及各因子对诱捕效率的影响是有效实施虫害绿色生物防控的前提,本文陈述了国内外害虫诱捕器的应用进展及设计原理,进而探讨不同因子(如形状、颜色、材质、引诱剂和高度等)对鞘翅目害虫野外诱捕装置诱捕效果的影响,旨在为提高装置诱捕效果提供借鉴和参考,加快新型诱捕技术的研究及应用进程。 相似文献