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为创制六倍体小黑麦(TriticosecaleWittmack)-普通小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)异染色体体系,将六倍体小黑麦的优良基因导入到普通小麦中,以六倍体小黑麦品种Presto为母本、普通小麦品种晋农190为父本,配置杂交组合,对双亲及其杂种F2种子根尖细胞进行有丝分裂观察,确定其染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果发现,双亲的染色体数目均为42,父本晋农190的核型公式为2n=42=36m(2SAT)+6sm,核型类型为1A;母本Presto的核型公式为2n=42=26m(4SAT)+4M+12sm,核型类型为2A。杂种F2中F2-3为双单体附加系,其核型公式为2n=44=36m(3SAT)+4sm+1m+1m,核型类型为1A。通过对染色体的形态、短臂和长臂的长度、臂比及相对长度系数进行分析,可初步推断杂种F-3附加的可能是母本的7号和21号染色体。 相似文献
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平邑甜茶与扎矮山定子杂交后代的倍性鉴定及核型分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了确定平邑甜茶[Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd]与扎矮山定子[Malus Baccata(L.)Borkh]杂交后代的倍性特征和核型特点,以风油精为预处理液采用常规压片法对杂交后代进行染色体数目观察和核型分析,以亲本和普通山定子为对照。结果表明:供试材料中6株皱叶型株系均为四倍体,2n=4x=68。染色体均为小型,染色体长度比差异不大,核型组成由中部着丝点染色体(m)和亚中部着丝点染色体(sm)组成。株系10#、14#、15#、19#、28#、33#核型公式分别为,2n=4x=44m+24sm,2n=4x=60m+8sm,2n=4x=20m+48sm,2n=4x=52m+16sm,2n=4x=56m+12sm,2n=4x=48m+20sm,核型分别为1B、2B、2A、2B、1A和1B类型;1株光叶株系为非整倍体,2n=43,核型公式为2n=22m+18sm+3st,核型为2B类型。表现为株系之间的核型不完全相同。试验为丰富无融合生殖型砧木的育种理论,获得新的苹果无融合生殖型砧木提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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野生二粒小麦与野燕麦杂种核型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1989年用野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides Corn.2n=4x=28)与通北野燕麦(Avenafatua L.2n=6x=42)杂交成功,F_2分离出燕麦型、二粒小麦型、硬粒小麦型、斯卑尔脱型和普通小麦型。斯卑尔脱型F_4中的一个类型,与双亲野生二粒小麦和通北野燕麦的核型进行比较研究。杂种中有一对近端着丝点染色体,5对随体染色体。近端着丝点染色体来源于通北野燕麦,5对随体染体来源于双亲野生二粒小麦和通北野燕麦。证明野生二粒小麦与通北野燕麦杂种斯卑尔脱型是真杂种。 相似文献
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崖城割手密11号与拔地拉核型比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
热带种与割手密种是甘蔗有性杂交育种的主要亲本材料,为探讨其染色体的数目、类型等特征,采用核型分析方法对崖城割手密11号(Saccharum.spont.YC No.11)和拔地拉(Badila)进行了研究。结果表明:崖城割手密11号染色体数目为2n=64,核型公式为:2n=64=56m(2sat)+8sm,核型类型为2A型。拔地拉染色体数目为2n=80,核型公式为:2n=80=80m,核型类型为1B型。崖城割手密11号和拔地拉的核型在进化上属于比较原始的类型,而且崖城割手密11号的核型比拔地拉的核型更原始。 相似文献
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【研究目的】本研究旨在通过细胞学鉴定判断小麦属2个种间杂种的真实性,了解其亲本的染色体组及倍数性;【方法】本试验采用了常规染色体组型分析方法;【结果】分析和报道了小麦属2个种间杂种及其3个亲本的核型,根据核型分析的有关参数,阐明了两个杂种1894×Ps5、新7×Ps5及其亲本新7、1894和Ps5的核型特征,其核型分别为:新7(2n=6x=42):2M+12sm+28m(2SAT)(2B),1894(2n=6x=42):2M+20sm+18m(2SAT)+2st(2B),Ps5(2n=4x=28):2M+12sm(2SAT)+12m+2st(2B),1894×Ps5(2n=5x=35):2M+19m+12sm+2st(2B),新7×Ps5(2n=5x=35):1M+21m+13sm(2B);【结论】由此鉴定了2个杂种的真实性--均为真杂种,并确认了亲本新7和1894的第一套和第二套染色体均分别为A组和B组,倍数性均为6x,它们的第三套染色体属什么染色体组有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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应用改良的去壁低渗法研究比较了不同预处理剂对菠萝蜜染色体制片的效果及其染色体数目和核型。结果表明:以0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉与0.2%秋水仙素(1:1)混合液作为预处理剂,预处理3 h效果较好。菠萝蜜的染色体数目为2n=2x=56,为二倍体,主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体构成,9号染色体上附着一对随体;最长染色体/最短染色体为2.08:1,臂比大于2的染色体占全组染色体的3.5%,属2A核型,核型公式为2n=2M+50m(2SAT)+4sm。该文首次发现菠萝蜜可能存在B染色体。 相似文献
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巴西橡胶树PR107和海垦1号品种的核型分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
巴西橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)是重要的热带经济作物。PR107与海垦1号是我国橡胶树种植、育种的两个重要品种。利用染色体直接敲片技术研究橡胶品种PR107、海垦1号的染色体数目和核型。结果表明:PR107染色体数目为2n=36,核型公式为2n=36=30m(2sat)+6sm,海垦1号染色体数目为2n=36,核型公式为2n=36=22m(2sat)+14sm(2sat),两者核型类型均为2B型。 相似文献
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介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。 相似文献
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DENG Zhao-jing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(1):153-156
A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed. 相似文献
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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为:(1)布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。(2)四个分区(即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区)的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区(3)从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value. 相似文献
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Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
M. Auxiliadora Soriano Francisco Orgaz Francisco J. Villalobos Elías Fereres 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,21(4):465-476
Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha−1, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha−1, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha−1 for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
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The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa. 相似文献