基于ZigBee技术的精准农业的应用与研究

ZigBee技术是一种新型的无线网络技术,具有电磁干扰小、传输稳定、安全性高、成本低、功耗低等技术优势,可广泛应用于精准农业.本文提出了ZigBee无线传感器网络在精准农业中的应用,采用了ZigBee无线传感器网络和传输网络,提出精准农业应用中的组网实现方案,给出了ZigBee的应用系统体系结构、传感器节点结构、网络控...     

基于ZigBee与嵌入式技术的农业远程监测系统的设计

针对传统农业的局限性,分析了现阶段的ZigBee技术和嵌入式技术,提出了一种基于ZigBee组网技术和嵌入式控制技术的无线远程监控系统.该监控系统应用了ZigBee组网技术使得农业现场信息采集部分的成本低,复杂度低,并用GPRS发送信息至远程监控中心,监控中心根据信息及时发出控制命令,农业管理部门或农户及时采取相应措施,从而降低成本、有效地提高农作物产量.     

ZigBee技术在温室监控系统中的应用

分析了目前温室环境监控系统存在的问题和ZigBee的技术特征,介绍了基于ZigBee技术的温室监控系统的结构,阐述了网络节点的硬件设计,并讨论了应用中存在的问题.温室监控系统实现了对温室环境参数的监控,提高了可靠性、抗干扰性与灵活性.     

ZigBee技术在精准农业上的应用进展与展望

ZigBee技术是一种新型的无线网络技术,在精准农业的应用方面,与其他无线网络技术相比,ZigBee技术有着较大的优势。为此,对ZigBee技术的基础与特点做了简介,并对ZigBee技术在精准农业上的应用进展进行了分类阐述,其中包括总体结构的完善、协议栈的更新、数据处理模块的集成化、传感器的多样化、传输距离的延伸和供电设备及上位机软件等;举例描述了ZigBee技术在农业信息采集系统、温室环境监测系统及精准灌溉系统上的应用;最后,对ZigBee技术在精准农业上的发展进行了展望,并提出了发展建议。     

基于ZigBee技术的无线自动滴灌系统设计

ZigBee是近期大量研究与应用的一种短距离无线传输技术,在介绍该技术特点基础上,研究其在农田自动滴灌系统中的应用.采用网状拓扑结构、CC2430和CC2591芯片、水压传感器和电磁阀,设计了一种基于ZigBee技术包含土壤湿度监控的自动滴灌系统.该系统监控土壤湿度变化,通过无线传榆网络反馈传感信号,结合传感器融合技术...     

基于ZigBee的粮情监测无线传感器网络设计

在粮情测控系统中应用无线传感器网络技术是当前的趋势。本文基于ZigBee技术采用ZigBee 2007协议栈对粮情监测无线传感器网络进行设计。实现粮情检测、无线通讯和相关的控制功能,建立一个小型的ZigBee无线传感器网络对粮库粮情全数字测控系统进行模拟操作,验证ZigBee无线传感器网络通讯的可靠性和系统方案的可行性,得到较为满意的结果。     

基于无线传感器网络的环境温度湿度监测系统

针对目前所使用的有线环境监测系统的缺点,提出了一套基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的监测系统的设计方案.根据温度湿度监测系统的技术要求,设计了系统结构和硬件电路,并给出了软件流程.该系统采用无线数据传输实现通信,具有方便和安全的特点,解决了有线通信方式所存在的难以扩展、难以升级等问题,将有非常广阔的应用推广前景.     

基于ZigBee的精细农业监测系统的设计

基于ZigBee无线技术的物联网推动了精准农业的技术体系的广泛运用.文章根据精准农业监测目标的分散性和多样性,遵循通用化和模块化设计思想,采用CC2430芯片,设计一个基于ZigBee的精细农业监测系统.本系统可广泛应用于设施农业、农业园区的多种参数监测.     

基于ZigBee与GPRS的无线水文监测系统设计

针对水文监测系统的要求以及水文监控网络化的需求,分析了国内水文监测系统的发展状况,提出将无线传感器网络应用于水文水利监测系统中.介绍了基于ZigBee与GPRS无线传感器网络的水文监测系统的结构组成和适用于水文监测的ZigBee无线传感器网络拓扑结构.在硬件设计中,分别采用单片机和ARM微处理器与CC2500配合设计网络节点;在软件设计中,移植TinyOS操作系统和ZigBee协议栈,搭建软件开发平台.系统测试结果表明：ZigBee网络通信距离满足大部分水文监测需求,具有较高的可靠性及可扩展性,能方便的实现水文监测的网络化,其与GPRS技术优势相结合,是实现无线水文监测的一个非常理想的解决方案.     

基于ZigBee/GPRS的温湿度智能监测系统实现

针对传统有线温湿度监测系统布线困难等问题,设计并实现了一种基于ZigBee和GPRS无线通信技术的温湿度智能监测系统。该系统以CC2530微控制器为核心,通过运行ZigBee协议栈来实现ZigBee无线传感器网络的组建,以实现多点分布式采集;并通过GPRS远程通信技术,将采集到的温湿度参数传输到异地监测中心或用户移动终端。该系统具有采集精度高、稳定可靠及灵活性强等优点。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。