饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究饮用磁化水对羔羊生长、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响。选择12只20日龄、平均体重(5.57±0.36)kg的断奶小尾寒羊公羔,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只。在自由采食相同日粮条件下,试验组饮用磁化水,对照组饮用普通水。在95~110(试验前期)和215~230日龄(试验后期)分别进行消化代谢试验,并在240日龄进行屠宰性能测定。结果表明,在试验前期,磁化水组羔羊的干物质自由采食量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的表观消化率较对照组分别提高25.5%(P>0.05)、15.2%(P>0.05)、14.4%(P<0.05)、13.5%(P<0.05)、66.3%(P<0.05)、52.3%(P>0.05)、16.4%(P<0.05)和1.3%(P>0.05);在试验后期,分别提高15.3%(P>0.05)、9.0%(P<0.05)、8.8%(P<0.05)、7.7%(P<0.05)、20.6%(P<0.05)、33.5%(P<0.05)、9.8%(P<0.05)和14.5%(P<0.05)。在20~240日龄期间,磁化水组羔羊平均日增重较对照组提高40.8%(P<0.01)。磁化水组羔羊的屠宰活体重、胴体重、胴体净肉率、胴体瘦肉重比对照组分别提高40.8%(P<0.01)、52.3%(P<0.01)、8.8%(P<0.01)和66.2%(P<0.01)。综上所述,饮用磁化水可在一定程度上提高羔羊日粮表观消化率和日增重,改善羔羊的屠宰性能。     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.     

不同NDF水平饲粮对羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化、消化道重量及瘤胃乳头发育的影响

本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平饲粮对羔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、消化道重量及瘤胃乳头发育的影响。选用60只体况良好,体重为（3.23±0.20）kg的初生母羔羊,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只羊。试验羔羊于10日龄补饲开食料,开食料NDF水平分别为12%（12NDF组）、16%（16NDF组）、20%（20NDF组）和24%（24NDF组）的饲粮。试验期60 d,饲养试验所有羔羊均随母哺乳,消化试验所有羔羊不随母哺乳。结果显示：1）随着日龄的增加,羔羊的体重极显著增加（P<0.01）;各日龄阶段日增重均差异不显著（P>0.05）;随日龄的增加,羔羊干物质采食量（DMI）极显著增加（P<0.01）,饲喂不同NDF水平饲粮,各组羔羊DMI差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）24NDF组羔羊干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）采食量和总能（GE）摄入量显著高于16NDF、20NDF组（P<0.05）。24NDF组羔羊粗蛋白（CP）采食量显著高于20NDF组（P<0.05）;24NDF组羔羊中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）采食量极显著高于20NDF组（P<0.01）,20NDF组极显著高于16NDF、12NDF组（P<0.01）;24NDF组羔羊DM、OM表观消化率显著低于12NDF、16NDF组（P<0.05）,24NDF组GE表观消化率显著低于16NDF组（P<0.05）,但20NDF、24NDF组NDF、ADF表观消化率显著或极显著高于12NDF组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;24NDF组羔羊粪能显著高于12NDF、16NDF和24NDF组（P<0.05）。各试验组CP表观消化率和消化能差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）12NDF组羔羊全胃重显著高于16NDF、20NDF组（P<0.05）。12NDF组羔羊瘤胃重显著高于20NDF组（P<0.05）。12NDF组羔羊瘤胃占宰前活重的比例显著高于16NDF、20NDF和24NDF组（P<0.05）。12NDF组羔羊十二指肠重及十二指肠占宰前活重的比例显著高于16NDF组（P<0.05）。其余各指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,母羔羊在0~60日龄最适的NDF水平为16%~20%。     

饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响

旨在研究不同饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响。本试验选取46只161日龄,平均体重为（7 285±5.77）g健康的雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别按照自由采食组（AL,I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80,II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60,III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40,IV组）4个水平饲喂,预饲期7 d,试验期67 d,通过饲养试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、毛皮品质、器官发育及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADFI）呈极显著降低（P<0.01）,II组平均日增重（ADG）极显著高于IV组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组差异不显著（P>0.05）;饲喂水平对北极狐末重和料重比（F/G）无显著影响（P>0.05）,但II组末重略高于其他组,F/G略低于其他组。2）饲喂水平极显著影响了北极狐鲜皮长（P<0.01）,I组极显著高于III和IV组,与II组无显著差异（P>0.05）;随饲喂水平降低,体长、干皮长、针毛长和绒毛长均呈降低趋势,但各组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。3）饲喂水平显著影响了北极狐心脏重和心脏指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,II组心脏重显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组和IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组心脏指数极显著高于I组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）,而饲喂水平对肝、肾、肺和脾重及其脏器指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）随饲喂水平降低,毛皮增重、毛皮脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、毛皮沉积总能量、胴体脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、胴体蛋白沉积及其能量沉积和胴体沉积总能量均呈降低趋势,但饲喂水平对毛皮、胴体能量沉积各项指标均无显著性影响（P>0.05）。采用适当限饲（IR80）不影响冬毛生长期北极狐机体器官的正常发育,能够保证其体重增长及毛皮品质,提高了饲料转化效率,且还降低了机体能量沉积过度带来的肥胖风险。     

饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血液生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响。试验选取46只85日龄,平均体重为（3 198±281）g的健康雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别为自由采食组（AL）（I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80）（II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60）（III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40）（IV组）。预试期7 d,试验期55 d,通过饲养试验、血清学试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）IV组100日龄体重极显著低于I和II组（P<0.01）,与III组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组115日龄、130日龄、145日龄体重和平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于其他3组（P<0.01）,3组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADMI）呈极显著降低趋势（P<0.01）,III组料重比（F/G）极显著低于I和II组（P<0.01）,与IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）IV组血清葡萄糖（GLU）显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I和II组差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组血清胆固醇（CHO）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）,I、II和III组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）显著高于I和III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）;对血清甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、球蛋白（GLOB）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、M（IgM）和G（IgG）、补体3（C3）和补体4（C4）、胰岛素（INS）均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）随饲喂水平减少,毛皮脂肪沉积及其产热显著降低,I和II组显著高于III和IV组（P<0.05）,II组毛皮增重和沉积总能量显著高于IV组（P<0.05）,与I和III组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组胴体增重极显著低于其他3组,3组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;对毛皮蛋白沉积及其产热、胴体脂肪沉积及其产热、蛋白沉积及其产热和胴体沉积总能量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。采取适当限饲（IR60）降低了育成生长期北极狐血清中糖脂类指标含量,保证了机体正常的生长和健康状态,提高了饲料转化效率,进而增加了养殖生产效益。     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

日粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肉鹅生长性能及肉质性状的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅生长性能、体尺、屠宰性能、器官指数和肉质性状的影响。选取健康、体重相近的15日龄四季鹅256只（公母各半）,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,3个试验组分别添加10%、20%和30%苜蓿草粉。每组4个重复,每个重复16只鹅。饲养至70日龄时,测量其各项体尺指标,每个重复选取4只鹅屠宰取样,测定屠宰性能、器官指数及肉质性质。结果表明：与对照组相比,日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长、胸宽、胫长、屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率等均无显著影响（P>0.05）,添加20%和30%苜蓿草粉显著提高了鹅的胸深（P<0.05）,添加30%苜蓿草粉显著降低了鹅的全净膛率（P<0.05）,添加10%苜蓿草粉显著提高了腿肌率（P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,苜蓿草粉组腹脂率均显著降低（P<0.05）,肝脏指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数均显著提高（P<0.05）,但胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失同时也提高了（P<0.05）;10%、30%苜蓿草粉组十二指肠指数均显著提高P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可改善四季鹅的屠宰性能（增加胸深、提高腿肌率、降低腹脂率）,提高器官指数（肝脏指数、十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数）,但会提高胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失;且添加过多的苜蓿草粉（30%）还会显著降低全净膛率。综合考虑,四季鹅日粮中以添加10%苜蓿草粉为宜。     

断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、脂肪沉积分布和屠宰性能的影响

旨在观察断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积分布以及血清脂肪因子的影响,为通过脂肪沉积部位干预提高脂尾型绵羊生产效益提供参考。选择血缘清楚、体重接近的5日龄健康兰州大尾羊羔羊18只,随机分为对照组(C组)和试验组(T组),每组9只羔羊,试验组羔羊采用橡皮圈结扎法断尾。试验期间两组羊日粮相同,均饲喂全价配合饲料(精粗比为70∶30),自由饮水。试验期240 d。结果表明：1)兰州大尾羊羔羊断尾后的30 d内,断尾组羔羊日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);31～240 d各阶段两组试验羊日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断尾组羊的体重在断尾后的前3个阶段(断尾90 d内)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),随后各阶段两组试验羊的体重无显著差异(P>0.05);料重比在断尾后的61～90 d内,显著小于对照组(P<0.05),其余阶段和整个试验期差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)断尾后0～60 d内兰州大尾羊血清TNF-α较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),61～240 d断尾组羊血清中TNF-α浓度数值上一直高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>...     

枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄羔羊生长和器官发育及肌肉脂肪酸的影响

旨在研究代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）对7~28日龄羔羊生长性能、组织器官、腹泻率及肌肉组织脂肪酸含量的影响。本研究选取体况发育良好的7日龄湖羊公羔（双羔）30只,按同质性原则将羔羊随机分为2组,每组15只,每只为1个重复,给2组羔羊分别饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌含量为0和0.2%的代乳粉,试验期为21 d。在7、14、21和28日龄晨饲前进行称重,计算各生长阶段的平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）。并且每天饲喂羔羊的同时观察羔羊腹泻情况,计算羔羊腹泻率。在28日龄时每组随机选择8只羔羊进行屠宰,屠宰后称量各组织器官重量,计算其相对指数,并采集羔羊背最长肌和肱二头肌,测量肌内脂肪含量。结果表明：1）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~14日龄羔羊的末重（P<0.05）,显著提高了15~21日龄和22~28日龄羔羊的平均日增重（P<0.05）,有提高7~28日龄羔羊平均日增重的趋势（P=0.100）;对7~28日龄羔羊腹泻率的无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~28日龄羔羊胰腺重量（P<0.05）,显著增加了蹄占宰前活重比例（P<0.05）,对其他组织器官没有显著影响（P>0.05）。3）枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄羔羊皮张发育无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了羔羊背最长肌不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid,UFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）（P<0.05）,显著提高了十五烷酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）∶UFA （P<0.05）;显著降低了羔羊肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶PUFA （P<0.05）,显著提高了PUFA、n-6PUFA、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA （P<0.05）。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄湖羊羔羊腹泻率、器官和皮张的发育无显著影响,但羔羊平均日增重和胴体重有升高趋势。枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中UFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量和肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量,显著提高了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中SFA：UFA的含量和肱二头肌中PUFA、n-6PUFA、SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA的含量,表明枯草芽孢杆菌可通过对肌内脂肪酸组成比例和含量的影响,起到改善湖羊羔羊肉品质的作用。     

Effect of Aerosol OT and Paraformaldehyde Supplement on the Voluntary Intake,Digestion and Metabolism of Late-pregnant Ewe Fed with Ground Diet

The Small-tail Han ewes with 3 years old, (48.7±2.0)kg body weight, carring the multi-lamb gene, were fed with the same diet, mating after one month.18 pregnant ewes were selected and divided into 3 groups(groups 1(control group), 2 and 3).From 90 days of pregnancy, groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with aerosol OT(800 mg/kg) and paraformaldehyde(300 mg/kg), respectively, and the experiments of digestion and metabolism were carried on from 121 to 130 days of pregnancy to study the effect of aerosol OT and paraformaldehyde supplements on the voluntary intake, digestion and metabolism, lambing of late-pregnant ewes.The results showed that when fed with aerosol OT, the voluntary intake of dry matter was increased by 13.0%(P<0.01);The amount of digestion of DM, OM, CP, cellulose and GE was increased by 12.4%(P<0.05), 14.4%(P<0.01), 23.2%(P<0.01), 15.2%(P>0.05) and 27.4%(P<0.01), respectively;The retention of N, Ca and P was increased by 31.1%(P<0.01), 48.5%(P<0.01) and 31.9%(P<0.01), respectively;The serum triglyceride and free fatty acid content tended to decrease;but the apparent digestibility of the dietary nutrients were not significantly affected(P>0.05);The loss of ewe postpartum weight was reduced by 61.9%(P<0.01), a nest of lamb weight was increased by 4.2%(P>0.05).In the condition of feeding paraformaldehyde, the voluntary intake of dry matter was increased by 12.6%(P<0.01);The amount of digestion of DM, OM, CP, cellulose and GE was increased by 15.4%(P<0.01), 16.2%(P<0.01), 22.4%(P<0.01), 14.2%(P>0.05) and 29.0%(P<0.01), respectively;The retention of N, Ca and P was increased by 33.5%(P<0.01), 48.9%(P<0.01) and 36.3%(P<0.01), respectively;But the apparent digestibility of the dietary nutrients were no significantly affected(P>0.05);The serum β-hydroxybutrate and free fatty acid content tended to decrease;The loss of ewe postpartum weight was reduced by 57.1%(P<0.01), a nest of lamb weight was increased by 11.1%(P<0.05).This study showed that by feeding aerosol OT or paraformaldehyde, the intake, digestibility of Ca, P and N could be improved in late-pregnant ewe, the body weight loss, body fat mobilization could be reduced, and the birth weight of litter could be increased.     

粉碎日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT和多聚甲醛对妊娠后期母羊采食量和消化代谢的影响

在相同日粮条件下饲养3岁左右,体重(48.7±2.0)kg、具有多羔基因的小尾寒羊空怀母羊群,1个月后进行配种,从中选取18只妊娠母羊,随机分为3组(试验1(对照组)、2、3组),从妊娠90 d起,给试验2、3组分别添喂气溶胶OT(800mg/kg)和多聚甲醛(300mg/kg),并在妊娠第121~130天进行消化代谢试验,以研究添喂气溶胶OT和多聚甲醛对妊娠后期母羊自由采食量、消化代谢和产羔等的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添喂气溶胶OT绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加13.0%(P<0.01);干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和总能的消化量分别增加12.4%(P<0.05)、14.4%(P<0.01)、23.2%(P<0.01)、15.2%(P>0.05)和27.4%(P<0.01);氮、钙和磷保留分别增加31.1%(P<0.01)、48.5%(P<0.01)和31.9%(P<0.01);血清甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸含量趋于降低;但日粮养分消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);母羊体重下降减少61.9%(P<0.01),羔羊出生窝重增加4.2%(P>0.05)。添喂多聚甲醛,绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加12.6%(P<0.01);干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和总能的消化量分别增加15.4%(P<0.01)、16.2%(P<0.01)、22.4%(P<0.01)、14.2%(P>0.05)和29.0%(P<0.01);氮、钙和磷保留分别增加33.5%(P<0.01)、48.9%(P<0.01)和36.3%(P<0.01);而日粮消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);母羊血清β-羟丁酸和游离脂肪酸含量趋于降低;体重下降减少57.1%(P<0.01),羔羊出生窝重增加11.1%(P<0.05)。本研究表明,添喂气溶胶OT或多聚甲醛,均可提高妊娠后期母羊的自由采食量,提高消化量和钙、磷消化率,增加氮保留,减少妊娠母羊体脂的动员或利用,减缓体重下降,提高产羔窝重。     

不同屠宰体重对苏山猪屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

试验旨在探讨不同屠宰体重对苏山猪屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响,从而确定苏山猪最佳屠宰体重。选用60头30 kg左右的苏山猪,公母各半,随机分成A、B、C组,每组20头,平均体重分别达到90、100、110 kg时,每组选取3头公猪、3头母猪进行屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质测定。结果表明：随着苏山猪屠宰体重的增加,各组屠宰性能存在较大差异,A组瘦肉率为63.18%,显著高于B、C组（P<0.05）;C组板油重、肩部最厚处背膘厚、倒数第3~4肋骨处背膘厚显著高于A组（P<0.05）;3个处理组屠宰率、皮率、骨率以及脂肪率等指标无显著差异（P>0.05）;3个处理组背最长肌水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪无显著差异（P>0.05）,但A组的粗灰分显著高于B、C组（P<0.05）;B组肌肉L^*值为43.50,显著高于C组（P<0.05）,C组pH_{1 h}和pH_{24 h}分别为6.40和5.83,显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）高于A、B组。随屠宰体重增长肌肉内饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸呈上升趋势,多不饱和脂肪酸呈下降趋势,其中C组饱和脂肪酸显著高于A组（P<0.05）;A组总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸均高于B、C组,但差异均未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。因此,综合考虑,苏山猪的最佳屠宰体重为90 kg左右。     

26~45日龄竹丝鸡饲粮粗蛋白质需要量研究

【目的】 研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对26~45日龄竹丝公鸡生长性能、胴体性状和血清生化指标的影响,为此生长阶段粗蛋白质精准供给提供理论基础。【方法】 1 625只26日龄竹丝肉公鸡根据体重一致原则分为5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复65只鸡,各处理组饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为18.5％、19.5％、20.5％、21.5％和22.5％,试验期20 d。每个重复于试验结束当天挑选接近平均体重的2只鸡屠宰,制备血清和分割屠体,测定胴体性状和血清生化指标。【结果】 ①饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),随着粗蛋白质水平的升高,终末体重和平均日增重呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01),料重比呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡平均日采食量和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著或极显著影响肉鸡屠宰率(P<0.01)、半净膛率(P<0.01)和全净膛率(P<0.05),但对胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著影响(P>0.05),且屠宰率和半净膛率随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。③饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.01),且TC含量随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性降低(P<0.05)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡血清尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三酯(TG)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】 饲粮21.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善肉鸡生长性能,19.5％~20.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善胴体性状,18.5％粗蛋白质水平可调节脂代谢。根据二次曲线模型估测,建议此生长阶段竹丝鸡饲粮粗蛋白质水平为21.41％~21.83％,可获得最佳生长性能。     

不同饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能和器官发育的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏等器官发育的影响。【方法】采用单因素试验方法,选择体况健康、体重相近(20.00±1.50 kg)的多胎萨福克公羊18只,随机分成3组,每组6只,试验Ⅰ组自由采食,试验Ⅱ组饲喂自由采食量的60%,试验Ⅲ组饲喂自由采食量的40%。当试验Ⅰ组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时,将所有试验羊屠宰,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和发育情况。预饲期7 d,正试期50 d。【结果】(1)随着饲喂水平降低,试验羊平均干物质采食量(ADMI)、终末体重、净增重、平均日增重(ADG)均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。(2)试验Ⅰ组胴体重、胴体净肉重和脂肪重显著高于试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉率显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组骨重、肉骨比和腹脂重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。(3)试验Ⅰ组瘤胃重量最高,试验Ⅲ组最低,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.0...     

发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

饲粮可代谢生脂物质对生长猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在探究可代谢生脂物质（MLS）对生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状的影响。挑选体型相似、体重为28.15 kg±4.51 kg的18头健康杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂营养水平相同但MLS水平不同的饲粮,MLS水平分别为70.51（Ⅰ组）、68.09（Ⅱ组）和40.58 g/d（Ⅲ组）,试验期28 d,测定生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质相关指标。结果表明：不同MLS水平对猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响均不显著（P>0.05）;3组中Ⅱ组的料重比最低。3组间生长猪屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积等胴体指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3组中,Ⅲ组的熟肉率显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,而其他肉品质指标如亮度值、大理石评分、滴水损失等均无显著差异（P>0.05）;屠宰后45 min及24 h肌肉pH变化差异很小（P>0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲喂3种不同MLS水平饲粮,生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状大部分指标差异均不显著,但对于优化配方以及今后的生产具有指导意义。     

Effects of Fermented Peanut Vine on Production Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Feces' Routine Ingredients in Muscovy Ducks

The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional value of fermented peanut vine and its effects on the production performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and feces' routine ingredient in Muscovy ducks.The feasibility of fermented peanut vine that applied to grain-saving feeding in Muscovy ducks was also explored.Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 repetitions in each group,15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group were fed with basic diet,while in group Ⅰ were fed with 90% basic diet+10% fermented peanut vine,in group Ⅱ were fed with 85% basic diet+15% fermented peanut vine and in group Ⅲ were fed with 80% basic diet+20% fermented peanut vine.After 7 days pre-feeding period and 48 days feeding period,production performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes were then measured.Meanwhile,serum,muscle and fresh feces were collected for measurement of the levels of biochemical indexes and feces'routine ingredients.The results showed that:① Compared to unfermented peanut vine,CP and Ca levels of fermented peanut vine were elevated by 31.82% (P<0.01) and 97.40% (P<0.01) respectively,while CF,P and H₂O levels were decreased by 2.35% (P<0.05),20.69% (P<0.05) and 53.23% (P<0.01) respectively.Nutritional value of fermented peanut vine was clearly increased.② Compared to control group, F/G of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 6.51% (P<0.01) and 6.84% (P<0.01) respectively.The leg muscle rate of groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were improved by 20.50% (P<0.05),25.55% (P<0.05) and 9.27% (P>0.05) respectively,and liver indexes were increased by 9.90% (P>0.05)、12.23% (P<0.05) and 3.18% (P>0.05) respectively,gizzard indexes were elevated by 17.70% (P<0.05),30.82%(P<0.05) and 36.66% (P<0.05) respectively,and glandular stomach indexes were increased by 1.37% (P>0.05),32.99% (P<0.05) and 36.43% (P<0.05) respectively.③ Fermented peanut vine could affect the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,A/G,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,UREA,UA and CRE in serum of Muscovy ducks.Compared to control group,N,P,K and H₂O levels in feces of ducks were decreased in the test groups.In conclusion,10% and 20% fermented peanut vine could markedly improve the production performance,reduce cost to gain ratio,and did not affect meat performance.But fermented peanut vine might affect the function of liver,kidney and immune in Muscovy ducks.     

隔栏补饲时间对杜湖杂交羔羊生长性能、羊毛品质和血清生化指标的影响

试验通过研究不同隔栏补饲时间对杜湖杂交羔羊生长性能、羊毛品质和生化指标的影响，以确定最佳的羔羊隔栏补饲时间。选取体重均匀、体况相近的健康公羔180只，分为3组，每组60只，15日龄时开始隔栏补饲，40日龄时结束，Ⅰ组每日隔栏补饲时间为6 h，Ⅱ组从6 h过渡至10 h，Ⅲ组从6 h过渡至12 h。试验开始和结束当天晨饲前对羔羊称重测定其生长性能指标，试验结束当天采集毛样和血样测定羔羊羊毛品质及血清生化等相关指标。结果表明，随着隔栏补饲时间的延长，羔羊表现出平均日增重逐渐增大、采食量下降、料重比减小的趋势，但组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。羔羊体侧部羊毛中有髓毛与无髓毛的比例在不同组间差异显著（P<0.05），有髓毛占比Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组，无髓毛占比Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组，无髓毛比例随隔栏补饲时间的延长而增加，其他羊毛指标组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组羔羊血清甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ和Ⅱ组羔羊血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酐含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酸激酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。综合分析，羔羊15~40日龄与母羊逐渐隔离，随着羔羊隔栏补饲时间的延长，其生长性能得到了提高。隔栏补饲时间最长的Ⅲ组，其平均日增重、料重比及羊毛品质均优于其他组。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine Ultra-fine Powder on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Hetian Fowl

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder(CCMUP) on Hetian fowl growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality.630 one-day-old male Hetian fowls were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates per group and 35 animals per replication.The control group(CG) was fed with basal diet, the compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder groups(CCMUPG) and the antibiotic groups(AG) received the same diet supplemented with 1% CCMUP or antibiotic of livestock, respectively.The 130 d experiment was divided into 4 periods.The results showed as follow:①The weight in CCMUPG were all significantly higher than those of CG during the 4 periods of trial(P<0.05).The weight in CCMUPG and AG had no significant difference in other 3 periods of trial except the 28 d(P<0.05), ADFI, ADG and F/G in CCMUPG were better than that of CG in different degree.②Both the dressing percentage and the leg muscle percentage in CCMUPG were higher than those of CG(P<0.05; P<0.01), and the slaughter performance in CCMUPG was not significant different from AG(P>0.05).③Between CCMUPG and CG in the lightness of meat, pH, the shearing force and the drip loss rate had no difference(P>0.05), pH, lightness of meat and the shearing force at 24 h in CCMUPG were significant different from AG(P<0.05).It was concluded that dietary addition of CCMUP could increase the growth performance of Hetian fowl, which was equal to the antibiotic of livestock, and improve the slaughter performance and the meat quality.