两种木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和养分代谢率的影响

试验旨在探讨不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响。将1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡540羽,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复30羽,试验期42 d。对照组饲喂小麦-玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验A、B组分别饲喂基础日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶和200 g/t细菌产木聚糖酶的试验日粮,木聚糖酶酶活均为30 000 IU/g。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验A、B组的平均日增重和粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观代谢率及日粮表观代谢能均显著提高（P < 0.05）,料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）,粗蛋白质表观代谢率分别提高了5.90%（P < 0.05）和3.54%（P > 0.05）。试验A、B组之间各测定指标没有显著差异（P > 0.05） 。上述结果表明日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶或细菌产木聚糖酶均能提高养分代谢率,改善肉鸡生长性能,木霉产木聚糖酶的效果稍好于细菌产木聚糖酶。     

真菌产与细菌产木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、小肠绒毛形态和血液生化指标影响的比较

本文旨在探讨2种木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、消化器官发育、小肠绒毛形态和血液生化指标的影响。将1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡540羽随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复30羽。对照组饲喂玉米-小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验A组、B组分别饲喂基础饲粮+200 g/t真菌产木聚糖酶、基础饲粮+200 g/t细菌产木聚糖酶。试验期42 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)试验组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比均有一定程度的降低,其中试验A组显著降低(P0.05);2)试验组血清葡萄糖含量及碱性磷酸酶和肌酸激酶活性显著提高(P0.05),血清中甘油三脂、尿素氮含量显著降低(P0.05);3)试验组腺胃和胰腺相对重量显著降低(P0.05);4)试验A组、B组空肠绒毛高度分别提高了14.81%和11.04%(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值分别提高了16.61%和12.70%(P0.05)。由此可知,在黄羽肉鸡饲粮中添加200 g/t真菌或细菌产木聚糖酶,均能改善小肠绒毛发育和机体的免疫力,提高生长性能,且2种酶之间效果差异不显著。     

小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究在小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及肠道微生物菌群的影响,探讨适宜的木聚糖酶添加水平。选择80头健康、平均体重40 kg的"杜×长×大"生长猪,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪。正对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,负对照组饲喂小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,木聚糖酶组分别饲喂在负对照基础饲粮上添加500、1 000和2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶的试验饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶可极显著提高生长猪平均日增重(P<0.01),显著或极显著提高平均日采食量和营养物质表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶组效果最好,平均日增重和平均日采食量分别提高了26.0%和16.5%(P<0.01);2)小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶显著或极显著提高了生长猪血清葡萄糖、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸和D-木糖含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),极显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P<0.01);3)饲粮组成和木聚糖酶可显著影响猪肠道微生物菌群,添加木聚糖酶可维持动物肠道微生物菌群的平衡,2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶组肠道菌群结构和玉米-豆粕饲粮饲喂条件下接近。由此可见,添加2 000 U/kg的木聚糖酶可显著改善饲喂小麦基础饲粮生长猪的生长性能和营养物质表观消化率,维持肠道微生物菌群的平衡。在木聚糖含量为11.2%的生长猪小麦基础饲粮中,木聚糖酶的适宜添加水平为2 000 U/kg。     

黑麦日粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道食糜粘度的影响

本文用１８０只肉仔鸡,进行饲养试验,研究黑麦日粮添加４种不同酶制剂,ＮＱ、ＲＭ１、ＲＭ２和ＲＭ３,对肉仔鸡的生产性能以及肠道食糜及泄殖腔粪样粘度的影响。酶制剂ＮＱ和ＲＭ１含有高的木聚糖酶活（７７００ＩＵ／ｇ,３４５０ＩＵ／ｇ）能极显著改进（Ｐ＜０．０１）增重（８．４％,１６．０％）和饲料转化率（１５．４％,１４．４％）,ＲＭ２,含有相对低的木聚糖酶（６０ＩＵ／ｇ）和相对高的阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活（５．３ＩＵ／ｇ）,产生类似的效果（Ｐ＜０．０１）：增重提高１０．５％,饲料转化率提高１１．８％,然而ＲＭ３,由于含木聚糖酶活较低（５ＩＵ／ｇ）和较高的蛋白酶活（８０ＩＵ／ｇ）,则对增重无效,但亦可改善饲料转化率（６．４％,Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述酶制剂在降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样粘度方面与增重和饲料转化率有相同的趋势。一般说来,日粮中添加的酶量与食糜相应的粘度成倒数关系。这些结果证明：具有较高木聚糖酶活的酶制剂能明显降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样的粘度,从而改善饲喂黑麦日粮肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

为研究小麦型日粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,选择22日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复25羽。对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,小麦型日粮中分别添加250mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡腹脂率（P〈0.01）,而对全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有影响（P〉0.05）;显著提高了黄羽肉鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）以及血清中T3（P〉0.05）、T4、IgA（P〈0.01）和IgM（P〈0.01）水平,且均表现出试验Ⅱ组〉试验Ⅰ组〉对照组的规律,但脾脏指数却相反。结果提示,两种来源木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率和增强机体免疫功能,且细菌性木聚糖酶的提高幅度均高于真菌性木聚糖酶。     

丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响

试验旨在研究丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡384羽,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复24羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加250、500、750 g/t剂量的丁酸甘油酯替代40%的油脂饲喂,试验周期为42 d。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,饲料中添加丁酸甘油酯对于肉鸡的生长性能具有促进作用,其中中剂量组（500 g/t）添加效果最好。各剂量组肉鸡屠宰性能较空白对照组有所改善,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;与空白对照组相比,各剂量组十二指肠和空肠肠绒毛高度均有所提高,其中中剂量组与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,各剂量组隐窝深度有变浅的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;与空白对照组相比,中剂量组的粗脂肪和粗纤维表观消化率均显著提高（P<0.05）;大肠杆菌数量显著减少（P<0.05）,盲肠乳酸菌数量显著增加（P<0.05）。综上所述,基础日粮添加丁酸甘油酯能促进生长性能,提高饲料养分消化率,改善肠道形态和微生物菌群,肉鸡日粮中丁酸甘油酯最佳添加剂量为500 g/t。     

Effects of Butyrin on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Flora of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of butyrin on the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,slaughter performance,intestinal morphology and microbial flora of broilers.A total of 384 1-day-old Rose 308 broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,4 replicates per group and 24 broilers per replicate.The blank control group was fed on basal diet,the experimental groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with 250,500 and 750 g/t butyrin,respectively,which replaced 40% oil of the basal diet.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The result showed that compared with the blank control group,diets supplemented with butyrin had an promoting effect on the performance of broilers,and the middle dose group (500 g/t) was the best.The slaughter performance of supplemented groups showed a tendency to be improved,but there was no significant difference with blank control group (P>0.05);The height of duodenum and jejunum villus of middle supplemented group were significantly improved (P<0.05),and the crypt depth of supplemented groups tended to be reduced,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05);Compared with the blank control group,the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber of middle supplemented group were significantly improved (P<0.05);The amount of Escherichia coli of middle supplemented group was significantly decreased (P<0.05);And the amount of Lactobacillus was significantly improved (P<0.05).In conclusion,basal diet supplemented with butyrin could promote the growth performance,increase the nutrient digestibility,improve the intestinal morphology and microbial flora of broilers.The best supplemented level of butyrin for diets was 500 g/t.     

植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能及饲粮养分利用率的影响

饲养试验选用1日龄的良凤花鸡600羽,随机分为4组(每组设3个重复,每个重复50羽),A组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,B、C、D组的饲粮为分别以300、500、700 U/kg的植酸酶取代基础饲粮中的30%、50%、70%的磷酸氢钙。结果表明:0～4周龄,与对照组相比,C和D组平均日增重(ADG)分别极显著提高6.29%(P<0.01)和8.27%(P<0.01);平均料重比(F/G),组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。5～8周龄,与对照组相比,B、C和D组的ADG分别有所提高,F/G有所下降,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。B、C、D组鸡血清钙、磷、白蛋白、总蛋白、球蛋白含量随着植酸酶添加量的增加呈上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶活性随着植酸酶的添加而呈降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。消化代谢试验结果表明,添加不同水平的植酸酶替代饲粮不同比例的磷酸氢钙,肉鸡饲粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和能量的表观代谢率虽然比对照组有所改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);而磷的表观吸收率分别比对照组显著提高了25.39%～32.48%(P<0.01)。     

饲粮添加不同水平维生素D_3对肉仔鸡生长性能和骨磷代谢利用的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素D3(VD3)对肉仔鸡生长性能及骨磷代谢利用的影响。试验选用480只1日龄艾拔益加肉公雏,采用2×4双因子完全随机设计,设2个饲粮非植酸磷水平[0.45%和0.23%(实测值为0.44%和0.21%)]与4个VD3添加水平(0、1 000、2 000和4 000IU/kg),共8个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21d。结果表明,与0.21%非植酸磷水平相比,0.44%非植酸磷水平显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷含量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05);与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡ADG、15~21和1~21日龄ADFI、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05),显著降低1~21日龄肉仔鸡F/G(P0.05);0.21%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著降低肉仔鸡死亡率(P0.05),显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05),添加2000IU/kg VD3显著提高14日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05);0.44%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加VD3可提高肉仔鸡的生长性能并降低死亡率,促进磷在骨骼中的代谢利用。     

小麦日粮中木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长和养分消化率的影响

432只艾维因肉仔鸡用于研究小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶(320FXU/kg)或添加750U/kg植酸酶降低日粮中0.08％的非植酸磷后,对生长性能、日粮表观代谢能、粗蛋白和植酸磷表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明:无论是单一添加木聚糖酶或植酸酶,还是同时添加这两种酶,都能提高1-6周龄肉仔鸡的增重和饲料转化率,降低死亡率。添加木聚糖酶可提高肉仔鸡小麦日粮的表观代谢能2.14％,增加氮的存留量2.58％。750U/kg的植酸酶完全可以降低肉仔鸡小麦日粮中0.08％非植酸磷。添加植酸酶的处理组可提高植酸磷的表观消化率43.25％,减少植酸磷排泄量55.0％。植酸酶和木聚糖酶对全期饲料转化率和植酸磷的表观消化率表现有明显的正互作效应(P<0.05)。     

Effects of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed on performance,immunity, total antioxidant activity of serum and intestinal development of broilers

This experiment aimed to examine the effect of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) in comparison with using sub-therapeutic doses of lincomycin and the excessive inclusion of vitamin E on performance, immunity, total antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-d-old male broiler chicks with similar initial weight (Ross strain) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (8 chicks/pen): non-treated group (basal diet), basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg lincomycin, basal diet supplemented with 50 IU vitamin E, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter period, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter and grower periods and basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg throughout the whole experiment. The highest final body weight was obtained in the group supplemented with BPC in starter and grower periods. In the finisher phase, broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the starter period and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratios (FCR). Jejunal villus height was significantly elevated in broilers supplemented with antibiotic (P < 0.001), furthermore it tended to be greater in broilers fed BPC in the starter period. The jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in broilers fed the diet containing antibiotic in comparison to other groups. Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine tended to be elevated in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial (P > 0.05). Broilers supplemented with BPC in starter and grower, and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The highest total antioxidant capacity was obtained in broilers supplemented with the excessive level of vitamin E, furthermore it tended to improve in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial. In summary, the results of the study indicated that addition of BPC in broiler diets in the whole trial could improve FCR, immune responses and total antioxidant activity of serum, and BPC could be used in broiler diets as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics.     

α-酮戊二酸对黄羽肉鸡饲料代谢能和蛋白质代谢的影响

为研究α-酮戊二酸(AKG)对黄羽肉鸡饲料代谢能和蛋白质代谢的影响,试验选用42日龄的健康黄羽肉鸡24只(♀),随机分成A、B两组,每组6个重复,每重复2只鸡,其中,A组饲喂基础日粮,B组饲喂基础日粮并通过饮水方式按每只每天供给α-酮戊二酸2 g,代谢试验期为7 d。结果表明,AKG能显著提高黄羽肉鸡饲料净蛋白利用率,血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05),使饲料表观代谢能、平均日增重和血清白蛋白含量有一定程度提高,谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性一定程度降低。结果提示,AKG可提高黄羽肉鸡饲料代谢能和促进蛋白质沉积。     

Influence of phytase and xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet on ileal and total tract digestibility in growing pigs

The effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based pig diet on the ileal and total tract apparent digestibility of dietary components and minerals were studied in eight growing pigs fitted with a PVTC cannula in a randomized block design experiment. The diets (A and B) were similar in major ingredient composition and in nutrient content. In diet A, part of the limestone was replaced with di-calcium phosphate to increase the content of available phosphorus (P). Diet B was fed without or with supplementation with phytase (500 FTU/kg; diet BP), xylanase (4000 XU/kg; diet BX) and phytase + xylanase (500 FTU and 4000 XU/kg; diet BPX). There were no differences (P > 0.05) between diets in the ileal or total tract digestibility of organic matter (OM), NDF and crude protein (CP). The ileal and total tract digestibility for P and Ca differed (P < 0.05) between diets, while there were no treatment effects for Zn. The ileal and total tract digestibility for P and Ca was higher (P < 0.05) on diets BP and BPX than on the other diets. In conclusion, phytase improved the utilization of dietary P and Ca in a wheat-based diet, while xylanase had no additional benefits in terms of OM and CP digestibility or mineral utilization. Phytase had no effect on the digestibility of OM, CP or NDF.     

AFB1降解剂对肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢及AFB1在体内残留的影响

通过在含有黄曲霉毒素B₁（aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁）的肉鸡日粮中添加AFB₁降解剂,测定其对肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢及AFB₁在血液、肝脏及肌肉中残留的影响。试验选择42日龄健康AA肉鸡75只随机分为5组,每组设5个重复。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D和E组在基础日粮中分别添加400、200、400和800 μg/kg AFB₁。B组为负对照组,C、D和E组分别添加0.15% AFB₁降解剂,试验期为30 d。试验结束时,测定肉鸡的生长性能、营养物质代谢率、体内AFB₁含量及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：与AFB₁含量相同的B组相比,D组的平均日采食量和末重分别提高了32.45%、42.46%（P < 0.05）;与B组相比,其余各组的有机物、粗蛋白质、钙和磷的代谢率均有显著提高（P < 0.05）,D组的有机物和粗蛋白质消化率分别提高了9.50%和178.75%（P < 0.05）。血液、组织中AFB₁的测定结果表明,停喂AFB₁前,C组肝脏中AFB₁含量显著低于B组（P < 0.05）,停喂AFB₁24 h后,A和C组胸肌中AFB₁含量显著低于B、D和E组（P < 0.05）,停喂AFB₁48 h后,C、D组胸肌中AFB₁含量恢复到与对照组相同的水平。与B组相比,添加0.15% AFB₁降解剂的C、D和E组,血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力显著提高（P < 0.05）。由此可见,在含有AFB₁的日粮中添加AFB₁降解剂,可缓解AFB₁对生长的抑制,提高养分消化率,加速AFB₁在肉鸡体内的代谢,减少AFB₁对机体的损伤。     

Effects of high dietary vitamin A supplementation on tibial dyschondroplasia, skin pigmentation and growth performance in avian broilers

An experiment was conducted to study high dietary vitamin A on tibial dyschondroplasia, growth performance and skin pigmentation in broilers. One hundred and twenty Avian commercial broilers were randomly allotted to three treatments: group C (control group), in which broilers were fed basic diet containing vitamin A 5512IU/kg diet; group A, in which broilers were fed basic diet with addition vitamin A 35512IU/kg; group B, broilers were fed basic diet with supplement vitamin A 65512IU/kg. The experiment lasted 35d and at the end of the trial, broilers were killed and the right proximal tibiotarsi were dissected in longitudinal section for the assessment of TD incidence and TD index, skin from the same area of breast and tibia in broilers were collected to determine pigmentation. The results showed that a high level vitamin A significantly increased the rate of TD incidence and TD index, but middle level vitamin A did not have a significant effect on that. Both low and high retinoic acid decreased growth performance and skin pigmentation in broilers. It suggests that a high dietary vitamin A cause tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers, decreased growth performance and skin pigmentation. It is likely that the effect of vitamin A on TD is mediated through a depression of vitamin D status.     

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响。将180只1日龄体重相近、健康的黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复12只。阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,阳性对照组在基础日粮中添加0.3 g/kg那西肽和0.25 g/kg硫酸黏杆菌素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加1、2、3 g/kg谷氨酰胺。结果显示,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡免疫器官重量及免疫器官指数与阳性、阴性对照组相比差异均不显著(P＞0.05),且各试验组之间差异也不显著(P＞0.05)。45 d 时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡十二指肠、空肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶的含量低于阳性对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);与阳性对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和阴性对照组的十二指肠内容物中细菌数量均显著提高(P＜0.05)。77 d时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶的含量均与阳性对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);十二指肠黏膜蛋白质中分泌型免疫球蛋白A的含量均低于阳性、阴性对照组;回肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸及总酸的浓度均低于阳性对照组,高于阴性对照组。因此,在基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素可能会提高黄羽肉鸡的细胞免疫水平,改善小肠黏膜免疫功能。     

八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究八角及其精油和残渣对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育和养分利用率的影响。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,将1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡384只随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复8只。对照组肉仔鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组肉仔鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加5 g/kg八角(八角组)、0.2 g/kg八角精油(精油组)和5 g/kg八角残渣(残渣组)的饲粮。八角组和精油组饲粮中反式茴香脑含量为0.204 g/kg,对照组和残渣组饲粮中反式茴香脑含量低于0.005 g/kg。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)八角组和精油组肉仔鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05),残渣组与对照组没有显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组和残渣组相比,饲粮中添加八角和八角精油显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄体重(P0.05)。2)与对照组和残渣组相比,八角组和精油组肉仔鸡空肠的相对长度显著提高(P0.05),同时精油组小肠的相对重量显著提高(P0.05);此外,八角组和精油组肉仔鸡空肠的相对重量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)与对照组和残渣组相比,饲粮中添加八角和八角精油显著提高了十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度(P0.05)。4)精油组粗蛋白质的表观和真实利用率及表观和真实代谢能均显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加5 g/kg八角或0.2 g/kg八角精油均可改善肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道发育,并提高肉仔鸡对养分的消化利用,而添加5 g/kg八角残渣没有此作用效果。     

Effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows

The effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. Twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and NSP content. Exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (SBPS) for tapioca created the difference in starch and NSP ratio in the diet. On a DM basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% SBPS. Sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance energy requirements. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured per group during a 7-d experimental period, which was preceded by a 33-d adaptation period. Both digestibility and metabolizability of energy decreased with increasing dietary SBPS content (P < 0.05). Heat production and energy retention were unaffected by the exchange of starch for NSP (P > 0.1). Based on energy retention data and apparent fecal digestibilities of crude protein, crude fat, starch, and NSP, the estimated net energy value of fermented NSP was 13.4 kJ/g. The present study shows that group-housed sows are capable of using energy from fermented NSP (i.e., NSP from SBPS) as efficiently as energy from digested starch (i.e., starch from tapioca).     

不同玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物含量饲料中添加非淀粉多糖酶对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质消化率及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究不同玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)含量饲料中添加非淀粉多糖酶对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质消化率及抗氧化能力的影响。选用720尾初重为(13.00±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼,随机分为8个组,每个组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。D3、D6、D9、D12组为不加酶对照组,分别饲喂以玉米DDGS替代基础饲料中3%、6%、9%、12%鱼粉的试验饲料;D3+、D6+、D9+、D12+组为加酶试验组,分别饲喂以玉米DDGS替代基础饲料中3%、6%、9%、12%鱼粉并添加木聚糖酶(活性为120 163U/g,添加量为20g/t)和纤维素酶(活性为13 424U/g,添加量为300g/t)的试验饲料。试验期为9周。结果表明:大菱鲆幼鱼饲喂相同玉米DDGS含量的饲料时,加酶试验组的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率均高于不加酶对照组,但差异未达显著水平(P0.05)。各组大菱鲆幼鱼摄食率以及全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05),肥满度、肝体比和脏体比也无显著差异(P0.05)。大菱鲆幼鱼饲喂相同玉米DDGS含量的饲料时,加酶试验组的干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率均高于不加酶对照组,其中D9+组的干物质表观消化率较D9组显著升高(P0.05),D3+组的粗蛋白质表观消化率较D3组显著升高(P0.05),D12+组的粗蛋白质表观消化率较D12组显著升高(P0.05)。大菱鲆幼鱼饲喂相同玉米DDGS含量的饲料时,加酶试验组大菱鲆幼鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性均较不加酶对照组显著提高(P0.05),血清丙二醛的含量较不加酶对照组显著降低(P0.05)。由此得出,在不同玉米DDGS含量饲料中添加非淀粉多糖酶提高了大菱鲆幼鱼对饲料的利用效果。     

饲粮添加大豆卵磷脂乳化剂对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究在2种能量水平饲粮中添加大豆卵磷脂乳化剂对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和血清生化指标的影响。试验采用2×2因子完全随机区组试验设计,将960只1日龄科宝500白羽肉公鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡。各组试验鸡分别饲喂2个能量水平和2个乳化剂添加水平组成的试验饲粮,其中代谢能分别为12.13和11.92 MJ/kg(1～21日龄)、12.96和12.65 MJ/kg(22～49日龄),乳化剂添加水平分别为0和265 mg/kg(1～21日龄)、0和400 mg/kg(22～49日龄)。试验测定肉鸡生长性能,能量、干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪表观利用率,以及血糖、血脂和胆汁酸含量。结果表明:肉鸡采食正常能量饲粮前期(1～21日龄)平均日增重极显著高于低能量饲粮(P<0.01),肉鸡全期(1～49日龄)采食添加乳化剂的低能量饲粮料重比能达到正常能量饲粮水平;饲粮添加乳化剂有提高平均日增重和饲粮粗脂肪和能量表观利用率的趋势,可促进胆汁分泌,能显著降低前期及全期料重比(P<0.05)。结果显示,降低饲粮能量显著降低1～21日龄肉鸡平均日增重,提高1～21日龄和1～49日龄料重比;饲粮添加乳化剂能够改善饲料利用率,特别是在1～21日龄肉鸡低能量饲粮中效果更明显。