不同精粗比日粮对杜泊绵羊生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

为探讨不同精粗比日粮对不同生理阶段杜泊绵羊生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,本研究进行了2个试验。试验Ⅰ:选用体重20~35 kg断奶杜泊羔羊40只(公、母各半),随机分成4组,每组10只,分别饲喂精粗比为40:60 (A组)、50:50 (B组)、60:40 (C组)、70:30 (D组)的日粮,试验期70 d;试验Ⅱ:选用体重30~45 kg生长期杜泊羊40只(公、母各半),随机分成4组,每组10只,分别饲喂精粗比为35:65 (E组)、45:55 (F组)、55:45 (G组)、65:35 (H组)的日粮,试验期70 d。结果显示,试验Ⅰ:①随日粮精料比的增加,断奶杜泊公羊的平均日增重呈现增加趋势,而母羊为先增加后降低,总体A组显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),B、C、D组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);随日粮精粗比的增加,各组平均日采食量逐渐降低且差异显著(P<0.05),各组公羊料重比显著降低(P<0.05),而B组母羊料重比显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。②各组试验羊血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),而日粮精粗比对其他血清成分有不同的影响。③D组公羊平均日净利润比B、C组分别高53.02%、35.33%,B组母羊平均日净利润比C、D组分别高61.76%、54.49%。试验Ⅱ:①随日粮精料比的增加,生长期杜泊绵羊平均日增重基本呈现显著增加趋势(P<0.05),而G组母羊平均日增重最高且显著高于E组(P<0.05),F、G、H组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。随日粮精粗比的增加,各组平均日采食量逐渐降低(P<0.05),公羊的料重比逐渐降低(P<0.05),而母羊料重比呈现先降低后增加趋势,G组显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。②日粮精粗比对各组试验羊血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖含量影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),而对其他血清成分有不同的影响。③H组公羊平均日净利润比F、G组分别高69.49%、52.13%,G组母羊平均日净利润比F组高1 282.61%。综合各项指标分析,断奶杜泊公羔羊日粮精粗比以60:40较好,断奶杜泊母羔羊精粗比以50:50较好,断奶羔羊混群饲养,日粮精粗比为50:50较宜;生长期杜泊绵羊日粮精粗比均为55:45较适宜。     

发酵中药对蛋鸡生长性能、抗体水平及肠道菌群的影响

【目的】 研究发酵中药对蛋鸡生长性能、抗体水平和肠道微生物菌群的影响。【方法】 选用1日龄科宝蛋鸡84只,预饲至13日龄,于14日龄进行正式试验,将雏鸡随机分为7组,每组单笼饲养,每笼12只,分别为空白对照组（A组）,复方中药组（B组）,发酵中药低剂量组（C组）、中剂量组（D组）、高剂量组（E组）,发酵菌液组（F组）,对照药物黄芪多糖组（G组）。试验期间记录每日给料量与剩料量,于试验第1（14日龄）、14（28日龄）、28（42日龄）天清晨空腹称重,计算各阶段平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比。于试验第7、14、21、28天每组鸡翅下静脉采血,用于抗体效价的检测。试验结束后对A、B、D、F、G组鸡进行剖检,每组取5只鸡的盲肠内容物进行高通量测序分析。【结果】 试验第1~14天,D、E组平均日采食量均极显著高于A、F、G组（P<0.01）,D、E组平均日增重极显著或显著高于A、F组（P<0.01;P<0.05）;F、G组料重比均极显著低于其他各组（P<0.01）。试验第15~28天,C、E组平均日采食量均显著高于B、F组（P<0.05）,B组平均日增重极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,E组显著高于A组（P<0.05）;B组料重比极显著低于其他各组（P<0.01）,D、E、F、G组料重比均极显著低于A组（P<0.01）。试验第7天,各组鸡血清抗体效价均无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验第14天,E组抗体水平均显著高于A、F、G组（P<0.05）;试验第21和28天,E组抗体水平显著高于A组（P<0.05）。D组Chao1和Observed species指数最高,但与其他组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。在门水平上,D和G组盲肠中拟杆菌门相对丰度均显著高于A组（P<0.05）;在属水平上,D组盲肠中拟杆菌属相对丰度均显著高于A组（P<0.05）。【结论】 发酵中药可以提高鸡的生长性能和抗体水平,对肠道菌群有明显的调控作用。     

益生菌、低聚壳聚糖、酸化剂及复合酶对1~66日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌、低聚壳聚糖、酸化剂单独使用及与复合酶组合使用对1~66日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选用1 440只1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉公雏,根据体重一致原则分为8个处理组：对照组（无抗生素添加）、抗生素组（225 mg/kg金霉素+200 mg/kg恩拉霉素）、益生菌1组（500 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+200 mg/kg乳酸杆菌+1 000 mg/kg活性酵母）、益生菌2组（200 mg/kg混合菌产品）、低聚壳聚糖组（50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖）、酸化剂组（2 000 mg/kg苯甲酸+2 000 mg/kg柠檬酸）、无抗组合1组（50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖+1 000 mg/kg酸化剂+500 mg/kg复合酶）、无抗组合2组（益生菌1组+无抗组合1组）,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验分3个阶段,试验期66 d。结果显示,1~21日龄,与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组料重比显著降低（P<0.05）;与抗生素组相比,益生菌1、2组体重和平均日增重显著降低,无抗组合2组平均日增重显著降低,益生菌1组和无抗组合2组料重比显著升高（P<0.05）;低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组胸腺指数均高于对照组和抗生素组（P>0.05）;无抗组合1组血浆IgG含量高于抗生素组（P>0.05）,显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;除酸化剂组外,其他各组血浆IgM含量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组（P<0.05）。22~42日龄,益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1、2组体重、平均日增重均高于抗生素组,且低聚壳聚糖组平均日增重显著高于抗生素组（P<0.05）,益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1组料重比均低于抗生素组（P>0.05）;不同无抗组合对免疫器官指数和血浆生化指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。43~66日龄,不同无抗组合对生长性能和免疫器官指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）;益生菌1组、低聚壳聚糖组和无抗组合1、2组血浆IgM含量均高于抗生素组（P>0.05）,显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。益生菌2组和无抗组合1、2组腹脂率均低于抗生素组（P>0.05）,酸化剂组腹脂率低于对照组（P>0.05）,显著低于抗生素组（P<0.05）;益生菌2组和无抗组合1、2组45 min肉色L^*值低于抗生素组（P>0.05）,低聚壳聚糖组45 min肉色L^*值低于对照组（P>0.05）,显著低于抗生素组（P<0.05）。综合本试验3个阶段生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质等结果,推荐1~66日龄快大型黄羽肉公鸡基础无抗日粮中同时添加50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖、1 000 mg/kg酸化剂和500 mg/kg复合酶代替抗生素来提高生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质。     

The Effect of Gender on Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality in Sunite Sheep

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of gender on the slaughter performance and meat quality of Sunite sheep.Twelve 6-month-old Sunite rams and ewes at the same body condition were selected from the grazing herds of the Sunite Zuoqi Improvement Station Breeding Farm to determine their slaughter performance and meat quality.The slaughter test results showed that the bone quality and bone-meat ratio of the rams were significantly higher than that of the ewes (P<0.05),and the net meat quality and net meat rate of the ewes were significantly higher than that of the rams (P<0.05).The results of meat quality traits showed that the drip loss of ewes were significantly lower than that of rams (P<0.05),and the other indicators were not significantly different (P>0.05).The results of conventional nutrient composition of muscles showed that the intramuscular moisture content of the rams were significantly higher than that of the ewes (P<0.05),and the intramuscular fat content of the ewes were significantly higher than that of the rams (P<0.05),while the other indicators were not significantly different (P>0.05).The results of amino acid determination showed that the essential amino acid ratio in muscle of sunite ewes were significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the rams and ewes that formed the precursor amino acid content of meat flavor (P>0.05).Fatty acid measurement results showed that the saturated fatty acid ratio in the subcutaneous fat of rams was significantly lower than that of ewes (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ratio of saturated fatty acids in muscle fat and tail fat (P>0.05);The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids in ewes tail fat was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05).The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat was not significantly different between rams and ewes (P>0.05).The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in intermuscular fat of rams was significantly higher than that of ewes (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and tail fat (P>0.05).In summary,it showed that gender had a certain influence on the slaughter performance and meat quality of 6-month-old Sunite sheep.     

不同性别苏尼特羊屠宰性能与肉品质研究

本试验旨在研究性别对苏尼特羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。从苏尼特左旗改良站种羊场放牧群中选取体况相同、6月龄苏尼特羊24只（公母各半）,测定其屠宰性能和肉品质。屠宰试验结果显示,公羊骨重和骨肉比显著高于母羊（P<0.05）,母羊净肉重和净肉率则显著高于公羊（P<0.05）。肉质性状测定结果表明,苏尼特母羊的滴水损失显著低于苏尼特公羊（P<0.05）,其余指标则差异不显著（P>0.05）。肌肉常规营养成分结果表明,公羊肌内水分含量显著高于母羊（P<0.05）,母羊粗脂肪含量则显著高于公羊（P<0.05）,其他指标差异不显著（P>0.05）。氨基酸测定结果表明,苏尼特母羊肌肉必需氨基酸比率显著高于公羊（P<0.05）,形成肉品香味的前体氨基酸含量在公母羊间无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同部位脂肪酸含量测定结果表明,公羊皮下脂肪中饱和脂肪酸比率显著低于母羊（P<0.05）,肌内脂肪和尾脂中饱和脂肪酸比率公母羊差异不显著（P>0.05）;母羊尾脂中单不饱和脂肪酸比率显著高于公羊（P<0.05）,皮下脂肪和肌间脂肪中单不饱和脂肪酸比率在公母羊间差异不显著（P>0.05）;公羊肌内脂肪中多不饱和脂肪酸比率显著高于母羊（P<0.05）,而在皮下脂肪和尾脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量在公母羊间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,性别对6月龄苏尼特羊屠宰性能和肉品质均有一定影响。     

澳洲白绵羊美丽臀和肌肉生长抑制素基因基因型的检测

美丽臀(callipyge,CLPG)及肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)是全世界公认的与肌肉生长发育相关的基因,突变后分别产生“美丽臀”和“双肌”的优良性状。为研究国外进口品种澳洲白绵羊是否携带2种基因的突变位点,本试验以澳洲白绵羊为试验动物,采用PCR-RFLP技术对CLPG、MSTN基因的多态性进行分型。结果发现:CLPG基因上有1个C→T的SNP位点,澳洲白绵羊群体中有CC和CT 2种基因型;MSTN基因在3'-UTR区发现1个G→A的SNP位点,澳洲白绵羊群体中有GG和GA 2种基因型。用R语言程序对所测数据进行性别间不同基因型与生长发育状况的单因素方差分析得知,CLPG和MSTN基因不同基因型对澳洲白公羊体重、体高、体斜长、尻宽、背膘厚和眼肌面积均无显著性影响(P>0.05);CLPG基因CT基因型在母羊体重上显著高于CC基因型(P<0.05),在体斜长上极显著高于CC基因型(P<0.01),MSTN基因GA基因型母羊眼肌面积极显著高于GG基因型(P<0.01)。澳大利亚进口澳洲白绵羊中筛选到含有CLPG和MSTN基因的突变位点,且该突变位点对绵羊体尺性状有显著性作用,因此澳洲白绵羊引进后可以作为改良本地羊品种、基因聚合及三元配套系的终端父本。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血液生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响。试验选取46只85日龄,平均体重为（3 198±281）g的健康雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别为自由采食组（AL）（I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80）（II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60）（III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40）（IV组）。预试期7 d,试验期55 d,通过饲养试验、血清学试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）IV组100日龄体重极显著低于I和II组（P<0.01）,与III组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组115日龄、130日龄、145日龄体重和平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于其他3组（P<0.01）,3组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADMI）呈极显著降低趋势（P<0.01）,III组料重比（F/G）极显著低于I和II组（P<0.01）,与IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）IV组血清葡萄糖（GLU）显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I和II组差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组血清胆固醇（CHO）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）,I、II和III组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）显著高于I和III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）;对血清甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、球蛋白（GLOB）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、M（IgM）和G（IgG）、补体3（C3）和补体4（C4）、胰岛素（INS）均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）随饲喂水平减少,毛皮脂肪沉积及其产热显著降低,I和II组显著高于III和IV组（P<0.05）,II组毛皮增重和沉积总能量显著高于IV组（P<0.05）,与I和III组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;IV组胴体增重极显著低于其他3组,3组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;对毛皮蛋白沉积及其产热、胴体脂肪沉积及其产热、蛋白沉积及其产热和胴体沉积总能量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。采取适当限饲（IR60）降低了育成生长期北极狐血清中糖脂类指标含量,保证了机体正常的生长和健康状态,提高了饲料转化效率,进而增加了养殖生产效益。     

Whole-plant Corn Silage Quality Treated with Mixed Acids and its Effect on Sheep Growth Performance

In order to explore different concentrations of mixed acids in improving quality of whole-plant corn silage and their effects on growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.4 levels of 45% formic acid,45% propionic acid and 10% sodium propionate were mixed,and 0(control),0.3%,0.6% and 1% were added to 4 groups of ripening period whole-plant corn.The results showed that compared with control group,the experimental groups could significantly decrease the proportion of AA/PA in silage (P<0.05);0.3% and 0.6% groups had the better effects.Based on the result of CNCPS,0.6% group significantly improved the PB₃ component (P<0.05),reduced the CC component (P>0.05),and improved the quality of silage.Compared with control group,the experimental groups effectively inhibited the mold and yeast reproduction,improved the aerobic stability of silage.The feeding trial results showed that ADG and F/G of sheep in experimental groups were better than control group,and F/G of both 0.6% and 1% groups were significantly better than that in control group (P<0.05).In conclusion,treatment of mixed acids could improve the quality of whole-plant corn silage,and silage treated with 0.6% levels of mixed acids could significantly improve the growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.     

混合酸处理全株玉米青贮品质及其对绵羊生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同浓度混合酸对全株玉米青贮品质的影响,以及饲喂后对杜寒杂交(杜泊羊×小尾寒羊)F1代绵羊生长性能的影响。试验混合酸比例组成为甲酸45%、丙酸45%、丙酸钠10%,以蜡熟期全株玉米为青贮原料,分为4组,混合酸添加浓度分别为0(对照组)、0.3%、0.6%、1%。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组均显著降低了青贮中乙酸/丙酸的比值(P<0.05),且0.3%及0.6%组对全株玉米青贮品质改善效果较好。CNCPS结果显示,0.6%组显著提高了青贮中的慢速降解蛋白(PB₃)组分(P<0.05),同时降低了不可利用纤维(CC)组分(P>0.05),改善了青贮品质。与对照组相比,各试验组均有效地抑制了霉菌酵母菌的繁殖,改善了青贮的有氧稳定性。饲养试验结果发现,试验组绵羊平均日增重及料重比均优于对照组,其中0.6%及1%组绵羊的料重比显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,混合酸处理能改善全株玉米青贮品质;0.6%浓度混合酸处理青贮饲喂绵羊后可显著提高杜寒杂交F1代绵羊的生长性能。     

断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、脂肪沉积分布和屠宰性能的影响

旨在观察断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积分布以及血清脂肪因子的影响,为通过脂肪沉积部位干预提高脂尾型绵羊生产效益提供参考。选择血缘清楚、体重接近的5日龄健康兰州大尾羊羔羊18只,随机分为对照组(C组)和试验组(T组),每组9只羔羊,试验组羔羊采用橡皮圈结扎法断尾。试验期间两组羊日粮相同,均饲喂全价配合饲料(精粗比为70∶30),自由饮水。试验期240 d。结果表明：1)兰州大尾羊羔羊断尾后的30 d内,断尾组羔羊日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);31～240 d各阶段两组试验羊日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断尾组羊的体重在断尾后的前3个阶段(断尾90 d内)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),随后各阶段两组试验羊的体重无显著差异(P>0.05);料重比在断尾后的61～90 d内,显著小于对照组(P<0.05),其余阶段和整个试验期差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)断尾后0～60 d内兰州大尾羊血清TNF-α较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),61～240 d断尾组羊血清中TNF-α浓度数值上一直高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>...     

饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响

旨在研究不同饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响。本试验选取46只161日龄,平均体重为（7 285±5.77）g健康的雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别按照自由采食组（AL,I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80,II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60,III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40,IV组）4个水平饲喂,预饲期7 d,试验期67 d,通过饲养试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、毛皮品质、器官发育及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADFI）呈极显著降低（P<0.01）,II组平均日增重（ADG）极显著高于IV组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组差异不显著（P>0.05）;饲喂水平对北极狐末重和料重比（F/G）无显著影响（P>0.05）,但II组末重略高于其他组,F/G略低于其他组。2）饲喂水平极显著影响了北极狐鲜皮长（P<0.01）,I组极显著高于III和IV组,与II组无显著差异（P>0.05）;随饲喂水平降低,体长、干皮长、针毛长和绒毛长均呈降低趋势,但各组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。3）饲喂水平显著影响了北极狐心脏重和心脏指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,II组心脏重显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组和IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组心脏指数极显著高于I组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）,而饲喂水平对肝、肾、肺和脾重及其脏器指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）随饲喂水平降低,毛皮增重、毛皮脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、毛皮沉积总能量、胴体脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、胴体蛋白沉积及其能量沉积和胴体沉积总能量均呈降低趋势,但饲喂水平对毛皮、胴体能量沉积各项指标均无显著性影响（P>0.05）。采用适当限饲（IR80）不影响冬毛生长期北极狐机体器官的正常发育,能够保证其体重增长及毛皮品质,提高了饲料转化效率,且还降低了机体能量沉积过度带来的肥胖风险。     

13~17周龄雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平研究

【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观代谢率、能量利用和血清生化指标的影响,明确该时期雉鸡适宜的饲粮代谢能水平。【方法】选取13周龄、体重相近(734.63 g±18.03 g)的健康雄性雉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只雉鸡。采用单因素试验设计,各组饲粮代谢能水平分别设定为11.30(Ⅰ组)、11.72(Ⅱ组)、12.14(Ⅲ组)和12.56(Ⅳ组) MJ/kg,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。【结果】①饲粮代谢能水平极显著影响平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),其中Ⅳ组ADFI极显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)。料重比(F/G)在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最低。②饲粮代谢能水平对干物质(DM)表观代谢率和粗脂肪(EE)表观代谢率有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。粗蛋白质(CP)表观代谢率在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最高。③各组间摄入总能、排泄物总能和代谢能摄入量(MEI)均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组总能表观代谢率均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),其中Ⅱ组最高。④各组间血清胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅲ组甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著或极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01)。【结论】比较4个试验组,Ⅱ组雉鸡平均日增重(ADG)最高,F/G最低,且Ⅱ组雉鸡营养物质表观代谢率、摄入能量水平及能量利用率也较高,故Ⅱ组饲粮代谢能水平(实测值为12.30 MJ/kg)对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡较为适宜。     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

不同饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能和器官发育的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏等器官发育的影响。【方法】采用单因素试验方法,选择体况健康、体重相近(20.00±1.50 kg)的多胎萨福克公羊18只,随机分成3组,每组6只,试验Ⅰ组自由采食,试验Ⅱ组饲喂自由采食量的60%,试验Ⅲ组饲喂自由采食量的40%。当试验Ⅰ组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时,将所有试验羊屠宰,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和发育情况。预饲期7 d,正试期50 d。【结果】(1)随着饲喂水平降低,试验羊平均干物质采食量(ADMI)、终末体重、净增重、平均日增重(ADG)均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。(2)试验Ⅰ组胴体重、胴体净肉重和脂肪重显著高于试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉率显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组骨重、肉骨比和腹脂重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。(3)试验Ⅰ组瘤胃重量最高,试验Ⅲ组最低,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.0...     

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer (containing mainly dairy products) feeding and the dry milk replacer (containing mainly plant diet, etc)feeding.20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (10 calves per group), for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test.GroupⅠfed with milk replacer (commercial, 22% CP, 16% EE), groupⅡ fed with milk replacer (formulated, 22% CP, 16 MJ/kg DE).The results showed as follows:① 0 to 90 d ADG of group Ⅱ were higher than groupⅠ, 91 to 120 d ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups (P> 0.05).② There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Holstein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods (P> 0.05).③ Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of groupⅠcalves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (P< 0.05), increased by 11.88%, 11.04% and 8.12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05), but compared with group Ⅱ, the water lose rate of groupⅠincreased by 20.83% (P< 0.01).The content of EE of groupⅠwas significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, CP, Ash, Ca, P and Fe of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05).④Compared with groupⅠ, the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%.In summary, the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.     

肉用绵羊二元杂交组合的筛选及CLPG基因遗传效应研究

为了筛选出适宜于河北省唐山地区养殖的肉用绵羊最佳杂交组合,更好地指导生产实践,本研究以小尾寒羊为母本,分别以澳洲白羊（AWF）、杜泊羊和夏洛莱羊为父本,分3组进行杂交试验,其中,1组为澳洲白羊和小尾寒羊杂交（AH组）,2组为杜泊羊和小尾寒羊杂交（DH组）,3组为夏洛莱羊和小尾寒羊杂交（XH组）。对3组肉羊杂交F1代羊的生长性能和CLPG基因的遗传效应进行测定和分析。结果表明,在相同饲养条件下,除夏寒F1代母羊的初生重略低于澳寒F1代母羊外,夏寒杂交F1代羊的初生重（公羊）、断奶重、6月龄体重、初生到断奶时的平均日增重均为最高,且显著或极显著的高于杜寒和澳寒F1代羊（P<0.05,P<0.01）。断奶到6月龄时的平均日增重,杜寒F1代公、母羊均为最高,其次是夏寒F1代公、母羊,杜寒F1代公、母羊与其余两组均未达显著性差异（P>0.05）。3月龄体尺指标除了体长和胸宽,6月龄体尺指标除了体长和体高,其余均是夏寒F1代羊最大,且部分指标极显著高于澳寒F1代羊（P<0.01）。以上研究结果说明,夏寒F1代羊,基础体重较高,出生后生长速度始终较快,而杜寒F1代羊在断奶后表现出较快的生长速度。3个肉羊杂交组合F1代羊CLPG基因的遗传效应分析结果表明,CLPG基因的第41 bp处存在一个错义突变位点（g.C > T）,该位点有CC和CT 2种基因型,其中CC为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因。具CT型个体的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重以及3月龄和6月龄各体尺指标,均明显高于具CC型的个体。综合以上结果,提示夏洛莱羊与小尾寒羊杂交优势较为明显,T等位基因可促进肉用绵羊的生长发育,建议在河北省唐山地区进行肉羊生产时,尽可能选择夏寒杂交组合且携带有T等位基因的个体。     

Effect of Different Rearing Conditions of Indoor and Outdoor in Winter and Summer on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Heijiao MA Chicken

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.     

冬夏两季室内、外饲养对黑脚麻鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

为探究不同季节室内、外饲养方式对黑脚麻鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验在冬季、夏季各选用180只35日龄的黑脚麻鸡雌雏,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,分别进行室外放养和室内平养。在49、63、77、91日龄分别对黑脚麻鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清抗体效价进行测定。结果显示,①无论是冬季还是夏季,试验期室内平养的黑脚麻鸡体重均大于室外放养,冬季两试验组均差异显著(P<0.05),夏季仅在77日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),其余日龄差异均不显著(P>0.05);②夏季室外放养组黑脚麻鸡平均日增重(ADG)高于冬季室外放养组,料重比(F/G)显著低于冬季室外放养组(P<0.05),而室内平养组平均日采食量(ADFI)和ADG在两个季节间无显著差异(P>0.05);③在免疫功能上,冬季室内平养黑脚麻鸡免疫器官指数和新城疫(ND)抗体效价均大于室外放养组,而夏季室外放养组部分免疫器官指数和禽流感H5亚型(AI(H5))、ND抗体效价高于室内平养组;冬季两种抗体效价均高于夏季。综上所述,气候和季节是影响放养黑脚麻鸡生长性能及免疫功能的主要因素。