民猪FoxN1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在对民猪FoxN1基因的结构和功能进行初步探索。利用常规PCR技术对民猪FoxN1基因进行克隆,利用生物信息学手段对所获得FoxN1基因完整编码区序列进行分析,对民猪和大白猪的FoxN1基因序列进行比对,并构建分子进化树。结果显示,民猪FoxN1基因完整编码区长1 941 bp,编码646个氨基酸,分子质量为68.64 ku,理论等电点为5.81。FoxN1蛋白位于细胞核内,不存在信号肽,不是分泌性蛋白,不存在跨膜区,在第269-347氨基酸处有1个叉头结构域,该蛋白在不同的物种间有高度的保守性。克隆发现了3种转录剪切变异体,与变异体1相比,变异体2在第124-387核苷酸位置处发生缺失,变异体3在581-582处发生GCA插入。民猪与大白猪的FoxN1基因序列相比,存在4个突变位点,其中3个是同义突变,1个是错义突变,导致第108位的氨基酸发生了改变。由分子进化树得知,民猪与偶蹄目动物亲缘关系较近。上述结果表明FoxN1基因结构复杂,对其生物信息特性的探究将为进一步揭示民猪FoxN1基因的功能提供依据。     

基于重测序的民猪与大白猪SLAⅠ类基因多态性及抗病潜能差异分析

不同中外猪种对疾病的抵抗能力有一定差异，原因之一是不同猪种猪白细胞抗原（swine leukocyte antigen，SLA）分子的多样性不同。本研究旨在探究中外猪种的SLA基因差异，为阐明地方猪的抗病机理提供重要参考。本研究首先对健康的8头民猪以及4头大白猪进行基因组重测序，并对所获得的SNP进一步质控用于后续分析。使用VCFtools、GEVALT软件分析SLAⅠ类基因的SNP以及单倍型，并将SNP利用ENSEMBL中的VEP工具进行注释，在全局层面阐述两个猪种的SLAⅠ类基因多样性。通过Mega软件比对两猪种的经典SLAⅠ类基因外显子2和3的核苷酸及编码氨基酸序列，利用Expasy服务器上的ProtParam工具和Protscale程序分析蛋白质特性，并利用DnaSP软件计算核苷酸多样性，分析两个猪种经典SLAⅠ类基因抗原递呈能力的差异。结果表明，民猪的SLAⅠ类基因具有更多的SNPs和长度较短的单倍型块，并且错义突变的碱基数量较多。在经典SLAⅠ类基因的外显子2和3可分别鉴定出2个等位基因，民猪在等位基因上的核苷酸多样性要明显高于大白猪，并且民猪具有更多的碱基突变以及位于抗原结合位点上的氨基酸突变。两个猪种的经典SLAⅠ类基因氨基酸表现为亲水性，民猪的亲水性要强于大白猪。综上所述，SLAⅠ类基因在民猪上有更强的多态性。民猪经典SLAⅠ类基因的碱基突变数量和抗原结合位点上氨基酸突变的数量都要多于大白猪。本研究所检测到的民猪在经典SLAⅠ类基因ARSs上的变异可为猪抗病育种标记的筛选提供参考。     

The Polymorphism Analysis of Mx1 gene in Pig Populations from Different Genetic Background

In order to explore the polymorphisms of myxovirus resistance (Mx1) gene in pig populations from different genetic background,we cloned Mx1 gene and tested the polymorphisms on exon 2 of Mx1 gene in Min pig, crossbred from wild boars in Changbai Mountain with Min pig (crossbred wild boars) and Large White pig population using high resolution melting (HRM). The results showed that four Mx1 mRNAs were cloned from Min pig and crossbred wild boars, and they had whole ORF which was 1 992 bp in length and coded 663 amino acids. In the four Mx1 mRNA, there were 30 SNPs in nucleotide and 17 mutations in amino acid. The location of SNPs displayed that almost mutations located on two sides of the function domains in Mx1 protein. The polymorphism data in HRM test showed that the DD genotype was the dominant genotype which had the highest frequency in three populations. The DD genotype frequency was 100% in Large White pig population, 62.5% in crossbred wild boars, and 56.2% in Min pig.Some novel mutations in both nucleotide and amino acid on exon 2 region were explored in polymorphism test. In conclusion, there was more polymorphism of Mx1 gene in Min pig and crossbred wild boars.     

不同遗传背景猪群体黏病毒耐药蛋白1基因多态性分析

为探讨不同遗传背景猪黏病毒耐药蛋白1（myxovirus resistance,Mx1）基因的遗传多态性,本试验采用RT-PCR方法扩增克隆出猪Mx1基因并进行生物信息学分析,采用高分辨率熔解曲线法（HRM）对民猪、长白山野猪与民猪杂交猪（简称野杂猪）和大白猪3个群体Mx1基因外显子2区多态性进行分析。结果显示,从民猪及野杂猪中成功克隆出4条Mx1基因mRNA序列。该序列含有1个1 992 bp的完整开放阅读框（ORF）,编码663个氨基酸。比较发现4条Mx1基因序列中共含有30个SNPs位点,其中17个SNPs位点引起了氨基酸序列的变异。功能结构域分析发现,大部分氨基酸突变位点位于Mx1基因功能结构域两侧。HRM多态性分析显示,Mx1基因外显子2区DD基因型作为优势基因型在3个群体中具有最高的基因型频率,其中大白猪中DD基因型频率为100%,野杂猪为62.5%,民猪为56.2%。基因多态性分析还发现该区域存在更多的核苷酸及氨基酸突变位点,表明民猪和野杂猪Mx1基因存在更丰富的基因多态性。     

Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of PDK4 and FGF10 Genes in Guizhou Congjiang Xiang Pig

The objective of this study was to clone PDK4 and FGF10 genes, and investigate the expression level of PDK4 and FGF10 genes mRNA in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig. The PDK4 and FGF10 genes were cloned by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics, the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the coding region of PDK4 gene was 1 224 bp, encoding 407 amino acids; The coding region of FGF10 gene was 636 bp and encoded 211 amino acids. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of PDK4 gene with sheep, horse and human were 93%, 92% and 91%,respectively. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of FGF10 gene with sheep, cattle, human and mouse were 94%,93%, 93% and 90%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of PDK4 gene showed that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle and sheep were very close, the phylogenetic tree of FGF10 gene indicated that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle, sheep, human and macaque were very close, but the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, rat and chicken were far away. Real-time PCR results showed that, in different tissues of Congjiang Xiang pig,PDK4 gene expression in kidney tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in stomach and adipose as well,FGF10 gene expression in stomach tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in kidney and adipose as well, but both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes expression were the lowest in longissimus dorsi. In different tissues of Large White pig, both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were expressed the highest in adipose than other tissues, PDK4 gene expression in longissimus dorsi was the lowest, while the FGF10 gene expression the lowest in heart. This study successfully cloned the PDK4 and FGF10 genes of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig,and detected the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig, and also provided scientific basis for further study on regulation of PDK4 and FGF10 genes on lipid metabolism and deposition.     

贵州从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因的克隆及组织表达分析

试验旨在克隆获得PDK4、FGF10基因,并研究大白猪与从江香猪不同组织中PDK4、FGF10基因mRNA的表达差异。采用RT-PCR分别克隆从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因并进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PDK4、FGF10基因在大白猪和从江香猪不同组织中mRNA的相对表达量。结果显示,从江香猪PDK4基因的编码区全长1 224 bp,编码407个氨基酸;FGF10基因的编码区全长636 bp,编码211个氨基酸。经BLAST软件进行同源性比对,发现从江香猪PDK4基因与羊、马、人的核苷酸序列同源性分别为93%、92%和91%;FGF10基因与羊、牛、人、鼠的核苷酸序列同源性分别为94%、93%、93%和90%。由PDK4基因系统进化树可知,从江香猪与牛、绵羊亲缘关系较近;由FGF10基因系统进化树可知,从江香猪与绵羊、牛、人、猕猴亲缘关系较近,与小鼠和鸡亲缘关系较远。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在从江香猪不同组织中,PDK4基因在肾脏中的表达量最高,在胃和脂肪中表达量较高,FGF10基因在胃中表达量最高,在肾脏和脂肪中表达量较高,两个基因在背最长肌中的表达量均最低;在大白猪的不同组织中,PDK4、FGF10基因在脂肪中的表达量均最高,PDK4基因在背最长肌中的表达量最低,而FGF10基因在心脏中表达量最低。本试验成功克隆了从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因,并检测了其在大白猪与从江香猪不同组织中的表达,为进一步研究PDK4、FGF10基因在脂质代谢及脂肪沉积等方面的调控作用提供科学依据。     

不同品种猪PBD-124基因多态性及差异表达研究

【目的】 克隆获得猪β-防御素-124（porcine beta-defensin-124,PBD-124）基因CDS区并探究其多态性,分析PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织内的表达情况。【方法】 采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆猪PBD-124基因CDS区,利用PCR-RFLP酶切法对大白猪、民猪和野杂猪PBD-124基因的Bln Ⅰ酶切位点进行多态性检测,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在不同品种猪肝脏、脾脏和血液内的表达差异。【结果】 试验成功克隆出猪PBD-124基因CDS区,长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,测序结果发现其存在c.257 G>A和c.263 T>G 2个突变位点,因2个突变位点间隔过近,可能存在连锁,仅对第1个突变位点进行酶切,大白猪中检测到GG、GA、AA 3种基因型,而民猪和野杂猪中仅检测到GA和AA 2种基因型,3个群体中AA基因型均为优势基因型,大白猪、民猪和野杂猪的AA基因型频率分别为0.5261、0.9412和0.6452,且3个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。3个群体的多态性均不高,大白猪处于中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,民猪和野杂猪则处于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PBD-124基因在大白猪、民猪、野杂猪的脾脏、肝脏及血液中均有表达,且存在表达差异。【结论】 猪PBD-124基因CDS区长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,与参考序列比对发现2个突变位点,均未引起氨基酸突变;3个群体多态性均不高;PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织间表达均存在差异。     

猪TRIM3基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

【目的】克隆大白猪三基序结合蛋白3（tripartite motif-containing 3,TRIM3）基因,并对其进行生物信息学和组织表达分析。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增并克隆大白猪TRIM3基因CDS全长序列,连接pMD18-T载体并转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆,菌液PCR鉴定后测序,与不同物种TRIM3基因序列比对并构建系统进化树;应用多种在线软件对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测TRIM3基因在大白猪不同组织中的相对表达量。【结果】大白猪TRIM3基因CDS序列全长2 235 bp,编码744个氨基酸。相似性和遗传进化分析结果显示,大白猪与野猪的相似性最高,达99.7%,与鸭的相似性最低,为75.1%;大白猪TRIM3基因与野猪先聚为一类,与牛和山羊亲缘关系较近。生物信息学分析显示,大白猪TRIM3蛋白分子质量为80.58 ku,理论等电点（pI）为8.32,不稳定系数为40.85,为亲水性蛋白,但不是分泌蛋白,无糖基化位点,预测其有60个磷酸化位点,主要存在于细胞质内;在TRIM3蛋白二级结构中以无规则卷曲为主,占41.67%,三级结构模型预测结果与二级结构一致。组织表达分析表明,大白猪TRIM3基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌肉、气管、结肠中均有分布,肺脏中表达量最多且显著高于其他组织（P＜0.05）。【结论】本研究成功克隆大白猪TRIM3基因CDS全长序列,并进行了生物信息学和组织表达分析,为进一步研究大白猪TRIM3蛋白的免疫学功能提供理论依据,对探究大白猪TRIM3基因参与先天性免疫和抗病毒感染分子机制具有重要意义。     

猪精子发生候选基因PYGO2的分离、表达和亚细胞定位研究

旨在分离猪PYGO2编码区序列，获悉该基因mRNA组织表达模式、蛋白质结构特征、细胞中的分布和定位，并构建蛋白相互作用网络。本研究首先利用RT-PCR从成年版纳微型猪近交系（BMI）睾丸组织中克隆PYGO2编码区序列；利用生物信息学解析其基因结构并对蛋白质进行多种功能分析，比较多个哺乳动物PYGO2的氨基酸序列同源性，构建系统进化树和蛋白质相互作用网络；然后利用qPCR技术检测PYGO2在15个组织中的mRNA表达情况；最后通过构建pEGFP-C1-PYGO2融合表达载体，转染猪睾丸细胞（ST），确定PYGO2的亚细胞定位。结果表明，PYGO2基因CDS长1 221 bp，编码406个氨基酸（基因和氨基酸号分别为KY644518和AVB77243.1），定位在猪4号染色体；PYGO2蛋白二级结构以无规则卷曲为主，N端和C端均疏水；氨基酸序列同源比对分析表明，猪PYGO2与其他哺乳动物的相似度均大于97%，在进化上高度保守；蛋白互作网络分析显示，猪PYGO2与9个蛋白可能存在相互作用，其中与BCL9蛋白作用最为紧密；qPCR表达分析表明，猪PYGO2在被检的15个组织中均有不同程度表达，在生殖腺中表达相对较高；ST细胞中的亚细胞定位结果表明，PYGO2 mRNA主要分布在细胞核。本研究获得了PYGO2基因的编码序列，蛋白质结构和定位，蛋白质相互作用网络，mRNA多组织表达特征，可为进一步解析该基因在猪精子生成中的分子机制提供参考。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of M Gene of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Guangxi Strain

According to the M gene nucleotide sequence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) published in GenBank,one pair of primers were designed,the M gene fragments of IBV isolated from Guangxi province were amplified by PCR.Then the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD18-T vector and the positive recombinant plasmids were sequenced.The results showed that M gene from all of the IBV isolates consisted of 678 bp,coding for 225 amino acids.Two glycosylated sites were located nearby the N-terminal,three transmembrane domains were located in the 23 to 98 peptide region.Variations within the hydrophilicity region were easier than that in the hydrophobicity region.Compared with that of other published IBV strains,the homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the isolates were 83.6% to 92.5% and 82.7% to 95.1%,respectively.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that it was closely related to SAIB20 and LX4,and clustered into one group;But it belonged to different branches with other reference strains,and had a distant relationship.These results suggested that the isolate was a new variant of IBV.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒广西株M基因的克隆与序列分析

参照GenBank中鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的核苷酸序列设计1对引物,利用 PCR 扩增IBV广西株的M基因片段,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中.序列分析结果表明,M基因全长为678 bp,编码225个氨基酸,近N端含有2个潜在的N-糖基化位点,3个跨膜区位于23—98肽段区,亲水区较疏水区更易变异.IBV广西株与国内外IBV参考毒株相比,核苷酸序列同源性为83.6%~92.5%,氨基酸序列同源性为82.7%~95.1%.系统进化分析结果显示IBV广西株与SAIB20和LX4两参考株位于同一个分支上,它们的亲缘关系较近,而与其他参考株属于不同的分支,亲缘关系较远.结果表明IBV广西株是1株新的IBV变异株.     

白来航鸡半乳糖凝集素-1基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达特性分析

【目的】克隆白来航鸡半乳糖凝集素-1(galectin-1,Gal-1)基因,对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,并检测其在不同组织中的表达情况,为进一步阐明其抗病毒功能提供科学依据。【方法】以鸡脾脏cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增鸡Gal-1基因完整CDS区序列,并进行相似性比对及系统进化树构建;运用生物信息学软件对其编码蛋白的理化性质、亲/疏水性、跨膜区、信号肽、修饰结构、保守结构域及高级结构进行预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测Gal-1基因在白来航鸡心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、脑、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、直肠、胸肌和腿肌组织中的表达情况。【结果】白来航鸡Gal-1基因CDS区序列长度为408 bp,编码135个氨基酸。相似性比对结果表明,白来航鸡Gal-1基因核苷酸序列与火鸡、绿头鸭和珍珠鸟的相似性分别为97.1%、88.4%和82.2%;系统进化树结果表明,白来航鸡与火鸡亲缘关系最近。Gal-1蛋白分子质量为15.06 ku,理论等电点为6.57,不稳定系数为36.05,脂肪系数为74.30,平均亲水指数为-0.259。Gal-1蛋白无信号肽,不存在跨膜区;存在2个明显的亲水区,其编码蛋白较稳定,为亲水性蛋白。二级结构预测显示,Gal-1蛋白以无规则卷曲(45.93%)和延伸链(41.48%)为主,三级结构预测结果与二级结构一致。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Gal-1基因mRNA在白来航鸡组织中广泛表达,在肺脏中表达量最高,在脑中表达最低。【结论】本研究成功克隆了白来航鸡Gal-1基因CDS区序列,Gal-1基因在白来航鸡心脏、肝脏等14种组织中广泛表达,结果可为鸡Gal-1蛋白功能的深入研究提供参考。     

牦牛心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的分子克隆和进化分析

对牦牛心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）基因进行了克隆测序，并与GenBank中9个物种相应基因编码区核苷酸序列进行了比对分析，在此基础上采用邻接法、最大简约法和最小进化法构建了牦牛与其它物种间分子系统进化树。结果表明，牦牛H-FABP基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成，外显子1、外显子2、外显子3和外显子4大小分别为73、173、102和54bp，内含子1、内含子2和内含子3大小分别为3460、1892和1495bp。CDS序列全长为402bp，前体氨基酸数为133个。不同物种间在该基因核苷酸序列上有较高的保守性。牦牛与普通牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、人、大鼠、小鼠、鸡、斑马鱼各物种在H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列上同源性大小分别为99．8％、97．8％、97．0％、92．8％、88．8％、83．3％、83．1％、76．4％、68．7％。通过邻接法、最大简约法和最小进化法用H-FABP基因编码区核苷酸序列构建的物种间分子系统进化树，结果表明，3种方法构建的物种间分子系统进化树基本一致。系统树总体分为两支，斑马鱼为独立的一支，而牦牛与其它物种为另一大分支。牦牛与普通牛、绵羊与山羊先分别聚在一起，然后再聚为一类；后与猪、人依次聚为一类。小鼠和大鼠先聚为一类，再与人和其它物种聚类，然后再与鸡聚为一类。该系统聚类结果与动物学分类一致，表明H-FABP基因适合于构建不同物种间的系统进化树。     

CREB-H基因在猪不同组织中表达谱及肝脏中的表达规律

本研究旨在分析环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白H（cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like 3，CREB-H）在猪不同组织中的表达谱及其在马身猪和大白猪肝脏中的发育性表达规律。采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting技术检测1日龄猪12个组织（心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、小肠、小脑、下丘脑、背最长肌、股肌和腰肌）中CREB-H基因的表达谱，以及CREB-H在1、30、60、90、120、150和180日龄马身猪和大白猪肝脏中的表达规律。结果显示，CREB-H基因mRNA在马身猪的12个组织中广泛表达，其中在肝脏和小肠中高表达；CREB-H蛋白在肝脏组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织（P<0.05），在心脏、脾脏和小脑中不表达。猪肝脏CREB-H基因mRNA和蛋白的发育表达受日龄、品种、品种与日龄相互作用的影响（P<0.01）。马身猪和大白猪肝脏中CREB-H基因mRNA和蛋白的表达量均在1日龄时达到最大值。在各发育阶段，马身猪CREB-H蛋白的表达量均极显著高于大白猪（P<0.01），且CREB-H主要在猪肝脏中表达。CREB-H在两猪种肝脏中的表达存在时空差异，可能与猪在不同发育期的脂质代谢能力有关，本试验结果为研究猪的脂质代谢调控机制提供一定的理论依据。     

水牛黑色素皮质素1受体基因克隆、生物信息学分析及表达模式研究

本试验旨在对水牛黑色素皮质素1受体(MC1R)基因进行克隆、生物信息学分析及表达模式研究。参考牛MC1R基因(GenBank登录号:JN123363.1)序列设计引物,以本地沼泽水牛、白沼泽水牛、摩拉水牛和黄牛基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR方法扩增克隆MC1R基因片段并进行测序分析。运用QRT-PCR方法检测摩拉水牛、沼泽水牛、白沼泽水牛和黄牛皮肤组织中MC1R基因的表达模式,并通过Western blotting方法检测沼泽水牛和白沼泽水牛MC1R基因的蛋白表达差异。结果表明,应用PCR方法成功克隆了水牛MC1R基因,其编码区全长954 bp,共编码317个氨基酸。测序分析后发现沼泽水牛、白沼泽水牛、摩拉水牛和黄牛MC1R基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似性很高。沼泽水牛与白沼泽水牛在476、618、881、930和931 bp位点上分别发生T→C、G→C、G→A、G→A和A→G突变,导致了沼泽水牛和白沼泽水牛第159位氨基酸由丝氨酸变成苯丙氨酸,第310位氨基酸由谷氨酸变成丙氨酸,第294位氨基酸由天冬氨酸变成丙氨酸,发生了非同义突变。QRT-PCR结果发现,MC1R基因在摩拉水牛、沼泽水牛和黄牛皮肤组织中的相对表达量均显著高于白沼泽水牛(P<0.05);Western blotting分析结果显示,沼泽水牛皮肤组织中MC1R蛋白的表达量高于白沼泽水牛。综上所述,白沼泽水牛MC1R基因的编码区发生氨基酸位点突变,且相对表达量和蛋白表达量均低于沼泽水牛,推测此为白沼泽水牛体内合成的黑色素缺失而导致毛色白化的主因。     

Cloning,Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Buffalo MC1R Gene

The aim of this study was to clone and analyze the expression pattern of buffalo MC1R gene.A pair of specific primers was designed according bovine MC1R sequence (GenBank accession No.:JN123363.1),with genome DNA of swamp buffalo,White swamp buffalo,Murrah buffalo and Yellow cattle as template,MC1R was amplified by PCR.Then relative expression level of MC1R gene of swamp buffalo,White swamp buffalo,Murrah buffalo and Yellow cattle was analyzed using QRT-PCR,and protein expression was detected by Western blotting method.The results showed that the 954 bp coding region of buffalo MC1R gene was successfully cloned and sequenced,which code for 317 amino acids.The MC1R gene nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of swamp buffalo,White swamp buffalo,Murrah buffalo and Yellow cattle were highly conserved.Five polymorphic sites were found between White swamp buffalo and swamp buffalo of MC1R gene,including 476 T→C,618 G→C,881 G→A,930 G→A and 931 A→G,which caused three nonsynonymous mutation sites of Phe159Ser,Glu310Ala and Asp294Ala.The QRT-PCR result showed that relative expressions of MC1R gene of Murrah buffalo,swamp buffalo and Yellow cattle were significant higher than that of White swamp buffalo (P<0.05).The Western blotting results revealed that MC1R protein expression level in swamp buffalo was higher than that of White swamp buffalo.In conclusion,there were amino acids mutation in White swamp buffalo MC1R gene,and MC1R gene relative expression of White swamp buffalo was lower than that of other buffalo,which was the main reason of lacking of melanin production in White swamp buffalo.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of PID1 Gene in Baixi Pig

In order to study phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing (PID1) gene of Baixi pig, it was amplified and sequenced by Nest PCR and T clone technology.Then the functions and the genetic evolutionary relationships of the gene and its predicted protein were analyzed by bioinformatics software.The results showed that the whole CDS region of PID1 gene was 654 bp, which encoded 217 amino acids.The results of sequence alignments showed that Baixi pig shared 98.2% and 97.7% similarities of amino acid with which of Shandong Laiwu pig and Guangxi Luchuan pig.The phylogenetic tree indicated that Baixi pig kept away from these two pigs.The results of sequence alignments among species showed that Baixi pig shared 96.6%, 96.6%, 96.3%, 95.0%, 93.9%, 91.7%, 90.8%, 88.2%, 69.7% and 67.3% similarities of amino acid with which of Bos taurus, Bos grunniens, Macaca mulatta, Mus musculus, Ophiophagus hannah, Homo sapiens, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, Rattus norvegicus and Danio rerio.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PID1 gene was highly conserved in the process of evolution of different species.The protein structure analysis results showed that the mainly function region of PID1 gene was PTB structural domain, which was located in the C-terminal sequence of the PID1 protein.In this study, we successfully cloned PID1 gene of Baixi pig, which laid the foundation for further study in intramuscular fat deposition and development of resources.     

白洗猪PID1基因克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在对白洗猪磷酸酪氨酸互作结构域1 (phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1,PID1)基因进行克隆和生物信息学分析。采用Nest PCR及T克隆技术对白洗猪PID1基因进行克隆测序,运用生物学分析软件分析其结构功能及其在种内及种间的遗传进化关系。结果表明,白洗猪PID1基因CDS区全长654 bp,编码217个氨基酸,白洗猪与山东莱芜猪、广西陆川猪PID1蛋白氨基酸同源性为98.2%与97.7%;进化树分析结果表明白洗猪与两个猪种间遗传关系相对较远,种间比对黄牛、牦牛、猕猴、小鼠、眼镜王蛇、人、原鸡、非洲爪蟾、大鼠和斑马鱼PID1蛋白氨基酸同源性依次为96.6%、96.6%、96.3%、95.0%、93.9%、91.7%、90.8%、88.2%、69.7%和67.3%;系统进化树分析表明PID1基因在多物种之间的进化高度保守,结构功能分析表明白洗猪PID1基因功能区主要是编码链氨基酸C端的PTB结构域。本研究成功克隆了白洗猪PID1基因,为探究其对白洗猪肌内脂肪沉积方面的影响及为白洗猪种资源开发利用奠定理论基础。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of N and M Genes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Guangxi Strain

To investigate genetic variation of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Guangxi province,one strain of IBV was isolated from chicken.Two pairs of primers for amplifying the N and M genes of IBV were designed according to the sequences in GenBank.The N and M genes of the strain were amplified by RT-PCR,and they were proved to be the N and M genes of IBV by cloning,sequencing and compared with reference IBV strains published in GenBank.The results showed that the N gene from the IBV isolate consisted of 1 230 bp,coding 409 amino acids.The M gene from the IBV isolate consisted of 678 bp,coding 225 amino acids.The sequence analysis of N gene showed that it shared 87.2% to 93.3% nucleotide homologies and 90.0% to 94.4% deduced amino acid sequence homologies with IBV strains from GenBank.The M gene sequence analysis showed that it shared 83.6% to 91.0% nucleotide homologies and 82.7% to 92.9% deduced amino acid sequence homologies.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that it was closely related to BJ and LX4 strains,and were clustered into one group;But with the distant relatives from other strains of IBV.These results suggested that the isolate was a new variant of IBV.