救必应水提取物对产ESBLs细菌的抑菌机理研究

为了探讨救必应水提取物的抑菌作用及抑菌机理,采用2倍微量稀释法和琼脂平板稀释培养计数法,测定救必应水提取物对产ESBLs(extended spectrum β-lactamases)细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),通过对细菌生长曲线、细菌超微结构、细胞壁和细胞膜通透性变化试验、核酸合成抑制试验研究救必应水提取物的抑菌机理。结果表明,与不添加提取物的对照组相比,救必应水提取物能够影响细菌的生长规律,使细菌破损严重,细胞壁和细胞膜通透性增加,细胞质外渗,菌液中AKP含量、可溶性蛋白含量增多、大肠杆菌DNA荧光强度明显减弱。研究表明,救必应水提取物的抑菌机理是通过细菌细胞壁和细胞膜通透性的变化,抑制细菌核酸的合成实现的。     

大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的抗菌活性及作用机制

伪中间葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus pseudintermedius）是犬脓皮病主要致病菌,具有多重耐药性,严重威胁犬及人类健康。本研究从脓皮病患犬中分离20株伪中间葡萄球菌,并揭示大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的抗菌活性及抗菌机理。通过测定最小抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度、抑菌曲线和黏附抑制试验分析了大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的抑菌活性;检测大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌细胞膜完整性、通透性,细胞活性氧（ROS）水平等,结合电镜观察细菌细胞形态和超微结构,从而探究大黄酸的抑菌机理。结果表明,大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为12.5 μg·mL^-1,亚抑菌浓度能够显著抑制伪中间葡萄球菌生长和黏附;经大黄酸处理后,伪中间葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性改变,胞外β-半乳糖苷酶活性增加（P<0.05）;ROS测定结果显示,大黄酸处理后细菌细胞ROS水平增高3.9倍（1×MIC）和6.4倍（2×MIC）;大黄酸处理后,电镜观察伪中间葡萄球菌表面存在大量分泌物、皱缩,胞壁破裂、电子密度降低、内容物泄漏等。综上,大黄酸可通过改变细菌细胞膜通透性、破坏膜完整性,诱导细菌细胞产生大量ROS等作用机制达到抗菌目的。     

板蓝根微粉水提物抗大肠杆菌活性及其机制的探究

为了探究板蓝根微粉水提物的抗菌活性及其抗菌机制，试验通过扫描电镜、透射电镜检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌形态和结构影响；酶标仪测定板蓝根微粉对大肠杆菌电导率、胞内物质总漏出率影响；测定大肠杆菌培养液中碱性磷酸酶含量以及大肠杆菌菌体内、外蛋白质含量；通过DAPI染色DNA、RNA，检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌核酸的影响；检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌菌体内、外谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、丙酮酸以及三磷酸腺苷（ATP）等菌体内代谢的影响。结果显示，板蓝根微粉水提物作用大肠杆菌10 h后，扫描电镜检测可见菌体出现溢缩，菌体长度明显变短，断裂形成许多残体，有的中间凹陷，发生变形；透射电镜下可观察大肠杆菌的胞壁界限模糊不清，壁膜呈现锯齿状，弯弯曲曲，变形，有的菌体破碎。总漏出率、电导率以及碱性磷酸酶含量测定结果显示，板蓝根微粉水提物各组D_{600 nm}均高于空白对照组，且呈剂量依赖性。菌体外蛋白质含量从8 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）；菌体内蛋白质含量从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。DNA含量在12 h前与空白对照组无显著差异（P>0.05），从16 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）；RNA含量在8 h开始降低，在12 h时与空白对照组差异显著（P<0.05），从16 h开始差异极显著（P<0.01）。ALT和AST浓度测定无显著性差异（P>0.05）。培养液和菌体内的丙酮酸含量均高于空白对照组，且从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。培养液中的ATP含量与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）；菌体内ATP含量从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上，板蓝根微粉水提物可以通过破坏细胞壁、细胞膜的完整性，抑制细菌遗传物质合成和代谢，影响丙酮酸和ATP含量从而实现抗大肠杆菌作用。     

Study on the Effect of the Rosemarinic Acid Combined with Antibacterial Agents on the Bacterial with Gene fosA3

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid.     

迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合对含fosA3基因细菌抑菌效果的研究

试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。     

Effect of Baicalin on Cell Permeability of Escherichia coli

The objective of this study was to explore the antibacterial mechanism of baicalin on Escherichia coli. Based on the determination of baicalin on Escherichia coli minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve, the influence of baicalin on Escherichia coli cells permeability was researched by measuring the conductivity and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) content of bacterial solution. The experimental results showed that baicalin had significantly inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, and its MIC was 6.25 mg/mL.Baicalin could significantly increase the conductivity and AKP content of Escherichia coli bacteria solution.The results suggested that baicalin on antibacterial activity was mainly due to the changes of the cell membrane permeability and the damage of the cell wall.     

黄芩苷对大肠杆菌细胞通透性的影响

本试验旨在探索黄芩苷对大肠杆菌的抑菌机制。在测定黄芩苷对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和生长曲线的基础上,通过测定菌液电导率和碱性磷酸酶含量,研究黄芩苷对大肠杆菌细胞通透性的影响。试验结果表明,黄芩苷对大肠杆菌具有明显的抑菌效果,其最小抑菌浓度为6.25 mg/mL;黄芩苷可引起大肠杆菌菌液的电导率和碱性磷酸酶含量明显升高。证实了黄芩苷通过增加大肠杆菌细胞膜与细胞壁通透性,从而发挥抑菌作用。     

Study on the Anti-Escherichia coli Activity and Mechanism of Water Extract of Radix isatidis Powder

In order to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the Radix isatidis powder water extract,the effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were tested by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the conductivity and total leakage rate of E.coli and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium of the content of protein,DNA and RNA were stained by DAPI to detect the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the nucleic acid of E.coli,and the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the metabolism of E.coli in vivo,in vitro,ALT,AST,pyruvic acid and ATP.The results showed that after the Radix isatidis powder water extract acted on E.coli for 10 h,it was observed by SEM that the bacteria appeared to overflow and shrink,the length of the bacteria became shorter obviously,many residues were formed due to breakage,some of them were sunken in the middle and deformed.Under TEM,it was observed that the boundary of the cell wall of E.coli was unclear,the wall membrane was zigzag,deformed and some of the bacteria were broken.The protein content outside the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 8 h (P<0.01), and that in the cell from 4 h (P<0.01). DNA content had no significant difference with blank control group before 12 h (P>0.05), but had significant difference with blank control group from 16 h (P<0.01); RNA content began to decrease at 8 h, and was significantly different from blank control group at 12 h (P<0.05), and was extremely significant from 16 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ALT and AST (P>0.05). The pyruvate content in culture medium and bacteria was higher than that in blank control group, and the difference was very significant from 4 h (P<0.01). The ATP content in the culture medium was significantly different from that in the blank control group (P<0.01), and the ATP content in the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 4 h (P<0.01).In conclusion,the Radix isatidis powder water extract could inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of bacterial genetic material and the content of pyruvate and ATP by destroying the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.     

Antibacterial Effect of Novel Armyworm Antimicrobial Peptide (AAP-1) Against Escherichia coli

In order to evaluate the bactericidal activity of a novel armyworm antimicrobial peptide (AAP-1),the bactericidal effect of AAP-1 on Escherichia coli (E.coli) was investigated.Firstly,AAP-1 was synthesized by solid-phase chemically synthesis,and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and tested by mass spectrometry.Then,the bactericidal effect of AAP-1 against E.coli was determined by the bacteriostatic circle method.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected by the double dilution method.The time kill curve was measured by bacterial plate counting method.Finally,the effect of AAP-1 on the nucleic acid leakage of E.coli was evaluation by ultra-micro spectrophotometer.The effect of AAP-1 on the intracellular DNA of E.coli was tested by nucleic acid gel electrophoresis.The overall effect of AAP-1 on E.coli was observed through transmission electron microscope.The results showed that the purity of the synthesized AAP-1 was more than 98%,and its molecular weight was 4 262.17 u.AAP-1 showed good antibacterial activity against E.coli,with a MIC of 7.8 μg/mL.AAP-1 had a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect on E.coli,and within 60 min the bactericidal effect gradually increased.AAP-1 could cause the nucleic acid leakage of E.coli,and resulted in a reduction in the total amount of intracellular DNA of E.coli with concentration-dependent.AAP-1 could also cause cell membrane destruction,significantly reduce intracellular electron density,resulted in cytoplasmic dissolution of E.coli,and so on.In summary,this study suggested that a novel antimicrobial peptide AAP-1 could be chemically synthesized with a purity of up to 98% and showed its good bactericidal effect on E.coli.This study could provide preliminary data for the in-depth study of the bactericidal mechanism of AAP-1 against E.coli and laid a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of AAP-1.     

新型黏虫抗菌肽AAP-1对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用

为评价一种新型黏虫抗菌肽（armyworm antimicrobial peptide 1，AAP-1）的抗菌活性，本试验首先采用固相化学合成法合成AAP-1，并通过高效液相色谱纯化和质谱检验，用抑菌圈法测定AAP-1对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果，倍比稀释法检测最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC），细菌平板计数法测定时间抗菌曲线；最后，通过超微量分光光度计评价AAP-1对大肠杆菌核酸泄露的影响，核酸凝胶电泳评价AAP-1对大肠杆菌胞内DNA的影响，透射电子显微镜观察评价AAP-1对大肠杆菌的整体作用效果。结果表明，合成的AAP-1纯度高于98%，分子质量为4 262.17 u；AAP-1对大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌活性，MIC为7.8 μg/mL；对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用具有浓度依赖性，且在60 min内抗菌效果逐渐增强；AAP-1能够导致大肠杆菌核酸泄露，致使胞内DNA总量减少，且呈现浓度依赖性；AAP-1也会导致大肠杆菌细胞膜破坏、胞内电子密度明显降低、胞质溶解等现象。综上，本研究化学合成了一种新型抗菌肽AAP-1，且纯度高达98%，其对大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌效果。本研究可为深入研究AAP-1对大肠杆菌的抗菌机制提供前期数据，可为APP-1的临床应用奠定理论基础。     

构树叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及机理研究

为了研究构树叶提取物的抑菌作用及其机理,以金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,采用牛津杯法测定构树叶提取物的抑菌效果,通过测定供试菌生长曲线、细胞膜渗透性和蛋白质合成来研究构树叶提取物的抑菌机理。结果表明,构树叶水提取物和75%乙醇提取物抑菌圈直径分别为17.5和18.0 mm,最小抑菌浓度均为6.8 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度均为12.50 mg/mL。构树提取物能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白质合成,从而抑制其生长,但对其细胞膜的通透性影响不大。因此,构树叶提取物通过抑制金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白质合成发挥其抑菌效果。     

20种中草药对多重耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用

目的：筛选对多重耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用较强的中草药,为临床用药及开发中草药制剂提供依据。方法：采用试管．平皿倍比稀释法,测定20种中草药水提物对大肠杆菌药敏质控株ATCC25922、临床分离的猪源性大肠杆菌K884及1株多重耐药的鸡源性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌活性。结果：20种中草药水提物对三株大肠杆菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,半枝莲、女贞子、丹参、白鲜皮、赤芍水提物的抑菌作用较强,其中,半枝莲、丹参水提物对上述3株大肠杆菌的抑菌作用最强,其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为0．1mL、0．2mL、0．1g／mL。结论：半枝莲、女贞子、丹参、白鲜皮、赤芍水提物对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用。     

蛋清溶菌酶的改造及其抑菌活性

本研究旨在探讨高温酸性改造的蛋清溶菌酶对两种革兰阳性菌G⁺（金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis）和两种革兰阴性菌G^-（大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、鳗弧菌Vibrio anguillarum）的抑制作用。采用高温（57.0±0.1）℃、pH 2.0条件对蛋清溶菌酶进行改造，透射电镜观察改造蛋清溶菌酶的超微结构，8-苯胺基-1-萘磺酸（ANS）测定蛋清溶菌酶改造前后疏水性的变化，圆二色谱法与BeStSel软件分析改造后溶菌酶二级结构的改变，并采用牛津杯法测量改造后蛋清溶菌酶对供试菌的抑菌直径，生长曲线测定法测定改造后蛋清溶菌酶的最小抑菌浓度，Western blot检测4种供试菌菌液与菌体中溶菌酶含量变化。透射电镜结果显示，改造后蛋清溶菌酶为短杆状纤维结构；ANS和圆二色谱法结果显示，改造后蛋清溶菌酶疏水性增强，β折叠含量提高31.7%；牛津杯法显示，改造后蛋清溶菌酶对试验菌的抑菌强弱为鳗弧菌>枯草芽胞杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌；生长曲线测定结果发现，鳗弧菌最小抑菌浓度为8 μmol·L^-1，大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽胞杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为6 μmol·L^-1；Western blot发现菌液中改造蛋清溶菌酶分子质量未发生改变，而菌体中溶菌酶含量和分子质量发生改变，革兰阳性菌和阴性菌均在10 ku处出现条带，且革兰阳性菌在22 ku处溶菌酶含量增加，但菌液上清均仅在14.3 ku处有条带。结果提示，改造蛋清溶菌酶对革兰阳性菌和阴性菌均具有较强的抑菌效果，为改造蛋清溶菌酶在畜牧业中的应用提供了基础数据。     

酸马奶源发酵乳杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌O8的体外抑菌研究

为了探究天然发酵酸马奶中发酵乳杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌O₈（E.coli O₈）的抑菌机理,本试验从酸马奶中分离筛选出抑菌效果最佳的菌株,对其进行16S rDNA序列鉴定,经NCBI网站BLAST对比鉴定菌种;对菌株进行培养发酵,制备无细胞发酵上清液（CFS）;通过排酸、排过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、不同蛋白酶处理等方法初步确定CFS中的抑菌活性物质性质及其含量;采用牛津杯法和二倍稀释法确定CFS对致病性E.coli O₈ 24 h生长曲线的最佳抑菌浓度;试剂盒法测定CFS对致病性E.coli O₈的细胞膜和细胞壁通透性的影响。结果显示,从酸马奶中分离出22株对致病性E.coli O₈有抑制作用的菌株,对抑菌作用最好的菌株进行16S rDNA序列鉴定及系统进化树分析后确定其为发酵乳杆菌属;CFS中主要的抑菌物质为蛋白,含量为399.5 μg/mL;最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为25.0和49.9 μg/mL;CFS能使致病性E.coli O₈的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量在1 h内快速升高,之后呈缓慢增长趋势,且使致病菌培养液中的蛋白含量明显升高。综上所述,发酵乳杆菌CFS的主要抑菌物质为蛋白,蛋白浓度越高抑菌能力越强;CFS通过破坏或改变致病性E.coli O₈细胞膜和细胞壁的通透性,使其释放出AKP和胞内蛋白,从而在短时间内起到抑制致病性E.coli O₈生长的作用。     

盐酸小檗碱与左氧氟沙星联合抑制MRSA及其机制研究

养殖场抗生素滥用造成多种耐药性细菌的产生,从奶肉类制品中分离出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的案例逐年增长,对养殖业食品安全造成巨大威胁。本研究筛选出与左氧氟沙星具有联合抑制MRSA效果的天然产物盐酸小檗碱（BBR）,探究BBR与其对MRSA的协同抑菌效果和联合抑菌机制。结果表明,BBR能有效抑制MRSA生长,提高MRSA对左氧氟沙星的敏感度,两者联用后,MRSA对左氧氟沙星的MIC降为之前的1/16。协同作用机制主要为上调ribA及下调mec A和msc L表达水平,破坏细胞壁、增加细胞膜的通透性,从而达到协同抑菌的目的。本研究有助于降低畜牧养殖中抗生素的使用,为提高肉奶类食品安全奠定基础。     

二氧化氯奶牛乳头消毒剂杀菌效果评价及杀菌机理研究

试验旨在对本实验室研发的用于奶牛乳头消毒的二氧化氯消毒剂进行实验室杀菌效果评价,并对二氧化氯的杀菌机理进行初步研究。采用定量法杀菌试验对二氧化氯奶牛乳头消毒剂进行实验室杀菌效果评价;利用透射电子显微镜观察二氧化氯作用后金黄色葡萄球菌超微结构的改变;利用流式细胞仪测定二氧化氯作用后金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性的变化。定量法杀菌试验结果显示,当该消毒剂中二氧化氯的含量高于1.2 mg/L时,对无乳链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的杀灭对数值高于3.00,即杀菌率高于99.9%;二氧化氯含量高于0.6 mg/L时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌杀灭对数值高于3.00,即杀菌率高于99.9%;二氧化氯的含量为0.3 mg/L时,仍能有效杀灭表皮葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌;而二氧化氯含量高于28 mg/L,对于枯草芽孢杆菌的杀菌率才能达到100%。透射电子显微镜超微结构观察结果显示,100 mg/L二氧化氯作用于金黄色葡萄球菌5 min时,细胞膜出现了轻微的皱缩,细胞壁与胞膜之间出现了轻微的空隙,绝大多数细胞仍保持原有形态;作用15 min后,金黄色葡萄球菌形态发生了较明显的变化,细胞膜发生了明显的皱缩,细胞壁与细胞膜完全脱离,细胞质也出现了凝集。流式细胞仪检测金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性变化发现,二氧化氯处理后金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性发生了改变,其中含量为50 mg/L二氧化氯作用15 min后细胞膜通透性改变最明显。结合实验室杀菌效果评价结果发现,二氧化氯对细菌细胞膜通透性的改变仅仅是致死细菌的原因之一,二氧化氯对细菌的杀灭机理较复杂,仍需进一步的探索。     

安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌抑菌机理的研究

为探讨安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理,本试验通过测定安吉白茶提取液与细菌作用前后培养液电导率和紫外吸收物的变化,以及菌体磷代谢和可溶糖的变化,初步阐明了安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理。研究结果显示,经安吉白茶提取液处理后,细菌培养液的电导率和可溶糖浓度均增大,菌悬液中的紫外吸收物也随作用时间的延长而增加,表明安吉白茶提取液可破坏细胞膜的结构、导致细胞通透性增加,进而使细胞内容物外泄。此外,经安吉白茶处理后的柱状黄杆菌对磷的消耗量降低,以致严重影响了核酸、磷脂等细胞重要成分的合成及能量代谢,导致细菌正常生理功能的丧失。结果表明,安吉白茶可通过破坏菌体细胞膜及干扰磷代谢等途径抑制柱状黄杆菌的生长。     

一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌的益生特性及抑菌性研究

本试验旨在研究自筛解淀粉芽孢杆菌DHN04的生长曲线、人工胃肠液、pH及猪胆盐耐受性，并研究其抑菌特性及抗生素敏感性。试验采用生长速率法测定该菌生长曲线，活菌计数法测定人工胃肠液耐受性、耐酸性和耐胆盐等特性，牛津杯法测定抑菌活性，药敏试片测定抗生素敏感性。结果表明，解淀粉芽孢杆菌DHN04在经过4~6 h的缓慢生长期后，进入对数生长期，12~24 h为该菌的稳定生长期；在人工胃液和人工肠液中保持3 h后存活率分别为55.55%和53.33%；pH 2.0时该菌存活率为14.14%，随着酸性的减弱，存活率逐渐上升，在pH 7.0时存活率可以达到93.85%；随着胆盐浓度增加，解淀粉芽孢杆菌的存活率逐渐下降，相同的胆盐浓度，24 h的存活率低于3 h。解淀粉芽孢杆菌对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及四联球菌均具有一定的抑制作用；对抗生素阿莫西林耐药。综上，解淀粉芽孢杆菌能够快速活化，对人工胃肠液、胆盐及pH的耐受性良好，对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等具有一定的抑制作用，对阿莫西林耐药。因此，解淀粉芽孢杆菌DHN04可作为一种潜在的益生菌菌株应用于畜禽养殖生产。     

抗菌肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌的杀菌作用研究

为探究真菌防御素Plectasin衍生肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌的体外杀菌效果及其作用机制,本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法检测停乳链球菌CVCC 3938耐药性,通过NZ2114对停乳链球菌CVCC 3938最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）及在胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤（tryptic soy broth,TSB）培养基和全脂灭菌（ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization,UHT）牛奶中的杀菌动力学曲线的测定评价其抗菌特性;借助扫描电镜、透射电镜和流式细胞仪观察NZ2114作用下的细菌形态变化;使用凝胶阻滞、荧光光谱和圆二色谱进一步分析NZ2114对细菌基因组DNA的作用。结果显示,停乳链球菌对氧氟沙星和四环素均产生耐药性,临床分离菌株则呈现多重耐药性,NZ2114对受试停乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为0.11~0.45 μmol/L。抗菌肽在TSB培养基和全脂灭菌牛奶中均具有抑菌活性,且在短时间内（0.5~3 h）可使停乳链球菌菌落数下降3个数量级。扫描电镜、透射电镜和流式细胞仪结果表明,抗菌肽NZ2114能够破坏停乳链球菌细胞膜,导致其内容物泄漏。凝胶阻滞、荧光光谱和圆二色谱证实抗菌肽穿过细胞膜后与细菌基因组结合,破坏了DNA,以此达到杀菌目的。上述结果表明,抗菌肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源停乳链球菌杀菌活性强,其破坏菌体细胞膜后可直接作用于胞内的基因组DNA并改变其二级结构。由此可见,抗菌肽NZ2114是一种极具前景的治疗停乳链球菌引起乳腺炎的抗生素替代品。     

入侵植物节节麦种子休眠原因及解除方法研究

本研究以节节麦（Aegilops tauschii Coss.）种子为试材,结合种子透水性及萌发抑制物的测定探究其休眠原因,并通过外源赤霉素（gibberellin,GA₃）及温水浸种处理筛选其最佳破眠方法。结果表明：完整种子的吸水率明显高于去颖壳种子,且温水浸种能显著提高种子发芽率,说明颖壳引起休眠的原因为机械阻碍,与其透水性无关;颖壳、种子的水及甲醇浸提液均在浓度为0.08 mg·L^-1时,对小麦种子萌发及生长表现出显著的抑制作用,说明颖壳中存在的水溶性及种子内溶于有机溶剂的萌发抑制物共同作用是节节麦种子休眠的主要原因;以500 mg·L^-1 GA₃浸种24 h（完整种子）、300 mg·L^-1 GA₃浸种48 h（去颖壳种子）及45℃温水浸种5 min（完整种子）的破眠效果较为显著。