猪源发酵乳酸杆菌对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物数量及血清免疫指标的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加不同浓度的猪源发酵乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物数量和血清免疫指标的影响。选择160头保育猪,日龄为(30±2)d,体重为(7.85±0.68)kg,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的猪源发酵乳酸杆菌制剂,试验期35d。结果显示,添加不同浓度猪源发酵乳酸杆菌对保育猪的各项指标均有改善效果,其中,0.2%发酵乳酸杆菌组的效果最好,与对照组相比,其平均日增重提高8.70%(P<0.05),料重比降低4.62%(P<0.05),日粮中粗蛋白质、钙和总磷的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P<0.05),血清中IgG含量提高了8.39%(P<0.05)。因此,在保育猪饲料中添加猪源发酵乳酸杆菌能够提高机体免疫力和生长性能,提高日粮中粗蛋白质、钙和总磷的表观消化率,降低粪便中的大肠杆菌数量。     

发酵乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响

试验以产气荚膜梭菌感染肉仔鸡建立坏死性肠炎模型,研究发酵乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对感染肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响。将336只1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复。4个处理组分别为对照组、感染组、感染＋LF组（日粮添加1×10⁹ CFU/kg发酵乳杆菌）、感染＋BC组（日粮添加1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg凝结芽孢杆菌）。所有感染肉鸡在14~21 d经口接种A型产气荚膜梭菌。试验期为28 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,灌服产气荚膜梭菌显著降低22~28 d肉鸡的日均采食量（P<0.05）,显著增加28 d十二指肠和空肠损伤评分（P<0.05）,显著提高21 d肉鸡盲肠的产气荚膜梭菌和大肠杆菌数量,显著降低28 d回肠产气荚膜梭菌数量（P<0.05）。与感染组相比,日粮添加发酵乳杆菌显著提高21 d肉鸡回肠的乳杆菌属数量（P<0.05）,显著降低21 d盲肠大肠杆菌的数量（P<0.05）;日粮添加凝结芽孢杆菌显著降低28 d肉鸡十二指肠损伤评分（P<0.05）,显著降低21 d十二指肠隐窝深度（P<0.05）,显著提高21 d空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（P<0.05）,显著降低21 d肉鸡回肠和盲肠的大肠杆菌数量（P<0.05）,显著提高28 d肉鸡回肠乳杆菌属数量（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮中添加发酵乳杆菌或凝结芽孢杆菌均对感染肉鸡的肠道微生物具有调控作用;其中添加凝结芽孢杆菌有利于肠道绒毛发育,缓解肠道损伤,一定程度上提高了肉鸡的生长性能,而发酵乳杆菌没有缓解肠道损伤的作用。     

复方中药发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、抗氧化功能以及免疫功能的影响

【目的】 本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复方中药发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、抗氧化功能以及免疫功能的影响。【方法】 试验选取48头体重为(8.290±0.140)kg、健康状况良好的28日龄三元(杜×长×大)杂交去势断奶仔猪,按照体重随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+3%复方中药发酵粉,其中复方中药发酵粉由山楂、陈皮、鸡内金、山药、茯苓等原料发酵而成,其主要活性物质包括有机酸、黄酮类物质、多糖类及三萜类物质等。试验为期28 d,试验结束前3 d采集饲粮样和粪样,试验结束后每个重复选取1头接近平均体重的断奶仔猪进行屠宰,采集血浆和肝脏,测定生长性能、养分表观消化率、血浆和肝脏抗氧化指标、血浆免疫指标等。【结果】 与对照组相比,复方中药发酵粉组断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05),但其平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05);粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)和钙(Ca)的表观消化率均极显著或显著提高(P<0.01;P<0.05);血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05);血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量均显著提高(P<0.05),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 在饲粮中添加3%复方中药发酵粉可提高断奶仔猪对粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率,提高断奶仔猪机体的抗氧化功能和免疫功能,从而降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,提高其生长性能。     

Relationship Between Expression Levels of Porcine m6A Demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 Genes and Resistance to E.coli F18 Infection

To investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression level of m⁶A demethylase and E.coli F18 resistance in piglets,Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression differences of m⁶A demethylase FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum tissues of E.coli F18-resistant and -sensitive individuals from 35-day Sutai weaned piglets.In E.coli F18ab,F18ac bacteria-stimulated and endotoxin LPS-induced porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2),the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes were detected,respectively.The results showed that the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum of resistant individuals were extremely significantly or significantly higher than those of sensitive individuals (P<0.01,P<0.05),and the expression of FTO gene were not significantly changed in E.coli F18 bacteria-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells (P>0.05),but the expression levels of ALKBH5 gene were significantly up-regulated after F18ac stimulation (P<0.05).After LPS induction for 4 hours,the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes showed significant up-regulation in IPEC-J2 cells (P<0.05).This study preliminarily verified and indicated that the expression levels of m⁶A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 genes were closely related to E.coli resistance of piglets at the cellular and individual levels,which will provide a theoretical basis for future in-depth study of the regulation mechanism of RNA demethylation modification on bacterial diarrhea in piglets.     

猪m6A去甲基化酶FTO、ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌F18感染抗性的关系分析

为了探讨猪6-甲基腺嘌呤（m⁶A）去甲基化酶mRNA表达水平与仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性的关系,本研究运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因在35日龄苏太猪断奶仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠和空肠组织中的mRNA表达差异,同时分别利用F18ab、F18ac大肠杆菌菌体刺激和内毒素LPS诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测FTO、ALKBH5基因表达变化。结果表明,FTO、ALKBH5基因在抗性型个体十二指肠和空肠中的表达量均极显著或显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01,P<0.05）;不同F18大肠杆菌菌体刺激IPEC-J2细胞后,FTO基因表达水平均无显著变化（P>0.05）,而ALKBH5基因在F18ac刺激后表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;LPS诱导4 h时,FTO和ALKBH5基因表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上初步验证并发现了m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌感染仔猪密切相关,为今后深入研究RNA去甲基化修饰在仔猪细菌性腹泻调控中的作用机制提供了理论基础。     

红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标的影响

为研究红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选用80头平均日龄（28±1）d,平均体重（7.57±0.49）kg,生长健康的三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮+25 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素和45 mg/kg金霉素,1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%红曲合生元、0.5%红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂、0.5%酵母硒锗制剂。正式试验42 d,分3个阶段（1~14、15~28、29~42 d）。结果显示：①与对照组相比,1、2组各阶段平均日增重（ADG）均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,各试验组29~42 d的料重比（F/G）显著降低（P<0.05）。各试验组仔猪末重与对照组差异极显著或显著（P<0.01;P<0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验1~7 d,1组腹泻率（DR）和腹泻指数（DI）显著降低（P<0.05）;综合试验全期,1组DR、DI及2组DR均显著降低（P<0.05）。与3组相比,1、2组DI指标极显著或显著降低（P<0.01;P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,试验1~28 d,1、2组粗蛋白质（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）表观消化率显著或极显著提高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;试验29~42 d,各试验组干物质（DM）、CP和EE表观消化率显著或极显著提高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,1、2组总磷（TP）消化率均呈显著提高（P<0.05）。④与对照组相比,试验组血清生长激素（GH）、胰岛素生长因子-1（IGF-1）含量均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清生长抑素（GHRIH）含量显著或极显著下降（P<0.05;P<0.01）;其中,2组血清IGF-1含量较1、3组相比显著升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,1、2组血清皮质醇（COR）含量均呈显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,与抗生素相比,0.5%红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂可预防断奶仔猪腹泻,同时有效地促进断奶仔猪生长发育;该复合制剂可替代日粮中25 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素和45 mg/kg金霉素。     

中药复方发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响。选择32头体重为（14.96±0.96）kg的健康42日龄"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加金霉素75 mg/kg、中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg及金霉素75 mg/kg+中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg。试验期为42 d。结果表明,日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉显著提高了仔猪的干物质、有机物和碳水化合物的表观消化率及表观消化能（P<0.05）,提高了必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸（甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸）的表观消化率及脂肪酶活性（十二指肠、空肠、回肠）和淀粉酶活性（回肠）（P<0.05）。金霉素和中药复方发酵粉对仔猪日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及表观消化能和亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸的表观消化率有显著的交互效应（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,金霉素组和中药复方发酵粉组显著提高了日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸的表观消化率（P<0.05）,但两组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,日粮中添加600 mg/kg中药复方发酵粉能提高断奶仔猪养分表观消化率、氨基酸表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性。     

Effects of feeding linseed and linseed expeller meal to newly weaned piglets on growth performance and gut health and function

The effects were evaluated of the inclusion of full fat linseed (125 g/kg) (LS) or linseed expeller meal (85 g/kg) (LSM) in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance and parameters of gut health and function. The diets were fed to groups of 12 post weaning single housed piglets. Three of the five treatments (Control (C)+, LS+, LSM+) were challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli on day 6. Two treatments were not challenged (C− and LS−). The main response criteria were daily feed intake, body weight gain, faecal shedding of the E. coli, faecal consistency score, faecal nutrient digestibility and gut wall morphology and histology of the jejunal mucosa on day 18/19 of the study. Over the total experimental period (day 0–18) feed intake and body weight gain were highest in treatment C− and lowest in treatment LSM+ (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio did not differ between treatments over the total experimental period. Over day 10–12 of the study, the faecal digestibility of dry matter, ash and energy was higher for treatments C− and C+ compared to treatments LS−, LS+ and LSM+ (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the faecal shedding of E. coli between treatments C+, LS+ and LSM+. Intestinal mucosal histology and morphology were only slightly affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that the use of full fat linseed or linseed expeller meal did not show to be functional ingredients in diets for post-weaning piglet in terms of supporting gut health.     

抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌体外筛选

本研究以从断奶仔猪肠道分离的益生菌为试验菌株,将大肠杆菌K88和益生菌接种到体外培养的猪小肠上皮细胞(intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1,IPEC-1)中,测定培养2.5h上清液中的乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性,同时将益生菌和大肠杆菌K88体外混合培养2.5h,进行平板计数,统计大肠杆菌K88菌数的变化,筛选出可以抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌。试验结果显示,干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌能显著降低IPEC-1培养上清液中的LDH活性(P<0.05),降低大肠杆菌K88对细胞的损伤;凝结芽孢杆菌能降低DMEM培养基中大肠杆菌K88的生长速度,结合模拟制粒过程及胃肠道环境的耐高温、耐酸及耐胆盐研究进行综合分析,该凝结芽胞杆菌对大肠杆菌K88有较好的抑制作用且具有良好的耐高温、耐酸及耐胆盐性能,具有作为微生态制剂菌株的应用潜力。本试验建立了能够抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌体外筛选技术模型。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

Research Lactobacillus rhamnosusFermented Herbal and Bacillus subtilis Complex on Immune Performance,E.coli Infection of Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented herbal and Bacillus subtilis on White Feather broiler immunity performance and impact of Escherichia coli infection.360 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 chickens per replicate.The pretrial period lasted for 7 d,and the experiment lasted for 35 d.The chickens in the group Ⅰ(positive control group) and group Ⅱ(negative control group)were all only fed a basal diet,group Ⅲ was test group,by additive 1% fermented herbal preparations,groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL E.coli at 35 d,broiler mortality,immune organ index,cecalmicroflora content,immunoglobulin levels,IL-2 and IL-6 content were tested.The results showed that injection of E.coli caused massive death of chickens,group Ⅱtook up to 75.00%,it was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05),the mortality in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05),was only 23.33%.Injection of E.coli maked spleen index and thymus index of group Ⅱincreased significantly (P < 0.05),the spleen index and thymus index of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).E.coli counts was significantly decreased after injectionin group Ⅲ (P < 0.05),but the number of intestinal Lactobacilli of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P < 0.05),and inhibited the propagation of E.coli,the counts of E.coli in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).At 42 d,the sIgA of the intestinal fluid in group Ⅲ were higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ with 11.99% and 36.56%,respectively(P < 0.05).The serum IgG concentrations of group Ⅲ was higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱwith 14.68% and 28.15%,respectively(P < 0.05).At 42 d,the IL-2 content of group Ⅱ was the lowest,it was significantly lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),the IL-6 of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05).     

Comparison of Drug Resistance of E.coli from Pigs in Different Regions under the Same Breeding Mode

In order to compare the resistance of E.coli from pigs of different regions under same breeding mode in Xinjiang, we collected fecal samples from pig farms of Hutubi (207), Manasi (210) and Changji (210) in a certain scale, respectively, a total of 627 samples, and isolation rate of E.coli from fecal samples were all 100.0%.The broth dilution method was used to detect resistance of E.coli to antimicrobials, and we compared the differences of resistance rate of E.coli from pig farms in three regions by chi square test. E.coli from pig farms of Hutubi region to apramycin, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftiofur existed extremely significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Manasi region to ciprofloxacin existed significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.05), and existed extremely significant differences to norfloxacin (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Changji region to norfloxacin had extremely significant differences comparing with Hutubi region (P< 0.01), and existed significant differences to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin comparing with Manasi region (P< 0.05).3 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 94.7% in Hutubi region, 3 to 7 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 89.5% in Manasi region and 4 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 82.4% in Changji region, respectively.There was no significant difference among different regions on multi-drug resistance (P> 0.05).The results indicated that E.coli from pigs of different regions under the same breeding mode had different characteristics of resistance.In addition, the resistance of E.coli from pigs were very serious and mainly multi-drug resistant, drug resistance patterns were diversified.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的研究

试验旨在研究鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的影响。选取体重相似、健康状况基本相同的360只1日龄肉鸡随机分成3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只。试验预试期7 d,正试期35 d。试验Ⅰ组为阳性对照组,试验Ⅱ组为阴性对照组,均饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅲ组在基础饲料中添加1%发酵中草药制剂,且试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在肉鸡35日龄时腹腔注射大肠杆菌菌悬液1 mL,连续攻毒2 d,测定肉鸡死亡率、免疫器官指数、盲肠菌群含量、免疫球蛋白水平和白介素含量。结果表明,腹腔注射大肠杆菌造成鸡大量死亡,试验Ⅱ组高达75.00%,显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后鸡死亡率显著下降(P < 0.05),仅有23.33%;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组脾脏指数和法氏囊指数显著升高(P < 0.05),但使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后脾脏指数接近于试验Ⅰ组,而法氏囊指数稍高于试验Ⅰ组,说明发酵中草药微生态制剂可以抵抗大肠杆菌感染,脾脏和法氏囊发育不受影响;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P < 0.05),但试验Ⅲ组由于饲喂发酵中草药复合芽孢杆菌制剂,肠道乳杆菌数量显著增加,抑制大肠杆菌的繁殖,从而大肠杆菌数量与正常饲喂状态下的试验Ⅰ组趋于一致;42日龄时,盲肠内容物sIgA含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组11.99%和36.56%(P < 0.05),血清IgG含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组14.68%和28.15%(P < 0.05);42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组IL-2含量最低,显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅲ组IL-6含量显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05)。     

同一养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性比较

本试验旨在比较新疆相同养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况。分别在某规模化养猪场呼图壁(207份)、玛纳斯(210份)和昌吉(210份)地区采集粪样,共计627份样品,各地区猪源大肠杆菌的分离率均为100.0%。采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离出的大肠杆菌进行临床常用抗菌药物的药敏试验,并通过卡方检验比较3个地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药率的差异。结果显示,呼图壁地区猪源大肠杆菌对安普霉素、阿米卡星、阿莫西林—克拉维酸和头孢噻呋的耐药率均极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);玛纳斯地区猪源大肠杆菌对环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.05),对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);昌吉地区猪源大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于呼图壁地区(P< 0.01),而对阿莫西林—克拉维酸和氨苄西林的耐药率均显著高于玛纳斯地区(P< 0.05)。呼图壁地区3~8耐菌株占94.7%,玛纳斯地区3~7耐菌株占89.5%,昌吉地区4~8耐菌株占82.4%。不同地区之间3~7耐菌株数差异不显著(P> 0.05)。结果表明,在相同的养殖模式下,不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况不同。此外,养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药问题严重,以多药耐药为主,耐药谱型呈多样化。     

猪m6A甲基化酶WTAP基因与F18大肠杆菌感染的关系

本研究旨在探讨猪m⁶A甲基化酶WTAP表达水平与大肠杆菌（E. coli）感染抗性的关系。选取35日龄苏太断奶仔猪（Sus scrofa）大肠杆菌抗性型和敏感型个体各4头,采集十二指肠和空肠组织,利用RT-qPCR检测WTAP在E. coli抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠、空肠的表达差异,并分别利用产肠毒素大肠杆菌（F18ab、F18ac）刺激和内毒素（LPS）诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测WTAP基因的表达变化。同时构建WTAP基因干扰载体并转染IPEC-J2细胞,通过菌毛定量、菌落计数以及间接免疫荧光试验检测该基因沉默对大肠杆菌黏附能力的影响。结果显示：在十二指肠和空肠组织中,WTAP基因在E. coli抗性型个体中的表达量显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01）;并且在F18ab和F18ac刺激后表达量显著下降,与LPS诱导6 h后结果相一致（P<0.01）。沉默WTAP基因后,大肠杆菌黏附能力极显著上升（P<0.01）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上验证发现,m⁶A甲基转移酶WTAP的高表达可能有助于仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染,为进一步揭示仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染的RNA甲基化调控机制奠定基础。     

Tissue Expression Profile and Differential Expression of LTβR Gene in Sutai Piglets of Different Ages

Dynamic changes of LTβR expression levels in 11 tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle, thymus, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum) of Sutai piglets ranging from newborn to post-weaning days 8, 18, 30, and 35 were compared and analyzed by the Real-time PCR method, which aimed to provide theoretical basis for further investigate the relationship between LTβR gene and pathogenicity of E.coli F18.The results revealed that the LTβR expression levels were higher in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum, and showed obvious age-dependent expression differentiation.The LTβR expression levels in the lymph node, duodenum, and jejunum were extremely significant higher in 8 days old piglets than in the other age stages (P<0.01), and the expression levels were extremely significantly higher in the lungs of 8 days old piglets than in 35 days old piglets (P<0.01) and significantly higher than 30 days old piglets (P<0.05).In the liver tissue, the expression level was extremely significant higher in 35 days old piglets than in other age stages (P<0.01).In the stomach tissue, the expression level was significantly higher in 35 days old piglets than in 18 days old piglets (P<0.05).The results speculated that intestinal immune barrier of piglets formed rapidly around 8 days old and the higher LTβR expression could contribute to the resistance to E.coli F18.     

不同日龄苏太仔猪LTβR基因组织表达谱及发育性表达规律分析

试验旨在探讨LTβR基因在仔猪出生至断奶期间的mRNA表达变化,为进一步研究该基因与F18大肠杆菌致病的相关性提供理论依据。本试验选取从初生到断奶的4个日龄(8、18、30和35日龄)苏太仔猪各4头,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分别比较分析了LTβR基因在各个体11个组织(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、肌肉、胸腺、淋巴结、十二指肠及空肠)间的表达规律。结果表明,LTβR基因在肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、淋巴结、十二指肠及空肠组织中呈现较高水平的表达,并且表现出明显的发育性表达差异。LTβR基因在8日龄仔猪淋巴、十二指肠和空肠组织中的表达极显著高于其他日龄(P<0.01);在8日龄仔猪肺脏组织中的表达极显著高于35日龄(P<0.01),且显著高于30日龄(P<0.05);在35日龄仔猪肝脏组织中的表达极显著高于其他日龄(P<0.01);在35日龄仔猪胃组织中的表达显著高于18日龄(P<0.05)。由此推测,8日龄左右为仔猪肠道免疫屏障快速形成期,LTβR基因的较高表达可能有利于仔猪对F18大肠杆菌抗性。     

低蛋白日粮补充天冬氨酸对断奶至育肥阶段猪生长性能及肉品质性状的影响

旨在研究低蛋白日粮补充天冬氨酸对断奶至育肥阶段猪生长性能、血液生化指标和游离氨基酸、养分表观消化率以及肉品质性状的影响。选取20头45日龄,体重相近（（10.93±0.79） kg）的健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶仔猪,随机分成两组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪,仔猪单栏饲养,试验期84 d。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型低蛋白基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.5%天冬氨酸的试验饲粮。结果表明：1）添加天冬氨酸可显著提高猪断奶阶段平均日增重（P<0.05）并极显著降低料重比（P<0.01）,但在育肥和生长阶段对生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）;2）添加天冬氨酸可显著提高断奶阶段血清白蛋白水平和碱性磷酸酶活性（P<0.05）,但对生长和育肥阶段血液生化指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）;3）添加天冬氨酸可显著降低断奶阶段血清中Pro、Met、Thr、Asp、His、Tyr含量（P<0.05）和提高Lys水平（P<0.01）,生长阶段血清中Asp、Lys含量和育肥阶段Asp、Thr含量显著降低（P<0.05）,对其他氨基酸含量无显著影响（P>0.05）;4）天冬氨酸处理可使育肥猪总能、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维表观消化率极显著升高（P<0.01）;5）天冬氨酸处理可有效提高熟肉率（P<0.01）和背最长肌中MyHC1的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。综上可知,低蛋白日粮全程添加0.5%天冬氨酸可有效提高猪断奶阶段的生长性能,有利于促进其后期肌纤维的发育和改善其肉品质性状。     

Effects of Dietary Supplemental Different Levels of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Digestion and Metabolism of Nutrients of Yanqi Horse

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental different levels of sugar beet pulp on the nutrients of digestion and metabolism in Yanqi horse.12 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance,body weight,body measurement and age.The groups were referred to as the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,each group with 4 Yanqi horses.Yanqi horses in the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were supplied with 0,0.6,1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp on the condition of feeding the same basal diet and roughage (oat straw).The total duration of the experiment was 20 days,the first 15 days of the experiment was the preliminary period,and the formal experiment lasted for 5 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of OM,NDF,ADF and digestibility amount of NDF,ADF in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly improved (P<0.01),the digestibility amount of crude protein,calcium and the apparent digestibility of OM in group Ⅱ was significant difference (P<0.05);The digestibility amount of NDF,ADF of group Ⅰ was increased by 8.19% (P<0.05) and 9.43% (P<0.05),respectively,and the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,NDF,ADF of group Ⅱ were significantly or extremely significant difference (P<0.05;P<0.01),but the apparent digestibility (amount) of crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the control group and group Ⅰ,the digestible engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 14.92% (P<0.01) and 11.23% (P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed between group Ⅰ and control group (P>0.05);The metabolic engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 11.73% (P<0.05) and 14.83% (P<0.05),respectively.Therefore,the digestion amount of OM,CP of Yanqi horse and the digestion amount and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF could be significantly or extremely significantly improved by the supplementation of 1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp,and the ability to use the nutrients were obviously improved for Yanqi horse.     

日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。