鲤鱼诱导型一氧化氮合成酶全长cDNA克隆及其在外周血白细胞中的差异表达分析

试验旨在获得鲤鱼诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)cDNA全长序列,并以此为基础探讨在丝裂原刺激下外周血白细胞中iNOS的表达变化。以从鲤鱼正常外周血白细胞cDNA文库中获得的iNOS的EST序列为基础,采用基因文库筛选和cDNA5'末端快速扩增技术(5'-RACE)相结合的方法,成功扩增出鲤鱼iNOScDNA全长序列,然后进行鲤鱼外周血白细胞原代培养,分成对照组和试验组,其中试验组分别为脂多糖(LPS,1.0μg/mL)刺激4、12h,刀豆蛋白A(ConA,1.0μg/mL)刺激4、24h,对照组为相同培养时间无丝裂原刺激的外周血白细胞,根据得到的iNOScDNA全长序列和鲤鱼β-actin序列分别设计特异性引物,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组外周血白细胞中iNOS在mRNA水平上的表达情况并进行分析。序列分析结果显示,最后获得的cDNA片段共3704bp,包含74bp的5'端非编码区,246bp的3'端非编码区,一个3384bp的完整的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码1127个氨基酸。序列同源性分析结果显示,该序列与鲫鱼iNOS基因同源性高达100%;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,经LPS、ConA刺激的试验组外周血白细胞中iNOS表达量均升高,且短时间(4h)刺激的表达量高于长时间(LPS12h;ConA24h)刺激的表达量。综上所述,在LPS、ConA刺激过程中,iNOS在外周血白细胞中表达量均有上调,结果提示存在炎症反应的动态变化。     

鲤鱼肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

本试验以鲤鱼外周血白细胞肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6,TRAF6)EST序列为基础,经地高辛标记后作为探针,对有丝分裂原刺激的鲤鱼外周血白细胞cDNA文库进行核酸杂交筛选,从重组噬菌体中经过两轮筛选获得阳性克隆。序列分析结果显示,该序列包含有5'-非编码区(5'-UTR) 25 bp;3'-非编码区(3'-UTR) 535 bp,存在2个mRNA不稳定基序ATTTA;开放阅读框ORF长1632 bp,编码543个氨基酸。预测蛋白质等电点为5.88,分子质量大小为61.773 ku。序列同源性比对结果表明,所获得的序列与GenBank上登录的鲤鱼TRAF6a基因同源性达99%。蛋白质序列分析结果发现,其具有TRAF家族的典型序列特征。     

cDNA cloning, sequencing and characterization of bovine pim-1

The cDNA clone of bovine pim-1 has been isolated from phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and concanavalin A (ConA)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The full-length cDNA contains a 411bp 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR), followed by a 939bp coding region and a 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) that contains 1403bp. Comparison of the bovine pim-1 coding sequence with the human, rat, mouse, frog and zebrafish counterparts reveals 94, 90, 89, 67 and 40% homology at the nucleotide level, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine Pim-1 shares 98.7, 97.1, 93.3, 68.8, and 52.4% similarity with the sequences of human, rat, mouse, frog, and zebrafish, respectively. The 5'-UTR of bovine pim-1 shares high sequence similarity to the human and mouse counterparts and is G/C-rich (75%) which may promote a high degree of secondary structure. The 3'-UTR of bovine pim-1 contains two potential polyadenylation sites and an A/T-rich motif which has been shown to decrease the stability of polyA mRNA molecules. Southern blot results indicate that a single copy of the gene exists in the bovine genome. Northern blot results show that PMA stimulation of PBLs increases the expression of the pim-1 mRNA. In addition, examination of Pim-1 protein expression in PBLs stimulated with a variety of mitogens including ConA, PMA, anti-CD3 and purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, reveals two different types of expression patterns during the course of a 24h period of stimulation. ConA and PPD gave a biphasic pattern of expression while PMA and anti-CD3 gave single transient pattern of expression suggesting that expression is controlled by more than one signaling pathway.     

Construction and application of a bovine immune-endocrine cDNA microarray

A variety of commercial DNA arrays specific for humans and rodents are widely available; however, microarrays containing well-characterized genes to study pathway-specific gene expression are not as accessible for domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep and pigs. Therefore, a small-scale application-targeted bovine immune-endocrine cDNA array was developed to evaluate genetic pathways involved in the immune-endocrine axis of cattle during periods of altered homeostasis provoked by physiological or environmental stressors, such as infection, vaccination or disease. For this purpose, 167 cDNA sequences corresponding to immune, endocrine and inflammatory response genes were collected and categorized. Positive controls included 5 housekeeping genes (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, ribosomal protein L19, beta-actin, beta2-microglobulin) and bovine genomic DNA. Negative controls were a bacterial gene (Rhodococcus equi 17-kDa virulence-associated protein) and a partial sequence of the plasmid pACYC177. In addition, RNA extracted from un-stimulated, as well as superantigen (Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-A, S. aureus Cowan Pansorbin Cells) and mitogen-stimulated (LPS, ConA) bovine blood leukocytes was mixed, reverse transcribed and PCR amplified using gene-specific primers. The endocrine-associated genes were amplified from cDNA derived from un-stimulated bovine hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid gland tissues. The array was constructed in 4 repeating grids of 180 duplicated spots by coupling the PCR amplified 213-630 bp gene fragments onto poly-l-lysine coated glass slides. The bovine immune-endocrine arrays were standardized and preliminary gene expression profiles generated using Cy3 and Cy5 labelled cDNA from un-stimulated and ConA (5 microg/ml) stimulated PBMC of 4 healthy Holstein cows (2-4 replicate arrays/cow) in a time course study. Mononuclear cell-derived cytokine and chemokine (IL-2, IL-1alpha, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma, TGFbeta-1, MCP-1, MCP-2 and MIP-3alpha) mRNA exhibited a repeatable and consistently low expression in un-stimulated cells and at least a two-fold increased expression following 6 and 24 h ConA stimulation as compared to 0 h un-stimulated controls. In contrast, expression of antigen presenting molecules, MHC-DR, MHC-DQ and MHC-DY, were consistently at least two-fold lower following 6 and 24 h ConA stimulation. The only endocrine gene with differential expression following ConA stimulation was prolactin. Additionally, due to the high level of genetic homology between ovine, swine and bovine genes, RNA similarly acquired from sheep and pigs was evaluated and similar gene expression patterns were noted. These data demonstrate that this application-targeted array containing a set of well characterized genes can be used to determine the relative gene expression corresponding to immune-endocrine responses of cattle and related species, sheep and pigs.     

Optimization and kinetics of in vitro stimulation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leukocytes

The optimization of a leukocyte stimulation microassay with carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leukocytes is described. Leukocytes were isolated from the thymus, anterior kidney, spleen, mid-kidney and peripheral blood.Leukocyte cultures were stimulated with PHA-P, LPS (Escherichia coli 055: B5) PWM, ConA and PPD from Mycobacterium fortuitum. The optimum incubation temperature for leukocyte cultures differed depending on the mitogen used. The optimum incubation period was 3.5 days for leukocyte cultures derived from lymphoid organs and 4.5 days for peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Leukocytes from various organ sources showed similar reactivity patterns to stimulation in vitro by different mitogens. The results of these mitogen stimulations did not present sufficient arguments in favour of compartmentation.     

鲤鱼肿瘤坏死因子α1基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

试验以鲤鱼外周血白细胞肿瘤坏死因子α1(tumor necrosis factor alpha 1,TNFα1) EST序列为基础,经地高辛标记作为探针对有丝分裂原刺激的鲤鱼外周血白细胞cDNA文库进行核酸杂交筛选,从0.9×10⁴个重组噬菌体中,经过2轮筛选获得3个阳性克隆。序列分析结果显示,该序列包含128 bp的5''非编码区(5''-UTR),423 bp的3''非编码区(3''-UTR),开放阅读框ORF长768 bp,共编码255个氨基酸,在其3''非编码区存在几个ATTTA不稳定基序。预测蛋白等电点为8.20,分子质量大小为28.1 ku。序列同源性比较结果表明,所获序列与GenBank上登录的鲤鱼TNFα基因的同源性达94%。蛋白质的序列和结构分析结果发现,其具有TNF家族的典型序列特征、1个跨膜区结构和1个假定的产生成熟肽的裂解位点。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of LPS-binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) from olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) homolog was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes cDNA library of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The isolated LBP/BPI cDNA is 2806 bp in length with a 1419 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein of 472 amino acid residues. The LPS-binding domain is well conserved in the N-terminal barrel, showing high sequence identities with other teleost LBP/BPI as well as those of mammals. RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression of LBP/BPI was significantly elevated in all tested tissues (liver, gill, intestine, head kidney, and spleen) after intraperitoneal injection of the gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella tarda or the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus iniae. This expression pattern profile corresponded to that of acute inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that it plays a role in the innate immune response, in particular, the acute phase response.     

Cloning of bovine CD69

CD69 is rapidly inducible on various hematopoietic cells upon stimulation and is detectable as an early activation antigen. Although CD69 is well characterized in human and mouse, no information is available on bovine CD69. We report here that, bovine CD69 was cloned from a cDNA expression library prepared from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The full-length cDNA contained an 80bp 5' untranslated region, followed by a 600bp coding region and AU-rich motifs in a 3' untranslated region (GenBank accession number AF272828). Comparison of the bovine CD69 coding sequence reveals 69.4 and 78.2% nucleotide sequence identities with mouse and human CD69, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine CD69 shares 56.3 and 62.3% sequence identity when compared with mouse and human CD69, respectively. Bovine CD69 has the highly conserved amino acid sequences found in the C-type lectin family, suggesting that the conserved residues may be important for conformation and binding to the, as yet unidentified ligand. In addition, the cytoplasmic tail of bovine CD69 has two casein kinase-2 (CK-2) phosphorylation sites. These data suggest that bovine CD69 plays an important role in the activation of lymphocytes.     

鹿茸尖端组织核心蛋白多糖基因全长cDNA的克隆及其表达分析

为了进一步了解鹿源DCN基因的结构与功能,揭示该基因在鹿茸尖端不同组织层的表达规律,本研究从梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织cDNA文库中首次克隆具有完整编码区的DCN基因全长cDNA序列,并结合生物信息学方法和实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术对该基因的氨基酸序列结构和表达特征进行分析.结果表明,梅花鹿DCN基因cDNA全长为1 831 bp,编码360个氨基酸;其编码蛋白具有N端信号肽,相对分子质量为39.9 ku,理论等电点为8.8,其一级结构中亮氨酸所占比例最高(12.5%);梅花鹿与绵羊DCN氨基酸序列的相似性最高(98%).实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明,DCN在间充质层的表达显著高于其他3层组织,提示DCN的抗纤维化活性可能是维持鹿茸间充质层快速生长的重要调节因素.     

牦牛IL-4基因的克隆及其遗传演化关系分析

克隆牦牛白细胞介素-4（IL～4）基因,并对其进行遗传演化分析。从刀豆素（ConA）和脂多糖（LPS）联合刺激培养的牦牛外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA．利用RT—PCR方法扩增牦牛IL-4全长cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18～T载体上,测序后进行序列分析。成功克隆到牦牛IL-4基因全序列,序列分析表明,克隆的牦牛IL-4基因序列与GenBank所登录的牛IL-4核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别这99．8％和100％,与人、猕猴、猪、山羊、马等物种的核苷酸及其推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别在44．4％～96．3％和27．4％～91．1％之间。在国内首次成功地从牦牛外周血淋巴细胞中克隆到IL-4的基因,其ORF为408bp,推导编码135个氨基酸。     

Cloning and characterization of a homologue of the alpha inhibitor of NF-kappaB in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

A homologue of IkappaBalpha, the alpha member of the IkappaB family of NF-kappaB inhibitors, was identified in a Rainbow trout suppression subtractive hybridization library enriched in sequences up-regulated in cultured leukocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) stimulation. The full-length cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence is 61.5% similar and 54% identical to human IkappaBalpha, while only 42% similar and 35% identical to IkappaBbeta, and 38% similar and 32% identical to IkappaBvarepsilon. Rainbow trout IkappaBalpha contains a central ankyrin repeat domain required for its interaction with NF-kappaB and a putative PEST-like sequence in the C-terminus. Expression of IkappaBalpha is up-regulated by LPS and TNFalpha treatment, two known activators of NF-kappaB, suggesting the existence of an autoregulatory loop in fish, as is the case for mammals. These results confirm the existence of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway in fish and suggest a similar functional interaction between IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB.     

鲤鱼外周血白细胞TLR5M全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

本试验以鲤鱼TLR5M的EST序列为基础进行5'-RACE试验,获得了其cDNA的全长序列。结果表明,该序列共3182 bp,包含38 bp的5'端非编码区,486 bp的3'端非编码区,1个2658 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码885个氨基酸。序列同源性比对结果表明,该序列与麦瑞加拉鲮鱼TLR5基因同源性高达84.46%。     

鲤鱼白细胞介素10基因组DNA克隆及序列分析

为获得鲤鱼白细胞介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)全长基因组序列,本研究利用鲤鱼IL-10全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:JX524550),通过在两端非编码区设计引物,以提取的鲤鱼脾脏基因组为模板,使用PCR方法成功获得鲤鱼IL-10全长基因组序列。鲤鱼IL-10基因组全长2176 bp,GenBank登录号为JX524551。将所获得的序列与其他物种IL-10基因组序列相比,结果发现都含有5个外显子,4个内含子,外显子在进化上相对保守,剪切位点都符合"gt......ag"规则;序列包含540 bp的开放阅读框,编码179个氨基酸,有2段典型的IL-10氨基酸信号基序。     

鲤鱼γ-2β干扰素基因组DNA克隆及序列分析

试验参考鲤鱼γ-2β干扰素(interferon γ-2β,IFNγ-2β)全长cDNA序列,在其两侧非翻译区和外显子设计2对引物,以提取的鲤鱼脾脏基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,获得了IFNγ-2β的全长基因DNA序列。结果表明,获得的基因组DNA全长2084 bp,GenBank登录号为JX181981,序列分析结果显示该基因进化较保守,和其他物种一样都含有4个外显子和3个内含子,各外显子碱基数与哺乳动物中相对应的外显子碱基数基本相同,且外显子、内含子剪接位点均遵守GT-AG规则。     

Cloning of bovine MAIL and its mRNA expression in white blood cells of Holstein cows

Molecule possessing ankyrin-repeats induced by lipopolysaccharide (MAIL) is known as an IkappaB protein induced after administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice. In the present study, we cloned bovine MAIL cDNA and examined its mRNA expression in white blood cells isolated from Holstein cows. Bovine MAIL had more than 80% amino acid identities with murine and human MAILs, highly conserved ankyrin-repeat motifs and PEST-like sequences. Bovine MAIL mRNA was undetectable in isolated peripheral white blood cells, but rapidly induced (<1h) after stimulation by LPS and lipid A in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The lipid A-induced MAIL mRNA expression was found in polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes/macrophages and total lymphocytes, but not in T-lymphocytes. MAIL mRNA was also induced in vivo in peripheral blood leukocytes of cows after intramammary injection of Escherichia coli derived from coliform mastitis. Thus, bovine MAIL, as rodent MAILs, is induced by inflammatory stimuli in specific immune cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a role in inflammatory responses to bacterial infection in cattle.     

cDNA of Canine Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70)

Full-length canine HSP70 cDNA was sequenced and the expression of HSP70 mRNA was investigated. The full-length cDNA sequence of the HSP70 gene (2322 bp) contained a single long open reading frame (1920 bp) coding a protein of 640 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of the canine HSP70 gene shared about 90-95% sequence similarity with bovine, human and mouse HSP70 proteins. Southern blot analysis with HSP70 probe gave three distinct bands of 9.4 kb, 5 kb and 4.4 kb in BamHI digests and two distinct bands of 19 kb and 4 kb in EcoRI digests. Canine HSP70 mRNA was detectable in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stomach but not in liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine, large intestine and skin of dogs.     

柞蚕蛹全长cDNA文库的构建和随机EST测序

采用RNA转录5′末端转换(SMART)技术构建了柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi)蛹的全长cDNA文库。所构建cDNA文库的容量为5×105个独立克隆,插入片段长800~2500 bp,且90%的插入片段大于1 kb。随机挑取288个克隆进行表达序列标签(EST)测序,有效序列为250条,根据EST测序结果计算文库重组率达95%。经序列拼接得到175个unigenes,通过序列比对发现其中97个unigenes与GenBank中的已知基因高度同源,且有88条全长序列,基因的完整性比率达90%。在随机EST测序中获得了具有5′端和3′端非编码区的延伸因子-1α基因(Gen-Bank登录号:FJ788508),该基因cDNA全长1743 bp,有一个1392 bp的开放阅读框,编码含463个氨基酸残基的蛋白,蛋白的理论分子质量为50.4 kD,等电点8.96。EST测序分析表明,柞蚕蛹cDNA文库符合构建基因文库的质量要求,该文库的构建将有助于柞蚕功能基因的克隆和研究。     

Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA expressing a ribosomal P0 peptide from Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera)

Insect bite dermal hypersensitivity (IBH) is an allergic dermatitis of horses caused by bites of Culicoides spp. and sometimes Simulium spp. The aim of the investigation presented here was to identify allergens causing IBH. A cDNA library expressing recombinant Culicoides nubeculosus proteins was screened using affinity-purified serum from an IBH-affected horse. Screening of the library resulted in identification of one immunoreactive clone. The sequence of the cDNA insert was determined and revealed a 600 bp insert with an open reading frame coding for a 78 amino acid long protein, called rCul n 1. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed an identity of 67-78% to the C-terminal part of the 318 amino acid long ribosomal P0 protein from other Diptera. Furthermore, the 38 C-terminal amino acids displayed an identity of 57% with the C-terminal part of the acidic ribosomal protein P2 from Aspergillus fumigatus. The cDNA insert was subcloned and expressed as a [His]6-tagged protein in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni2(+)-chelate affinity chromatography. The 10kDa recombinant Cul n 1 protein bound the affinity-purified antibody fraction used for screening the expression library. Determination of IgE and IgG levels against rCul n 1 by ELISA in sera from 19 IBH-affected and 18 Swiss control horses and in sera from eight control horses living in Iceland showed no significant differences between the three groups of horses (median IgE levels = 60, 49 and 44 relative ELISA units, respectively). rCul n 1 did not induce sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release from peripheral blood leukocytes of IBH-affected horses (N = 5), although sLT release was induced with the Culicoides whole body extract.     

重组红火蚁毒素蛋白SoliⅣ致病机理的初步研究

作者通过研究重组红火蚁毒素蛋白Solenopsis invictaⅣ (SoliⅣ)对兔及外周血淋巴细胞的影响,探讨红火蚁毒素蛋白致病机制。通过分离兔外周血淋巴细胞进行培养,经不同浓度的重组红火蚁毒素蛋白SoliⅣ分别和细菌脂多糖(LPS)、刀豆蛋白(ConA)共同刺激后,MTT法测定淋巴细胞的增殖情况;体内试验：用重组蛋白SoliⅣ从兔背部皮下注入,观察兔的临床反应,定期采血,用ELISA方法测定兔血清中白介素 4（IL-4）和总IgE的变化。重组红火蚁毒素蛋白SoliⅣ浓度为25、50、75 μg/ml和LPS共刺激时,与单独LPS刺激对照组相比,淋巴细胞增殖活性显著增高（P<0.05）;浓度为15、25、50、75 μg/ml和ConA共刺激时,与单独ConA刺激对照组比较,淋巴细胞增殖活性显著增高（P<0.05）;重组SoliⅣ过敏兔的血清中IL-4和总IgE的水平升高,在20 h左右达到最高值。试验结果表明,一定浓度的重组红火蚁毒素蛋白SoliⅣ能引起体外培养的T、B淋巴细胞增殖,过敏体质兔在重组红火蚁毒素蛋白SoliⅣ刺激后能引起Ⅰ型变态反应。