莱菔硫烷对镉中毒雄性小鼠生殖机能保护作用的研究

本试验旨在研究莱菔硫烷(SFN)对染镉雄性小鼠生殖机能的保护作用.选择健康的清洁级雄性昆明系小鼠40只,随机分成4组,分别为对照组(H₂O)、镉组(2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂)、莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN)、镉+莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),连续给药10 d,于最后一次给药2 d后脱颈处死,检测小鼠睾丸组织病理学变化、小鼠睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度.同时检测睾丸组织内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,镉组小鼠的睾丸组织发生病理学损伤,睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度均极显著降低(P<0.01),睾丸组织T-SOD活性、GSH含量也极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著提高(P<0.01);莱菔硫烷组T-SOD活性和GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).与镉组相比,镉+莱菔硫烷组小鼠的精子活率、精子总数极显著增加(P<0.01),睾丸与附睾的脏器系数显著增加(P<0.05),小鼠睾丸组织GSH含量、T-SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01).以上结果指出莱菔硫烷对镉中毒雄性小鼠的生殖机能具有保护作用.     

Research on the Antioxident Function of Sulforaphane on the Leydig Cells of Cadmium Exposured Mice

The study was aimed to explore the antioxident function of sulforaphane (SFN) on the leydig cells of cadmium (Cd) exposured mice.Cd and SFN were added to the cell culture medium of TM3 cell, half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of Cd and SFN safe dose range were determined.The tested model was set up,and the relative survival rate of TM3 cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cell antioxidant levels were determined to study the antioxident function of SFN to cadmium exposured mice.The results showed that:①With the increase of Cd concentration,the relative survival rate of TM3 cells was decreased,and the IC₅₀ of Cd was 51.4 μmol/L;Within a certain concentration range,SFN could increased the cells survive rate,but there was toxicity when the SFN concentration was more than the scope,and the greater the concentration,the greater the toxicity. At experimental condition,SFN safety concentration were 2.5,5 and 10 μmol/L.②Compared with the control group,the GSH content,the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in Cd group were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),and the LDH activity,the MDA content were increased.Additionally,the LDH activity and MDA content of SFN groups were decreased,while others three indexes were increased. Compared with Cd group,the GSH content,the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities of Cd+SFN groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),however,the LDH activity,MDA content were decreased. The result indicated that SFN had the antagonism effect on toxicity of Cd in TM3 cell.     

莱菔硫烷对染镉小鼠睾丸间质细胞抗氧化功能影响的研究

试验旨在研究莱菔硫烷（SFN）对染镉（Cd）小鼠睾丸间质细胞（TM3细胞）抗氧化应激能力的影响。向TM3细胞培养液中添加Cd和SFN,分别测定Cd的半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）和SFN的安全剂量范围,建立试验模型,通过检测TM3细胞的相对存活率、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及细胞抗氧化水平,判定SFN对Cd诱导TM3细胞毒性的影响。结果显示：①随着Cd浓度的增加,TM3细胞的相对存活率降低,Cd对体外培养TM3细胞的IC₅₀为51.4 μmol/L;SFN在一定范围内对细胞存活有促进作用,但超过范围后具有毒性,且浓度越大毒性越大,本试验条件下选择SFN浓度为2.5、5和10 μmol/L。②与对照组相比,Cd组TM3细胞的T-SOD、GSH-Px活性及GSH含量显著或极显著降低（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,LDH活性、MDA含量升高;SFN组LDH活性、MDA含量降低,GSH含量、T-SOD活性及GSH-Px活力升高;与Cd组相比,Cd＋SFN组GSH含量、T-SOD活性及GSH-Px活力显著或极显著升高（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）;LDH活性、MDA含量则降低,表明SFN具有缓解染Cd诱导TM3细胞毒性的作用。     

H2S暴露对保育猪氧化还原状态及硫化氢代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究硫化氢（H₂S）暴露对保育猪氧化还原状态及内源性H₂S代谢的影响。试验选取12头体况健康、体重相近（（11.61±1.51） kg）的35日龄大白猪,随机分为2组并分配到2个环控舱内,公母各半,每组6头猪。试验组环控舱内H₂S浓度控制为30 mg·m^-3,对照组环控舱内H₂S浓度控制为0 mg·m^-3,试验期28 d。试验结束后采集血清和肝组织样品,检测氧化还原和H₂S代谢相关指标。结果显示,与对照组相比：1）血清中ROS含量极显著增加（P<0.01）,MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）;抗氧化酶T-SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05）,CAT和GPX活性极显著降低（P<0.01）;非酶抗氧化物GSH和GSSG含量无显著变化（P>0.05）。2）肝中T-SOD和GPX活性极显著升高（P<0.01）,·OH清除能力显著提高（P<0.05）;ROS、H₂O₂、PC、MDA、GSH、GSSG含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）肝中Keap1的mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,Nrf2的mRNA表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;抗氧化相关基因（SOD2、GPX1、GPX2、GPX4和GSR）的mRNA表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。4）血清和肝中H₂S含量显著降低（P<0.05）;肝内源H₂S合成酶CSE和CBS的mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,3-MST的mRNA表达量无显著变化（P>0.05）;肝H₂S分解代谢酶SQR和SUOX的mRNA表达量下调,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明,30 mg·m^-3 H₂S暴露导致保育猪血清抗氧化系统受损,而肝中Nrf2/Keap1信号通路的激活使肝免受氧化损伤;此外,H₂S暴露抑制了保育猪内源性H₂S的合成代谢。     

影响意大利水牛精液品质的相关因素分析

本研究旨在通过对意大利水牛精液品质分析、睾丸周径测量、精浆中的氧化应激水平检测和精子活力相关基因表达情况来探究影响精液质量的相关因素。试验检测了6头意大利水牛精液的活力、畸形率、采精量,并在测量其阴囊周径后进行相关性分析;检测了意大利水牛精浆中氧化应激水平指标（丙二醛（MDA）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px））并进行了相关性分析;分析了意大利水牛精子β-微管蛋白-2c（TUBB2C）、外周致密纤维2（ODF2）、筑丝蛋白2（TEKT2）、筑丝蛋白4（TEKT4）基因的表达定量及相关性。结果显示,意大利水牛阴囊周径与精液产量、活力、畸形率之间相关系数分别为0.423（P>0.05）、0.750（P<0.01）、-0.827（P<0.01）,即阴囊周径与精子活力呈显著正相关关系、与畸形率呈显著负相关关系;意大利水牛精子活力与MDA、T-SOD、GSH-Px指标之间相关系数分别为-0.522（P<0.05）、0.333（P>0.05）、0.474（P<0.05）,即精子活力与MDA含量之间存在显著负相关关系,与GSH-Px活性之间存在显著正相关关系,与T-SOD活性相关性不显著;意大利水牛精子活力与TUBB2C、ODF2、TEKT2、TEKT4基因指标之间相关系数分别为0.930（P<0.01）、0.726（P<0.01）、0.924（P<0.01）、0.839（P<0.01）,即精子活力与以上基因表达量存在显著正相关关系。本研究结果为了解影响意大利水牛精液质量的因素提供参考,也为意大利种公水牛的筛选提供理论依据。     

Analysis of Related Factors in Semen Quality of Italian Buffaloes

This study was aimed to investigate the factors affecting semen quality by analyzing the semen quality of Italian buffaloes,measuring the circumference of the testis,the level of oxidative stress in seminal plasma and the expression of genes related to sperm motility.In this study,the sperm vitality,deformity rate and semen collection of 6 Italian buffaloes were tested,and the correlation analysis was carried out after measuring scrotal circumference.The oxidative stress level of seminal plasma in Italian buffaloes was tested,including malondialdehyde (MDA),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px).The expression of β-tublin-2c (TUBB2C),outer dense fibres 2 (ODF2),tektin-2 (TEKT2),tektin-4 (TEKT4) genes and their correlation with sperm in Italian buffaloes were analyzed.The results showed that the correlation between scrotal circumference and semen yield,vigor and deformity rate was found,the coefficients were 0.423 (P>0.05),0.750 (P<0.01) and -0.827 (P<0.01),which showed a significant positive correlation between scrotal circumference and sperm motility,and a significant negative correlation with the deformity rate.The oxidative stress level in seminal plasma of Italian buffaloes was tested,the correlation coefficients of MDA,T-SOD and GSH-Px with sperm motility were -0.522 (P<0.05),0.333 (P>0.05) and 0.474 (P<0.05),respectively.There was a significant negative correlation between sperm motility and MDA content,a significant positive correlation between GSH-Px activity and sperm motility,no significant correlation with T-SOD activity.The correlation coefficients between sperm motility and TUBB2C,ODF2,TEKT2 and TEKT4 genes were 0.930 (P<0.01),0.726 (P<0.01),0.924(P<0.01) and 0.839 (P<0.01),respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between sperm motility and the expression of four genes.The results provided a reference for understanding the factors affecting the semen quality of Italian buffaloes,and also provided a theoretical basis for the selection of Italian bull.     

褪黑素对镉致鸭大脑皮质毒性损伤的保护作用

为探究褪黑素对镉致鸭大脑皮质毒性损伤的保护作用,本试验将16只20日龄高邮鸭随机分为4组,分别为对照组、褪黑素组、镉组、镉与褪黑素共处理组。对照组鸭自由采食饮水;褪黑素组鸭自由饮用含有0.2 mg·L^-1褪黑素的水;镉组鸭自由采食拌有2 mg·kg^-1氯化镉的饲料;镉与褪黑素共处理组鸭自由饮用含有0.2 mg·L^-1褪黑素水的同时自由采食拌有2 mg·kg^-1氯化镉的饲料。60 d后,剖检并采集鸭大脑皮质。比色法检测大脑皮质中丙二醛（MDA）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）的水平,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）的含量,免疫组化染色观察Nrf2核转位,免疫印迹法检测Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达。结果显示,与对照组相比,镉组鸭大脑皮质发生明显Nrf2核转位,T-AOC水平极显著降低（P<0.01）,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量和Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;与镉组相比,镉与褪黑素共处理组鸭大脑皮质Nrf2核转位减少,T-AOC水平显著升高（P<0.05）,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量和Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。综上,褪黑素对镉所致的鸭大脑皮质毒性损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

白藜芦醇对玉米赤霉烯酮致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤及炎症的保护作用

为探究白藜芦醇（RSV）对玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）中毒小鼠肝脏损伤是否具有保护作用,试验将40只清洁级雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组：对照组（生理盐水）、ZEA组（40 mg/kg）、不同浓度的RSV （50、100或200 mg/kg）与ZEA （40 mg/kg）共处理组,每组8只,各组均灌胃给药,试验期12 d。试验结束后采集小鼠肝脏样品,计算肝脏系数,采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色和免疫组织化学染色法观察各组肝脏病理变化;检测肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达;比色法检测肝脏组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-1β含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组小鼠肝组织发生明显病理学变化;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组小鼠肝脏组织病理学变化都有所减轻。免疫组织化学结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达增多;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度的RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达均有下降。与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肝脏组织SOD和CAT活性显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性,IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β含量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织CAT活性显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性及IL-6和IL-1β含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;50 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织SOD活性和血清中TNF-α含量分别显著升高（P<0.05）和极显著降低（P<0.01）;100和200 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。结果表明,ZEA对小鼠肝脏有严重的氧化及炎症损伤作用,RSV对ZEA中毒的肝损伤具有一定保护作用,尤其以100 mg/kg RSV保护效果最佳。     

Effect of Se and VE Supplement on Semen Quality,Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Heat Shock Protein Expression of Goat in High Temperature Season

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of selenium and vitamin E supplement on semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression of goat in Hainan high temperature season.16 adult Hainan Black goat with good health and approximate weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, fed with basal diet(control group), basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se(Se group), basal diet+100 mg/kg VE(VE group), and basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se+100 mg/kg VE(Se+VE group), respectively.The experimental period was 93 d.Semen samples were collected in the last week of the experiment on two consecutive days.The semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression were analyzed.The results showed that compared with control group, the ejaculate volume was not significantly affected by Se or VE supplement(P>0.05).Sperm density and sperm motility were increased significantly by Se and VE supplement(P<0.05), and the abnormal rate was decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).The goats fed with Se and VE also had higher activities of GSH-Px(P<0.01), SOD(P<0.05), CAT(P<0.05) and T-AOC(P<0.01), and lower MDA concentration in seminal plasma(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA in supplement groups were decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).However, there were some certain differences between the Se and VE supplement groups on semen quality and heat shock protein expression.In conclusion, the supplementation of Se and VE could help to improve goat semen quality by increasing the sperm density, sperm motility, the antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing the abnormal rate in hot season of Hainan.Finally, Se and VE supplement had good effects on relieving the environment heat stress.     

补饲硒和维生素E对高温季节山羊精液品质、抗氧化酶活性及热休克蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究在海南夏季高温饲养条件下,山羊补饲硒和维生素E对其精液品质、抗氧化酶活性及热休克蛋白表达的影响。选用16只健康状况良好、体重相近的海南黑山羊成年公羊,随机分成4组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5mg/kg Se(Se组)、基础日粮+100mg/kg VE(VE组)和基础日粮+0.5mg/kg Se+100mg/kg VE(Se+VE组),试验期93 d。试验期结束前1周采集精液,评价精液品质、测定精浆抗氧化酶活性和精液热休克蛋白表达。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲Se和VE对海南黑山羊射精量影响差异不显著(P>0.05);补饲Se和VE能显著提高海南黑山羊的精子密度和精子活力(P<0.05),极显著降低精子畸形率(P<0.01);极显著增加精浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P<0.01),显著增加超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛浓度(P<0.05);补饲Se和VE还极显著降低了精液HSP70和HSP90mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01),但各补饲组之间对精液品质改善效果和热休克蛋白表达丰度的影响存在一定差异。综上所述,补饲Se和VE有助于提高热带地区夏季高温季节山羊精子密度、精子活力,降低畸形率,同时还能增强精浆中抗氧化酶的活性,改善精液品质,进而起到缓解环境热应激的效果。     

原花青素对玉米赤霉烯酮致小鼠肝脏、肾脏氧化损伤的保护作用

试验旨在研究原花青素(PC)是否对玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)中毒的小鼠肝脏及肾脏具有保护作用.选取40只日龄为8~9周、体重约为45 g的健康清洁级雄性昆明系小鼠,随机分为4组,对照组灌喂生理盐水,PC组灌喂100 mg/kg PC,ZEA组灌喂40 mg/kg ZEA,PC＋ZEA组灌喂100 mg/kg PC+40 mg/kg ZEA,眼球采血,颈椎处死后采取肝脏样本.测定肝脏组织中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及血清中尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)含量.结果显示,与对照组相比,PC组各项指标差异均不显著(P>0.05),提示肝脏及肾脏没有明显的氧化损伤;与对照组相比,ZEA组的小鼠组织中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶及丙二醛含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),超氧化物歧化酶含量极显著降低(P<0.01),血清中尿酸、尿素氮含量极显著升高(P<0.01),提示肝脏及肾脏有严重的氧化损伤;PC+ZEA组的小鼠各项指标(除超氧化物歧化酶外)均显著或极显著低于ZEA组(P<0.05;P<0.01),提示其肝脏及肾脏氧化损伤程度低于ZEA组,PC对ZEA中毒小鼠的肝脏及肾脏氧化损伤有一定的保护作用.     

慢性镉暴露对小鼠大脑皮质的毒性损伤作用

为探究慢性镉暴露对小鼠大脑皮质的毒性损伤作用,选取雌性BALB/c小鼠用0(对照组)、5和25 mg/L不同浓度氯化镉自由饮水染毒16个月建立慢性镉中毒模型,试验结束后剖检采集小鼠完整脑组织,测定脑系数;光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察大脑皮质病理组织学和超微结构变化;比色法检测大脑皮质中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-P_X)的活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示:与对照组相比,镉处理组脑系数均显著降低(P<0.05);镉处理组大脑皮质细胞核深染、固缩,呈三角形或不规则形,线粒体嵴断裂、溶解,部分呈空泡变性;镉处理组大脑皮质中T-SOD活力极显著下降(P<0.01),CAT活力显著下降(P<0.05),MDA、GSH含量极显著升高(P<0.01),5 mg/L氯化镉组GSH-PX活力显著升高(P<0.05),25 mg/L氯化镉组GSH-PX活力极显著升高(P<0.01)。提示:慢性镉暴露可影响小鼠脑发育,引起小鼠大脑皮质病理损伤、超微结构损伤和氧化损伤。     

薯蓣皂苷元对顺铂诱导大鼠肾损伤的缓解作用

【目的】 探究薯蓣皂苷元（diosgenin,Dio）对顺铂（cisplatin,CP）诱导大鼠肾损伤的缓解作用。【方法】 选取24只健康的雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组（C）、Dio组（Dio）、模型组（CP）和Dio干预组（Dio+CP）。C和CP组每天灌胃6 mL 0.5% CMC-Na,Dio和Dio+CP组每天灌胃Dio （60 mg/kg）,连续灌胃10 d。在试验第7天,CP和Dio+CP组大鼠经尾静脉注射CP （6 mg/kg）,然后每天继续灌胃Dio,CP给药72 h后处死各组大鼠,无菌分离肾脏组织,用HE染色观察肾脏病理变化;用试剂盒检测总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量;用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting分别检测肾脏肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、核因子κB p65（NFκB p65）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达;用免疫化学法检测肾脏受体相互作用蛋白激酶-1（RIPK1）和RIPK3蛋白的表达。【结果】 HE染色结果显示,对照组和Dio组肾脏结构正常;CP组大鼠肾小管上皮细胞发生脱落以及空泡变性,肾脏结构被破坏,Dio+CP组肾小管的损伤明显减轻。与对照组相比,CP和Dio+CP组肾脏中MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,T-AOC和CAT活性均极显著降低（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组肾脏中MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,T-AOC和CAT活性均极显著增加（P<0.01）。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting结果表明,与对照组相比,CP组大鼠肾脏中TNF-α、COX-2、NFκB p65和IL-1β mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）,IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著降低（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组TNF-α、COX-2、NFκB p65和IL-1β mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。免疫组化结果表明,与对照组相比,CP组大鼠肾脏中RIPK1和RIPK3蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组大鼠肾脏中RIPK1和RIPK3蛋白的表达量分别极显著（P<0.01）和显著（P<0.05）降低。【结论】 Dio通过抑制肾脏氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞程序性坏死缓解CP诱导的大鼠肾损伤。     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液生化指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响

试验旨在研究小鼠急性汞中毒后血液、肝脏及肾脏的中毒表现及木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响。将28只小鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组(腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水)、木犀草素组(灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)、氯化汞组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞)和氯化汞+木犀草素组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞,灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,血液白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平及肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并观察肝脏、肾脏组织形态学改变。结果显示,与对照组相比,氯化汞组的血清ALT、AST活性极显著升高(P < 0.01),血清CREA、BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著增加(P < 0.05),血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH水平均显著降低(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化明显。与氯化汞组相比,氯化汞+木犀草素组的血清ALT、AST活性,CREA和BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著降低(P < 0.05);血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH含量均显著升高(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化减轻。小鼠急性汞中毒后,其中毒表现为炎症和贫血的发生及肝脏、肾脏不同程度的损伤,木犀草素可减弱急性汞中毒小鼠血液、肝脏和肾脏的毒性作用。     

土曲霉对小鼠肝氧化损伤及铁死亡相关指标的影响

旨在探究土曲霉引起小鼠肝损伤的机制。将20只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组腹腔注射0.3 mL （5×10⁷ CFU·mL^-1）土曲霉MSF2菌株孢子悬液,试验周期为7 d。采集小鼠肝用丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-PX）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）试剂盒检测肝氧化损伤相关指标;铁检测试剂盒检测肝铁离子含量;制备肝石蜡切片,进行HE染色和普鲁士蓝染色,观察其病理变化及铁沉积;透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构;qPCR检测肝铁死亡相关基因mRNA相对转录水平。结果表明：土曲霉可引起试验组小鼠肝MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,GSH含量、GSH-PX活力和T-SOD活力极显著降低（P<0.01）,铁离子含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肝细胞肿胀、坏死,炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞中可见蓝染的铁离子沉积,肝细胞线粒体萎缩、嵴减少和膜密度增加,转铁蛋白1（TFR1）、二价金属离子转运体1（DMT1）、铁蛋白重链1（FTH1）和电压依赖性阴离子通道3（VDAC3）基因mRNA相对转录水平显著升高（P<0.05）,过氧化物酶4（GPX4）和胱氨酸/谷氨酸转运受体11（SLC7A11）基因mRNA相对转录水平显著降低（P<0.05）。综上表明,土曲霉MSF2菌株致小鼠肝损伤的机制是铁死亡,为深入研究土曲霉的致病机制提供参考资料。     

Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidins on the Liver and Kidney Oxidative Damage Induced by Zearalenone in Mice

The experiment was conducted to study whether the proanthocyanidin (PC) had the protective effects on the liver and kidney oxidative damage induced by zearalenone in mice.40 8 to 9 week-old healthy clean grade Kunming mice with the 45 g body weight were chosen and randomly divided into four groups: control group was given normal saline,PC group was given 100 mg/kg PC,ZEA group was given 40 mg/kg ZEA and PC＋ZEA group was fed 100 mg/kg PC＋40 mg/kg ZEA.Liver and blood sampls were taken after cervical vertebra to death.AST、ALT、MDA、SOD were measured to determine the degree of liver damage and antioxidant capacity,and UA and BUN were used to determine the kidney damage.The results showed that: Compared with the control group,the indexes of PC group were not significant changed (P>0.05),indicating that there was no obvious oxidative damage in the liver and kidney.Compared with control group,ALT,MDA and AST content were significantly or extremely significant increased in ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),SOD content was extremely significant decreased (P<0.01),UA and BUN were extremely significant increased in serum (P<0.01),indicating that the liver and kidney of ZEA group had a serious oxidative damage.The indexes of the PC＋ZEA group (except SOD)were significantly or extremely significant lower than ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),indicating that the oxidative damage of the liver and kidney in PC＋ZEA group was lower than that in the ZEA group.In conclusion,the liver and kidney oxidative damage of mice induced by ZEA was eased to some extent by PC.     

不同抗生素替代品组合对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究不同替代品组合替代饲用抗生素的可行性,选取240头、（28±3）日龄的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为5组：对照组（基础日粮）、抗生素组（基础日粮＋75 mg/kg金霉素＋40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌＋100 mg/kg喹乙醇）、处理1组（基础日粮＋2 000 mg/kg发酵中草药）、处理2组（基础日粮＋500 mg/kg丁酸梭菌＋1 000 mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯）及处理3组（基础日粮＋450 mg/kg博落回散＋800 mg/kg无水甜菜碱）。每组设5个重复,每重复12头。试验期32 d。在试验第14、32天时,每重复随机选取1头仔猪,前腔静脉采血,分离血浆,测定其生长性能、腹泻指数及血液抗氧化指标。试验结果表明：①1~14 d时,相比对照组,处理3组可显著提高平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）（P < 0.05）,显著降低料重比（F/G）（P < 0.05）。15~32 d时,处理3组的料重比比对照组和抗生素组极显著降低（P < 0.01）。1~32 d时,与抗生素组相比,处理3组料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）。②1~14 d时,与对照组相比,处理3组腹泻指数极显著降低（P < 0.01）。在15~32和1~32 d时,处理2组、3组的腹泻指数均极显著低于对照组（P < 0.01）;处理3组与抗生素组腹泻指数差异不显著（P > 0.05）,但均比对照组有一定程度降低（P > 0.05）。③与对照组和抗生素组相比,处理3组14 d时的血浆总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著或极显著增加（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量极显著或显著降低（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;32 d时GSH含量极显著增加（P < 0.01）,MDA含量极显著或显著降低（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）。比较各试验处理,日粮中添加博落回散（450 mg/kg）＋无水甜菜碱（800 mg/kg）能降低断奶仔猪的料重比,提高抗氧化性能,减少腹泻,效果优于其他组合,可作为抗生素替代品在仔猪饲料中使用。     

Establishment and Evaluation of Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis

The experiment was aimed to establish mouse model of ulcerative colitis(uc) by screening the optimum concentration of dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS).Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control group, 3.5% DSS group and 5% DSS group, ten mice each group.Mice drank water freely for 5 days, the body weights of everyday were recorded, stool was observed and stool occult blood was tested.After the experiment, the changes of TNF-α, MPO, MDA and GSH were tested, and the colon weight/length ratio was calculated.Compared with control group, the activity of MPO and content of MDA in the experiment groups were significantly increased(P<0.05), and content of GSH was significantly decreased(P<0.05).3.5% and 5% DSS both could successfully establish mouse model of ulcerative colitis.Mice in 5% DSS group had poor mental state, such as lethargy, malaise;Mice in 3.5% DSS group were appropriate, the mice mental was good, MPO, MDA and GSH were significantly different compared with control group(P<0.05), but there were no difference compared with 5% DSS group(P>0.05).So 3.5% DSS was more appropriate than 5% DSS to establish mouse model of ulcerative colitis.     

小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型的建立与评价

本试验旨在通过筛选葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(DSS)最佳浓度建立小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型。将30只BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、3.5% DSS组、5% DSS组,每组10只。小鼠自由饮水5 d,每天记录小鼠体重,观察粪便性状,测便潜血。试验结束后测血清TNF-α、结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性变化等指标,计算结肠重量/长度比值。与对照组相比,两试验组结肠组织中MPO活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),GSH含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,两种浓度葡聚糖硫酸钠盐均可造模成功,5% DSS组小鼠精神状态很差,表现嗜睡、萎靡状态,而3.5% DSS组小鼠精神状态良好,且组织中MPO、MDA、GSH与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05),与5% DSS组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),因此,选用浓度为3.5% DSS造模更合适。