Nsp9基因在Marc-145细胞上对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒复制的影响

试验旨在验证Nsp9基因是否影响猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的复制。构建含有Nsp9全长基因的质粒pIRES2-EGFP-Nsp9,并转染到Marc-145细胞中,接毒之后分别通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting方法测定PRRSV N蛋白在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果显示,转染Nsp9基因的Marc-145细胞上PRRSV的N蛋白在mRNA水平上显著高于未转染Nsp9基因的对照组（P<0.05）,是对照组的1.5倍,同时转染Nsp9基因后的Marc-145上PRRSV N蛋白水平也明显高于对照组。随着剂量的增加,N蛋白的表达量在mRNA和蛋白水平都有所增加。由以上结果初步可知,Nsp9基因可以在Marc-145细胞上促进PRRSV的复制,Nsp9基因与其复制密切相关。     

稳定高效表达猪CD163的Marc-145细胞系的构建与鉴定

试验旨在构建一株高效表达猪CD163(pCD163)的Marc-145细胞系,为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的临床分离和疫苗生产奠定基础。根据GenBank中序列设计引物从猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)中扩增pCD163基因,将其插入真核表达载体pCI-neo构建真核表达质粒pCI-pCD163,将该重组质粒转染Marc-145细胞,通过G418筛选、单克隆化并扩大培养筛选获得表达pCD163的Marc-145细胞系,IFA、Western blotting鉴定其表达情况。IFA结果显示,构建的pCD163-Marc细胞系中荧光明显亮于普通Marc-145细胞;Western blotting结果显示,pCD163-Marc细胞系中CD163蛋白表达量约为对照Marc-145细胞中CD163蛋白表达量的8.7倍。且该细胞系可稳定传至20代,各代次之间表达量无差异。证明高效表达猪CD163的Marc-145细胞系构建成功。     

RNAi靶向N基因抑制猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的复制

根据编码猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)核衣壳蛋白(N)基因的序列,设计3个干扰靶位(N12、N23、N26),构建siRNA表达载体,转染Marc-145细胞后接毒,测定病毒TCID50、CPE,并利用实时荧光定量PCR及间接免疫荧光检测病毒在Marc-145细胞上的复制情况。结果表明,利用RNAi技术靶向N基因,其中N12干扰靶位可以高效抑制PRRSV的增殖,证实N基因可能是病毒复制所必需的结构基因,所选的干扰靶位是病毒复制的关键性位点。     

Establishment and Identification of One Marc-145 Cell Line Stably and Highly Expressing Porcine CD163

This study was attempted to generate one Marc-145 cell line stably and highly expressing porcine CD163 (pCD163) and set the foundation for PRRSV isolation and vaccine production.CD163 was shown to be a cellular receptor capable of mediating infection of PRRSV non-permissive cell lines.The pCD163 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from porcine alveolar macrophages and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo, then the positive plasmid pCI-pCD163 was transfected into Marc-145 cells.After selecting with G418 and subcloning for 3 times, Marc-145 cell line expressing pCD163 was established.IFA results indicated that the fluorescence of pCD163-Marc cells was significantly brighter than Marc-145 cells;Western blotting results indicated that the pCD163-Marc cells could express higher levels of CD163 and the expression level was 8.7 times higher than Marc-145 cells.The pCD163-Marc cell line could be stably passaged for 20 passages and the expression level of CD163 was similar with different passages, which would be a valuable tool for facilitating virus propagation and vaccine production.     

稳定表达PRRSV N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系的构建

为了构建稳定表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)N蛋白的Marc-145细胞系,以PRRSV全长感染性克隆为模板,通过PCR方法扩增PRRSV N基因,将N基因克隆到慢病毒载体中,获得重组质粒pLenti-CMV-N,利用三质粒慢病毒包装系统转染293T细胞,包装成表达N蛋白的慢病毒颗粒,将慢病毒颗粒转导至Marc...     

茶皂素对PRRSV感染Marc-145细胞受体表达及Caspase-9活化的影响

以茶皂素(Teasaponin,TS)作为候选药物,研究茶皂素对Marc-145细胞受体CD163和波形蛋白(Vimentin)基因合成和蛋白表达的影响,以及茶皂素是否能通过细胞凋亡内源性通路影响PRRSV感染细胞,探究茶皂素抗PRRSV的作用机制。通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测TS对细胞受体CD163和Vimentin的基因合成和蛋白表达的影响。运用Western blot技术检测TS对细胞内源性凋亡通路启动子caspase-9活化的影响,初探TS的抗PRRSV机制。qRT-PCR结果表明TS能显著抑制感染PRRSV的Marc-145细胞受体CD163和Vimentin基因的合成。Western blot结果表明TS能显著抑制细胞受体CD163和Vimentin的蛋白表达。TS能够引起细胞内源性凋亡通路启动子caspase-9的活化。研究表明,TS能抑制PRRSV在Marc-145细胞上的穿入过程,从而达到抗PRRSV的作用;亦可通过激活细胞凋亡内源性通路以早期促进细胞凋亡的方式产生抗PRRSV的作用。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HB-3株GP5-M-N蛋白核酸疫苗的构建及免疫原性

为探索猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）核酸疫苗用于免疫预防的可行性,试验用PCR方法扩增出PRRSVHB-3株GP5、M和N基因,通过I,inker序列将GP5和M串联为GP5-M,双酶切后和N基因-起插入真核表达载体构建重组质粒pcDNA-GP5-M-N,经酶切鉴定表明GP5、M和N基因和载体连接正确。然后将重组质粒转染至Marc-145细胞,经间接免疫荧光及Western blot分析证实重组蛋白能在Marc-145细胞中表达。然后用重组质粒pcDNA-GP5-MN免疫Balb／c小鼠,中和抗体检测结果表明,首免后2周即有小鼠产生可检测到的病毒中和抗体（1：4）,随后抗体水平快速升高,第8周抗体效价达到最高（1：32）。说明本试验构建的重组质粒pcDNA-GP5-M-N能诱发免疫小鼠产生较高水平的中和抗体,为PRRSV核酸疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒E蛋白在Marc-145细胞中的表达

针对PRRSV E基因设计1对带有EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ酶切位点的引物,以PRRSV CC-1株为模版进行RT-PCR扩增,获得带有酶切位点的目的片段插入pMD18-T载体,对阳性重组质粒进行测序鉴定。将阳性质粒进行EcoRⅠ、SalⅠ双酶切,回收目的片段将其插入EcoRⅠ、SalⅠ双酶切的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中构建重组质粒pEGFP-N1-E,将重组质粒用脂质体转染Marc-145细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察显示,在转染后24h出现荧光,48h出现荧光高峰,筛选阳性细胞株,进行目的基因转录、Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达鉴定。结果表明：成功构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-E,建立了稳定表达的细胞株。为研究E蛋白如何与宿主细胞结合形成通道,PRRSV吸附、穿入宿主细胞的作用机理以及筛选特效的粒子通道阻断剂奠定了基础。     

Antiviral activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Matrine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is an acute infectious disease. The prevalence of PRRS has made swine industry suffered huge financial losses. Matrine, a natural compound, has been demonstrated to possess anti-PRRSV activity in Marc-145 cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were still unknown. The main objective of our study was to discuss the effect of Matrine on PRRSV N protein expression and PRRSV induced apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot were used to assess the effect of Matrine on N protein expression. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence staining. In addition, the effect of Matrine on caspase-3 activation was investigated by Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Matrine could inhibit N protein expression in Marc-145 cells. And Matrine was found to be able to impair PRRSV-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.     

家蝇体内猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的初步分离与鉴定

为调查养猪场环境中家蝇携带猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)情况,2010年采集贵州某猪场家蝇样本,采用RT-PCR方法筛选阳性样本,接种Marc-145细胞分离培养病毒,对分离获得的家蝇样本的PRRSV Nsp2基因进行克隆和序列分析。针对PRRSV N基因家蝇样本扩增出377 bp的特异性片段,阳性家蝇样本接种的Marc-145细胞出现明显CPE现象,针对PRRSV Nsp2基因细胞培养物扩增出1064 bp的特异性片段,测序结果显示,家蝇样本的细胞培养物的PRRSV Nsp2基因片段与贵州猪场猪源PRRSV流行株相比具有较高的核苷酸同源性,高达97.1%~98.5%。从而初步推断家蝇也可能成为PRRSV携带者。     

Proteomic alteration of Marc-145 cells and PAMs after infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Viral infections usually result in alterations in the host cell proteome, which determine the fate of infected cells and the progress of pathogenesis. To uncover cellular protein responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and Marc-145 cells were subjected to proteomic analysis involving two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS identification. Altered expression of 44 protein spots in infected cells was identified in 2D gels, of which the 29 characterised by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS included 17 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated proteins. Some of these proteins were further confirmed at the mRNA level using real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of HSP27, vimentin and the down-regulation of galectin-1. Our study is the first attempt to analyze the cellular protein profile of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells using proteomics to provide valuable information about the effects of PRRSV-induced alterations on Marc-145 cell function. Further study of the affected proteins may facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of PRRSV infection and pathogenesis.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5基因及猪IL-18基因共表达真核表达系统的建立

采用RT-PCR方法扩增了JL/07/SW毒株GP5蛋白和猪IL-18基因。将该基因克隆入真核表达载体pEG-FP-N1,获得重组质粒pEGFP-GP5和pEGFP-IL18-GP5。将重组质粒转染Marc-145细胞,通过Western blotting和green fluorescent检测产物的表达情况。结果显示,所构建的2个重组质粒在Marc-145细胞中能进行有效的转录。结果表明,所构建的重组质粒pEGFP-GP5和pEGFP-IL18-GP5在Marc-145细胞中得到表达,为进一步研究PRRSV基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

异源5′非翻译区在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染性拯救过程中的功能解析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reporoductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）基因组5′非翻译区（untranslated region,UTR）对病毒复制转录等过程至关重要,但其发挥作用的机制尚不清楚。本实验室将欧洲型PRRSV 5′UTR替换入北美型PRRSV弱毒株感染性克隆pAPRRS的骨架中,构建pAPLV5。经过DNA转染入MARC-145细胞系中,两次传代后,拯救出嵌合病毒vAPLV5。通过对嵌合病毒的全长测序发现,嵌合病毒基因组较亲本病毒发生了碱基突变,突变主要集中于Nsp2和Nsp9位置。将Nsp9位置（病毒的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶,RNA-dependent KNA povymerase,RdRp）的4处突变位点引入嵌合病毒的感染性克隆pAPLV5,所构建的4个突变嵌合克隆转染MARC-145细胞后无需传代即产生细胞病变（cytopathic effect,CPE）,且P0代病毒滴度较原嵌合病毒vAPLV5高。通过半定量负链和亚基因组检测发现,突变嵌合病毒的RNA合成水平也较亲本嵌合病毒高。由此推测PRRSV 5′UTR功能可能与RdRp相关,异源的5′UTR通过突变RdRp来发挥其调控作用,完成病毒拯救过程。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒强/弱毒感染PAM细胞生物学特性比较分析

为了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)强、弱毒株在PAM细胞上的增殖特性,本研究在体外分离培养了健康猪肺泡巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophages,PAM),然后分别用高致病性PRRSV强毒HuN4株和弱毒疫苗HuN4-F112株感染PAM细胞,细胞病变观察和间接免疫荧光检测结果显示,二者在体外均可以感染PAM细胞,其中强毒HuN4株感染PAM细胞CPE较为明显。在两个毒株感染PAM细胞后12、24、36、48、60h分别收获病毒感染的细胞,利用抗PRRSV N蛋白单抗进行Western blot分析检测病毒核蛋白在不同时间表达量的变化,结果表明,强毒株在感染PAM细胞的早期,N蛋白合成表达量明显高于弱毒疫苗株,而弱毒疫苗株在感染Macr-145细胞早期,N蛋白的合成量则明显优于强毒株。比较HuN4株与HuN4-F112株在PAM细胞和Marc-145细胞的生长曲线,结果显示强、弱毒在PAM细胞和Marc-145细胞生长趋势存在明显差异,其中强毒HuN4株在PAM细胞上增殖能力明显强于弱毒株,而弱毒HuN4-F112株在Marc-145细胞上的增殖能力明显强于其在PAM细胞上的增殖能力,表明PRRSV强毒株对靶细胞PAM的感染能力较强,弱毒疫苗株对其感染能力相对较弱。本研究为深入了解PRRSV强毒株与弱毒疫苗株的致病性差异提供了理论依据。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒XH株感染性克隆的构建

为构建猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)反向遗传操作系统,本实验采用RT-PCR方法将PRRSV-XH株的基因组序列分为6个片段进行扩增,连接至低拷贝载体pOKQ中,获得全长cDNA克隆。将该克隆体外转录,经脂质体转染Marc-145细胞,观察细胞病变。经RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和western blot等试验验证,表明构建了具有感染性的PRRSV-XH株全长cDNA克隆。本实验为在分子水平上研究PRRSV的复制、致病机理和基因产物的功能等方面提供技术支持,并为构建新型病毒载体和开发安全有效的活病毒疫苗奠定基础。     

Effect of virus-specific antibodies on attachment, internalization and infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in primary macrophages

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces respiratory distress in young pigs and reproductive failure in sows. In PRRSV infected pigs, virus persists for several weeks to several months. Although IPMA antibodies are detected from 7 days post inoculation (pi), virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies are commonly detected starting from 3 weeks pi with an SN test on Marc-145 cells. Since infection of Marc-145 cells is quite different compared to infection of macrophages, the in vivo target cell, the role of these VN antibodies in in vivo protection is questionable. In our study, we demonstrated that antibodies from pigs early in infection with PRRSV Lelystad virus (14 days pi) showed no neutralization in the SN test on Marc-145 cells, but partially reduced Lelystad virus infection of porcine alveolar macrophages. At 72 days pi, VN antibodies were detected by the SN test on Marc-145 cells, and these protected macrophages completely against Lelystad virus infection. In contrast, these VN antibodies only partially reduced porcine alveolar macrophage infection of a Belgian PRRSV isolate (homologous virus), and had no effect on infection of porcine alveolar macrophages with the American type VR-2332 strain (heterologous virus). Confocal analysis of Lelystad virus attachment and internalization in macrophages showed that antibodies blocked infection through both a reduction in virus attachment, and a reduction of PRRSV internalization. Western immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera from 14 days pi, which showed no neutralization in the SN test on Marc-145 cells but partially reduced Lelystad virus infection of macrophages, predominantly recognized the Lelystad virus N protein, and reacted faintly with the M envelope protein. Sera from 72 days pi, with VN antibodies that blocked infection of Marc-145 cells and PAM, reacted with the N protein and the two major envelope proteins M and GP5. Using the Belgian PRRSV isolate 94V360 an identical but less intense reactivity profile was obtained. VN sera also recognized the VR-2332 N and M protein, but not the GP5 protein.     

免疫抗体压力下PRRSVGD株Nsp2和GP5基因变异分析

以PRRSVGD-2007株为材料,在自然条件和抗体压力下连续传至40代后,分别命名为PRRSV—GD—f40和PRRSV—GDAb—f40,进行RT—PCR,扩增Nsp2基因部分序列和GP5基因全长,克隆并测序。应用序列分析软件将测序结果和已经发表的PRRSV毒株进行比对,结果显示：Nsp2基因扩增片段大小均为796bp,自然传代和抗体压力下传代后的新毒株和母源毒株的相似性分别为98．0％和97．9％;扩增的GP5基因大小为603bp,编码200个氨基酸,和母源毒株的相似性分别为99．2％和98．8％。     

一株猪高致病性蓝耳病病毒的分离鉴定与遗传变异分析

为研究猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)的遗传进化规律,于2018年从新疆某猪场采集的病猪血液中分离了一株PRRSV,命名为XJ-b。对临床样品采用RT-PCR扩增鉴定,将阳性样品过滤处理之后接种在Marc-145细胞系进行培养,将盲传3代之后出现病变(CPE)的Marc-145样品进行间接免疫荧光鉴定。通过噬斑纯化后,利用RT-PCR对分离株的全基因组进行扩增,使用SeqMan软件对测序结果进行拼接,并根据NCBI上已公布的PRRSV全基因组及Nsp2基因核苷酸序列进行遗传进化与同源性比对分析。结果表明,临床病料RT-PCR检测呈PRRSV核酸阳性,处理后的病料接种至Marc-145细胞72 h之后产生CPE,间接免疫荧光鉴定为PRRSV抗原阳性;序列拼接显示分离株全基因组开放阅读框大小为15119 bp;全基因组和Nsp2基因核苷酸序列分析和同源性比对显示该分离毒株属于中国的高致病性PRRSV亚群。研究结果可为近年来新疆地区PRRSV的毒株差异分析提供参考。     

一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株的分离与鉴定

试验旨在分离并鉴定从发病猪场分离的一株疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒毒株。从某疫情猪场病猪体内分离到一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株,经细胞传代培育成功增殖性能稳定的新毒株,命名为PRRSV-CHD。该毒株接种细胞后能够产生细胞病变(CPE),病毒滴度达10^-6 TCID50/0.1 mL,在Vero与BHK-21细胞上不出现细胞病变。采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测病毒抗原分布在细胞浆中。与VR2332、CH-1a、HUN4序列比对及系统进化树分析结果表明,该分离株属于美洲型PRRSV;与PRRSV VR2332、CH-1a等比对,Nsp2基因序列在2780—2782 nt有3个核苷酸小缺失和2933—3019 nt的87个核苷酸大缺失,属PRRSV变异株。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GD07b株的分离鉴定及Nsp2基因同源性分析

在某集约化猪场采集疑似高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病死猪的肺、淋巴结等病料,进行检测,将RT-PCR检测结果为阳性的病料处理后接种Marc-145细胞,培养72~96 h后细胞单层出现明显的CPE。收获病毒经RT-PCR方法检测,并将此PCR产物经纯化后连同引物送相关公司进行测序,结果显示,该病毒为繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2基因缺失株,将该病毒命名为HPPRRSV-GD07b株。将GD07b株序列与国内外19株PRRSVNsp2基因进行比较分析,结果表明,该毒株Nsp2基因与CH-1a株等4株PRRSV经典株同源性较低,为60.5%~81.6%;而与14株变异株同源性较高,为90.6%~98.9%。