PEG-6000模拟干旱对春小麦种子萌发的影响

以春小麦品种宁春50号和宁春4号种子为供试材料,采用5种不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱条件,研究春小麦种子萌发期对干旱胁迫的响应,比较不同品种春小麦的抗旱性。结果表明,随着PEG-6000浓度的增加,春小麦种子发芽指数、干物质转移率、芽长、总鲜重均呈明显下降趋势,种子残留干重、总干重、根冠比则呈上升趋势;低中浓度的PEG-6000处理对春小麦种子的发芽率和发芽势无显著影响,高浓度的PEG-6000处理下种子的发芽率和发芽势显著下降,宁春50号早期幼苗的可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化物酶活性呈上升趋势,而宁春4号则呈先上升后下降的趋势。采用隶属函数法比较2个品种春小麦种子萌发期的抗旱性,宁春50号种子萌发期抗旱性高于宁春4号。     

抗旱剂拌种处理对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响

干旱胁迫下用抗旱剂Ⅰ号拌种处理小麦种子可以提高小麦出苗率，促进根系发育，增加根冠比。处理后，幼苗的生理生化指标均高于对照，可使幼勒在较低水势下保持正常生长。     

草甘膦与2,4-D复配对薇甘菊防效的研究

为了明确草甘膦与2,4-D混配后防治薇甘菊的效果,采用温室盆栽试验,计算出2种除草剂复配后对薇甘菊的鲜重防效,结合等效线法评价二者的最佳配比。研究结果表明：2种药剂混用对薇甘菊具有增效作用,在草甘膦和2,4-D(153.75,175)到(170.65,161)两等效线坐标点之间范围地上部增效作用最明显,此两点的相互作用指数为1.58和1.60;而草甘膦和2,4-D(153.75,203.15)到(202.76,161)两等效线坐标点之间范围根部增效作用最明显,此两点相互作用指数为1.48和1.53。可见,草甘膦153.75~170.65 g a.i./hm2与2,4-D 161~175 g a.i./hm2的配比范围内对地上部的防效达到了最佳增效作用,而草甘膦153.75~202.76 g a.i./hm2与2,4-D 161~203.15 g a.i./hm2的配比范围内对根部的防效达到了最佳增效作用。     

Cu胁迫对小麦种子萌发及遗传损伤的影响

研究Cu胁迫对小麦种子萌发,幼苗生长和细胞分裂的影响。结果表明:随着Cu胁迫处理浓度的升高,小麦种子的发芽率、芽长、苗高、根长,有丝分裂指数等均呈下降的趋势。低浓度的Cu对小麦种子发芽率的影响不大,而高浓度的Cu对种子发芽率有抑制作用。盐培比水培处理对小麦毒害严重。根尖细胞有丝分裂指数分别降低至对照的33.43%、36.74%、39.25%和39.31%,各浓度处理组与对照组间根尖细胞有丝分裂指数差异达到显著水平(p0.05),但4个处理组间差异不显著。     

败脂酸钙拌种+赤酶酸浸种复合处理对干旱胁迫下小麦生长的效应

干旱胁迫下用败脂酸钙拌种 赤酶酸浸种复合处理小麦种子可以提高出苗率,增加根冠比,幼苗的各项生化指标均高于对照.8h浸种 2%拌种处理的出苗效果最好,出苗率为94%,高于正常水分对照.     

不同品种小黑麦萌发期耐旱性比较

用不同浓度的聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)溶液处理7个品种的小黑麦种子,测定其发芽率,发芽指数,活力指数、胚根、胚鞘、胚芽长度.结果表明,低浓度PEG-6000对小黑麦种子萌发有促进作用,随着胁迫浓度的增加,对种子萌发的抑制作用明显增强.不同品种表现不同,其中中新830最耐旱,中饲828、中饲237抗旱能力较强,冀饲1号、冀饲2号、NTH 1048、NTH1888耐旱程度中等,劲松49为干旱敏感品种.     

Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Cultivars

The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth was assessed using cultivars of greengram and blackgram. Significant positive correlation was noticed between seed size and germination, seedling height, root length, primary leaf size and seedling weight. The possible advantages of choosing cultivars with heavier seeds for attaining better crop stand especially under rainfed situation are discussed.     

外源钙对海水胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的缓解作用

以合春6号小麦为材料,研究了不同浓度海水对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以及Ca2+对海水胁迫的缓解作用.结果表明:低浓度海水不影响小麦种子萌发,海水浓度高于55％显著抑制小麦种子萌发.海水胁迫显著降低了小麦的根数、根长、胚芽鞘长、苗高.海水浓度为25％时根系活力最强.用4.0 g/L的Ca( NO3)2浸种能缓解海水对小麦的胁迫作用.     

抗旱浸种剂处理对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响

干旱胁迫下用抗旱剂处理小麦种子可以促进种子萌发和幼苗生长,提高出苗率,增加根冠比.处理后,各项生理生化指标均高于对照,可使幼苗在较低水势下保持正常生长,为小麦中后期发育打好基础.试验结果表明,本课题组研制的种子处理抗旱剂对小麦抗旱出苗的效果优于黄腐酸(FA).     

Varietal Differences of Wheat and Triticale to Water Stress

Six wheat ( Triticurn aestivum L.) and ten triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars were screened for water stress tolerance during germination and seedling stages in the laboratory and growth chamber, respectively. Germinating seeds and hydroponically-grown seedlings were subjected to osmotic stresses of –0.3 and –0.6 MPa using polyethylene glycol M. W. 8000. Both species and cultivar differences were found among the tested genotypes for all the parameters analyzed in both germination and seedling tests. Germination stress index was lower for seed exposed to -0.6 MPa than for -0.3 MPa osmotic stress. A significant relationship was found among plant height, fresh weight and dry weight stress indices evaluated during the seedling test. The cultivars that grew taller under stress conditions had greater dry matter accumulation, as well as higher germination and water uptake stress indices indicating the reliability of height to predict cultivar performance under such conditions. The cultivars Stacy (wheat) and Eu 14/15 (triticale) had higher dry matter accumulation, higher water uptake and leaf water potential, greater height and better germination under stress conditions than the other cultivars tested. Conversely, the cultivars GA 781014 (wheat) and Am 4147 (triticale) performed poorly with respect to all the parameters analyzed. Based on results from germination and seedling tests, the cultivars Stacy and Eu 14/15 were selected for more stress studies in the greenhouse and field.     

壳聚糖对马蹄金种子萌发及幼苗抗性相关的酶活性的影响

为了提高马蹄金种子的发芽率,增强植株的抗逆性,加速品种推广,改善草坪质量,采用不同浓度壳聚糖溶液处理马蹄金种子并进行萌发和栽培试验。统计了种子的发芽率、幼苗的株高、地上部植株鲜重、根长、根重和根冠比,并对幼苗的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)四种抗性相关酶的活性进行了测定。结果表明：0.8g/L壳聚糖处理与对照相比发芽率降低,其余浓度的壳聚糖对马蹄金种子萌发和幼苗生长具有明显的促进作用;随着处理浓度的提高,各酶的活性有所升高,0.5g/L达到最佳,但浓度进一步增大,却又表现出一定的抑制作用。试验说明,用适量浓度的壳聚糖溶液对马蹄金浸种,可以提高种子的发芽率,改善苗期的生长状况,提高幼苗的抗逆性,缩短成坪时间。     

假色槭种子透水性及内源抑制物质的初步研究

为研究假色槭种子透水性及种子不同部位甲醇浸提液生物活性,初步探讨假色槭种子休眠原因,比较了假色槭完整种子和剪裂种皮种子的吸水率,测定了种子各部位浸提液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制强度。结果表明,种皮透水性良好,对假色槭种子休眠影响较小。假色槭种子的果皮、种皮、胚浸提液处理后,对小麦种子发芽率影响较小,但却严重影响了小麦苗高、苗鲜重、根长、根鲜重的生长,降低了叶绿素含量、淀粉酶活性,抑制了小麦种子对自身淀粉和可溶性糖的吸收利用,而且随着各部位浸提液浓度比例的不断提升,其抑制活性也表现得愈加强烈。在各部位浸提液浓度比例相同的情况下,胚浸提液对小麦种子发芽率、苗高、苗鲜重、根长、根鲜重的生长以及各项生理指标的抑制影响强于种皮和果皮。说明假色槭种子果皮透水性不是其休眠的主要原因,种子各部位存在发芽抑制成分,尤其是胚的抑制活性最强可能是其休眠期较长、不易发芽的主要原因。     

玉米秸秆还田对小麦根部病害化感作用的模拟研究

在不同时期提取玉米秸秆腐解液,并通过测定其对小麦种子萌发、幼苗株高、茎叶干重、根干重等生长指标及对小麦纹枯病、全蚀病、根腐病病原菌的影响,室内模拟研究了还田玉米秸秆对小麦根部病害的化感作用。结果表明玉米秸秆腐解液对小麦种子萌发、根干重均具有抑制作用,且随腐解液浓度增加抑制作用增强,高浓度腐解液对小麦幼苗株高、茎叶干重的抑制作用较强。小麦根系活力随玉米秸秆腐解液浓度增高而降低,不同时期提取的腐解液对三种小麦根病病原菌菌丝生长具有不同程度的抑制作用。     

一种抗草甘膦转基因油菜的快速鉴定方法

为建立一种快速鉴定抗草甘膦转基因油菜的方法,以抗草甘膦转基因油菜品系及后代分离群体为研究材料,利用不同草甘膦浓度滤纸平板进行种子发芽,观察抗性材料和非抗性材料幼胚抗性反应表型,并通过PCR和苗期草甘膦处理进行抗性验证。结果表明,利用0.5~1 g/L的草甘膦溶液处理的抗性材料胚根根毛生长正常,而非抗性材料胚根生长迟缓且光滑无根毛;利用该浓度的处理BC₁和F₂抗性分离群体,幼胚根毛有无性状分离比符合1:1和3:1,幼胚个体的基因组PCR扩增结果与根毛有无呈共分离。通过观察在该浓度草甘膦发芽处理后的幼胚根毛有无,可有效区分抗草甘膦转基因油菜的抗性和非抗性材料。本研究建立的鉴定方法不仅能够对抗草甘膦油菜材料进行快速、准确鉴定,而且能保证材料成活,对抗草甘膦转基因油菜育种和种子纯度鉴定提供技术参考。     

扁穗牛鞭草浸出液对豆科牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以扁穗牛鞭草根1.5 g、茎1.5 g、叶1.5 g、根1 g及根0.5g的浸出液为处理液1～5,分别对紫云英、紫花苜蓿种子进行处理,测定种子发芽势、发芽率、畸化苗率、幼苗和根系生长情况,对不同处理进行多重比较,结果说明:扁穗牛鞭草根、茎、叶浸出液对供试种子萌发都有一定的化感作用,使发芽率有不同程度的降低,不同器官的浸出液作用不同,同一器官不同浓度的作用不同,同一器官同一浓度对不同豆科牧草种子的作用也不同.扁穗牛鞭草对豆科牧草种苗的生长、发育有化感作用,但不同处理表现出促进与抑制两种作用,同一处理在不同豆科上的作用也不一致;多重比较说明,不同处理之间对紫云英和紫花苜蓿株高、根系长、根总长的作用差异极显著(P＜0.01),对侧根数作用的差异不大.     

不同生物质炭对玉米种子萌发及幼苗根系形态特征的影响

为探讨生物质炭对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以美玉(加甜糯)8号为试验材料,在光照培养条件下利用对照、500°C制取的竹叶生物质炭、烟秆生物质炭和小麦秸秆生物质炭进行萌发培养试验,分别对玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数,以及幼苗根系形态等指标进行测定。结果表明：生物质炭对玉米种子萌发无显著影响,而不同生物质炭对玉米幼苗根系发育具有显著抑制作用；竹叶、烟秆和小麦秸秆生物质炭对玉米根长抑制率分别为14.4%、59.7%和37.3%。本试验可初步得出结论：在生物质炭条件下,玉米种子萌发的敏感性比幼苗根系伸长小；而根系抑制率可作为生物质炭对植物毒性评估的一种良好的测试方法。     

己唑醇种衣剂对麦苗素质的影响

本文以扬麦158和豫麦18为材料,研究了己唑醇种衣剂包衣麦种,对麦苗根、茎、出苗率等苗情素质的影响.试验结果表明不同处理的己唑醇种衣剂对麦苗株高、根长都有一定的抑制作用,其中最明显的处理是0.08g/kg有效成份.在低剂量0.02～0.04g/kg处理下,豫麦18的苗情素质优于扬麦158.     

几种植物生长调节剂对决明种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

分别采用GA3、6-BA和NAA处理决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)种子,结果表明:GA3、6-BA、NAA可提高种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数,还可增加幼苗的根数、全株鲜重和干重,三种植物生长调节剂都能够调节决明幼苗的生长发育,其中100mg/L对决明种子发芽和幼苗生长的作用效果最好。     

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Pre-sowing osmotic seed treatments were evaluated as a means of improving water uptake and germination performance of wheat ( Triticum durum L. cv. Hourani-27) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ACSAD 176) under four levels of water potential (0, –0.4, –0.8 and –1.2 MPa) created by using polyethylene glycol 8000. Seeds were osmoprimed in aerated solutions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 M KCl at 24 ± 2°C overnight and then rinsed and dried. Rate of water uptake by seeds was higher in osmoprimed than untreated seeds of both crops regardless of the water potential level. Decreasing water potential (more stress) adversely affected rate of water uptake in seeds of both crops. Seeds osmopriming increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination at high water potentials (low stress), whereas the germination at low water potentials (more stress) was not affected by osmopriming treatments. The effect of osmopriming on rate of water uptake, germination percentage, and time to 50% germination was more pronounced in wheat than in barley. Reduction in the lag time of imbibition may be accounted for in part by some germination rate enhancement in the osmopriming treatments. Fresh weight and length of shoots (plumules) and roots (radicles) were enhanced in osmoprimed seeds in comparison to untreated seeds, in both crops at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4 MPa). As water potential in the medium decreased, these traits were inversely affected regardless of osmopriming treatment. Longer roots in wheat compared to barley were noted in the positive osmopriming treatments at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4). These results might indicate that wheat is more responsive than barley at relatively high water potentials to osmopriming through rapid penetrating root system.     

空心莲子草浸提液对烟草种子萌发的化感作用研究

通过用空心莲子草根浸提液(4、0.8、0.4、0.08 g/L)处理烟草种子K326,并与蒸馏水对照相比,发现在4、0.8、0.08g/L 3个浓度的处理下烟草种子的萌发都得到了不同程度的促进,尤以0.08 g/L的促进效果最明显.用根状茎浸提液(4、0.8、0.4、0.08g/L)分别处理烟草种子K 326,与对照相比,4g/L浓度根状茎浸提液的处理对烟草种子的萌发表现出明显的抑制作用,廷缓了种子萌发达到最大值的时间,而其他3个浓度则表现出不同程度的促进.在4、0.08 g/L浓度根浸提液处理下,烟草种子的发芽率、发芽指数都显著高于对照.在0.08 ～4 g/L浓度范围内,促进效果:根浸提液＞根状茎浸提液.