Gestielte Spermatophoren bei Labidostomiden (Acari,Trombidiformes)

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Differences in leafminer (Phyllonorycter, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) and aphid (Tuberculatus, Aphididae, Hemiptera) composition among Quercusdentata, Q. crispula, Q. serrata, and their hybrids

Leafminer (Phyllonorycter, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) and aphid (Tuberculatus, Aphididae, Hemiptera) composition were studied in three deciduous oak species, Quercus dentata, Q. crispula, and Q. serrata, and their hybrids in Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Identification of trees in this forest was done mainly on the basis of discriminant analysis on leaf morphology with reference to trees in pure Q. dentata and Q. crispula stands and a Q. serrata stand mixed with Q. crispula. The results suggested that hybridization occurred in all combinations (i.e. Q. dentata–Q. crispula, Q. crispula–Q. serrata, and Q. serrata–Q. dentata) and the frequency of hybrids was approximately 10%. The composition of Phyllonorycter and Tuberculatus species differed between Q. dentata and Q. crispula or Q. serrata, but did not differ between Q. crispula and Q. serrata. Thus, Q. dentata could differ from Q. crispula and Q. serrata in chemical properties that determine herbivore host selection, survival, and performance, possibly reflecting eco-physiological differences or phylogenetic distances. The study insects were divided into three groups: species specialized to Q. dentata (three Phyllonorycter and one Tuberculatus species), those to Q. crispula and Q. serrata (six Phyllonorycter and two Tuberculatus species), and a species collected at least from Q. dentata and Q. crispula (one Tuberculatus species). Putative hybrid trees of Q. dentata and Q. crispula harbored both Q. dentata-specific and Q. crispula-specific insects.     

Neptunea Bolten (Fam.Neptunidae)

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Apanteles glomeratus (L) als Parasit vonAporia crataegi (L.)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Scarabaeidae (Euchirinae, Dynastinae, Glaphyrinae, Trichiinae)

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Experimentelle Erzeugung von Soldaten bei der TermiteKalotermes flavicollis (Fabr.)

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Massenauftreten der HaubennetzspinneTheridion ovatum Clerck(Theridiidae, Arachnoidea) an Lindenjungpflanzen

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Hollows in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees: I. Hollow sizes, tree attributes and ages

One hundred and fifty-four jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and 85 marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees were measured and assessed, and the numbers and sizes of hollows in these trees were determined by destructive sampling; 665 hollows were located and measured. The relationship between tree diameter and tree age was determined from counts of annual growth rings on 162 of these trees. Large trees and trees with moderately senescent crowns individually bear the most hollows. Although the number of hollows found in individual trees increased with tree diameter, the distribution of tree diameters in the forest is skewed and the large number of small trees with diameters between 40 and 80 cm contribute approximately 50% of all hollows in the jarrah forest. The distributions of entry size, and of hollow depth, are highly skewed, with small hollows occurring more frequently than large hollows. Although jarrah trees bear more hollows than marri trees and the distribution of entry sizes is similar for both tree species, the hollows in jarrah are significantly smaller than the hollows in marri. Most hollows are cylindrical in shape, vertically oriented and occur in dead wood in the tree crown. Relatively few hollows (14%) occur in the tree bole or at crown break. Counts of hollows made from ground level are inaccurate as estimates of the actual number of hollows in trees.     

Une Granulose, nouvelle Affection deMamestra oleracea L.(Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

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中国铺道蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科)昆虫研究

本文对中国的铺道蚁属进行了系统研究,共记述15种铺道蚁,其中新种4种,新记录2种。     

New data on the Nasal Bot-Fly,Rhinoestrus Tshernyshevi Grunin(Diptera, Oestridae) of the Wild Sheep (Ovis ammon L.)

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Hyptis suaveolens and Hyptis spicigera (Lamiaceae) essential oils: qualitative analysis, contact toxicity and repellent activity against Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Essential oils from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poiteau (Lamiaceae) and Hyptis spicigera Lamarck (Lamiaceae) were first analysed by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectroscopy and then evaluated for toxicity and repellent activity against Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), one of the most serious worldwide stored grain pests. Fifty-six compounds have been identified in the essential oil of H. suaveolens: monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most represented volatiles (64.1%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24.0%), oxygenated monoterpenes (8.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (2.4%). Diterpenes and non-terpene derivatives were scarcely represented. Sixty compounds have been identified in the essential oil of H. spicigera: monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most represented class of volatiles (70.4%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (22.6%). Results from topical applications on insects showed that both essential oils had an effective insecticidal activity. The complete kill of S. granarius was observed 24 h after treatment at a minimum effective dose of 0.4 and 0.6 μl per insect with H. suaveolens and H. spicigera oil, respectively. Results from repellency tests showed that the two essential oils had a repellent activity on S. granarius adults: at the lowest dose (2 × 10⁻⁴ μl oil per cm²), H. spicigera essential oil exhibited a higher repellent effect in comparison to H. suaveolens. No significant differences were observed for the repellent effect between the two essential oils at the highest dose (2 × 10⁻² μl oil per cm²).     

Studies on the damage potential of Closterotomus (=Calocoris) trivialis and Aphanosoma italicum (Hemiptera: Miridae) on citrus

This study aimed to investigate the damage potential of two hemipteran species that are commonly recorded in citrus orchards of the eastern Mediterranean region. These were Closterotomus trivialis Costa and Aphanosoma italicum Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae). Shoots on sweet orange trees were enclosed in muslin cages into each of which eight nymphs or eight adults were introduced not only in the early development of the buds but also in the different stages of the flowering period in 2008 (i.e., 6 and 19 March, 10 April and 2 May). In the experiments, adults of C. trivialis, and nymphs and adults of A. italicum were used. According to the results, in a few cases these insects caused a significant reduction in the number of buds or flowers and fruits dropped in comparison to the controls. However, the number of fruits that finally remained on the trees was not significantly affected. Therefore, the damage potential of these mirids on the fruit production of citrus was not shown to be significant under our experimental conditions.     

Nasekomie Dwukridlie Tom II, Wip.3: Komari-Dolgomoschki (Sem.Tipulidae) Podsem.Tipulinae: rodTipula L. (Tschast 1)

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Lypha dubia (Fall.)(Dipt.: Tachinidae) as a Parasite of the European Pine Shoot Moth,Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.)Lep.: Eucosmidae) in Europe

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Lypha dubia (Fall.)(Dipt.: Tachinidae) as a Parasite of the European Pine Shoot Moth,Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.)Lep.: Eucosmidae) in Europe

     

Impact of mistletoes (Amyema miquelii) on host (Eucalyptus blakelyi and Eucalyptus melliodora) survival and growth in temperate Australia

The damaging effects of mistletoes Amyema spp. on host eucalypts in rural Australia concern many landholders, but few data are available to evaluate mistletoe impacts or formulate management strategies. We used an experimental disinfection approach to determine the effects of a putative pest mistletoe, Amyema miquelii, on its two principal hosts, Blakely's red gum (Eucalyptus blakelyi) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora), on pastoral properties in northern New South Wales. For each host species, pairs of nearby trees were matched for heigth, diameter at breast height, level of mistletoe infestation and distance to neighbouring trees. One tree per pair was chosen at random and all the mistletoes pruned. After 33 months all treated trees were still alive, but among control trees seven of 29 red gums and one of 20 yellow box trees had died. The difference in survival between treated and control trees was significant for red gum. Among surviving pairs of trees, treated trees of both species had significantly greater diameter increments and significantly more foliage than untreated trees. After 33 months, the average increase in relative host foliage biomass attributable to removal of mistletoes was 22% in red gum and 24% in yellow box, compared with untreated controls. The average increase in radial growth attributable to mistletoe removal was 55% in red gum and 49% in yellow box. Diameter increment was negatively and linearly related to mistletoe infestation level in control trees of both species. The differences between infected and disinfected trees in this experiment may underestimate the impact of Amyema miquelii on host growth because small amounts of host biomass were unavoidably lost during disinfection. In a separate experiment, loss of host biomass had a significant negative impact on diameter increment. Although the results indicate that control of serious Amyema miquelii infestation of individual trees will be worthwhile in terms of immediate host survival and higher growth rate, prudent long-term management may well allow for the loss of small numbers of farm trees to mistletoes when planning tree recruitment and utilisation.     

核桃树体N、P、K营养元素诊断中采叶时间的确定*

树体营养指标的确定是通过叶分析来实现的。对此,有关学者认为一个至关重要的问题是采叶时间。叶分析的结果能否用于树体营养诊断,在很大程度上是由取样时间、部位所决定的。因为叶片中营养元素含量在年周期中变化很大。关于采叶的最佳时间众说不一,美国有人提出在盛花后6～8周采样,还有人提出在7～8月初。在我国一般在年生长稳定时期即7、8月采叶来确定树体营养元素的含量,一致认为要采生理成熟的叶子。对经济林木来说,它的产量和质量在很大程度上决定于树体营养的累积。为了使树体的营养水平数量化、指标化,更具有科学性,以便能指导实践,所以必须解决采叶的时间问题。     

Effects of root trenching of overstorey Norway spruce (Piceaabies) on growth and biomass of underplanted beech (Fagussylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) saplings

In Central Europe, the conversion of pure Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) into mixed stands with beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and other species like e.g. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is accomplished mainly by underplanting of seedlings beneath the canopy of overstorey spruce trees after partial cutting treatments what means exposure to shade and below-ground root competition by the overstorey to the seedlings. Particularly about the second factor, our knowledge is limited. Therefore, we carried out a below-ground competition exclusion experiment by root trenching and investigated the effects on soil resources, growth, and biomass partitioning of underplanted beech and Douglas fir saplings under target diameter and strip cutting treatments. The exclusion of overstorey root competition by trenching increased the soil water potential in the second year that had a fairly dry growing season and led to significantly higher foliar concentrations of most nutrients, particularly in Douglas fir, indicating an amended nutrient supply. Both improvements were accompanied by an increase in length and diameter increment of the underplanted saplings, appearing in both species only after having surpassed a species-specific threshold light value (Douglas fir 16% of above canopy radiation, beech 22%). We also found significant interactions between trenching and light for specific fine root length and further biomass and morphological parameters. Judged by the much steeper increase in height and diameter growth with increasing light after release from below-ground competition, Douglas fir saplings appeared to be more sensitive to root competition than beech saplings what conforms to older findings for beech. According to our results, a strip cutting seems to be more appropriate than a target diameter cutting treatment to replace a pure spruce stand by a mixed stand with beech and Douglas fir.     

二双斑唇瓢虫的初步研究

二双斑唇瓢虫的初步研究＊焦懿陈勇叶寿德王自力王绍云毛玉芬关键词二双斑唇瓢虫形态特征生物学习性防治白蜡虫ＥｒｉｃｅｒｕｓｐｅｌａＣｈａｖａｎｎｅｓ是我国重要的资源昆虫，主要分布在四川、云南、贵州、湖南等省。在白蜡白生长发育的各个阶段，都不同程度地受到各...     

Versuche mitBeauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. gegenBlastophagus piniperda L.(Col., Scolytidae)

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