水貂对五种非常规蛋白质饲料的氨基酸消化利用率研究

为了研究水貂对5种非常规蛋白质饲料中各种氨基酸的表观消化率,试验选取年龄、品种、体重相近、健康的准备配种期改良型黑色母貂30只,平均分成5组,每组6只,采用套算法测定了水貂对5种饲料原料中氨基酸的表观消化率。结果表明:对于必需氨基酸,水貂对羽毛粉中缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的表观消化率显著低于其他组(P0.05);进口鱼粉、血浆蛋白粉、猪血球蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白粉中缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸的表观消化率之间差异不显著(P0.05);水貂对猪血球蛋白粉中异亮氨酸的表观消化率最低,与羽毛粉之间差异不显著(P0.05);羽毛粉中组氨酸和蛋氨酸的表观消化率较低。非必需氨基酸中,羽毛粉中精氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的表观消化率之间差异不显著(P0.05)。5种试验饲粮的蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白利用率指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。水貂对5种非常规蛋白质饲料中氨基酸的表观消化率最好的是进口鱼粉,其次是血浆蛋白粉、猪血球蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白粉,表观消化率最低的是羽毛粉。     

家禽饲料中氨基酸消化率及利用率的测定

引言在配制家禽日粮时,营养学家的首要考虑是氨基酸需要量而不是蛋白质总需要量。已发表的饲料氨基酸含量的数据,通常由物理化学分析所得。这些方法测定的是氨基酸总量,然而蛋白质中的每种氨基酸并不是都能在动物的消化、吸收和代谢过程中被有效地利用。     

家禽饲料氨基酸消化率和利用率的研究进展

家禽饲料氨基酸消化率和利用率的研究进展国家饲料质量监督检验中心田河山１前言一般认为，日粮中的氨基酸（英文缩写ＡＡ，游离的或更多的为蛋白结构成分的）大约占家禽日粮成本的四分之一。然而，和其它营养素相比，ＡＡ是对经济效益影响最大的营养成分，ＡＡ缺乏将极大...     

家禽饲料氨基酸消化率和利用率测定方法综述

饲料氨基酸消化率是评定饲料原料营养价值和可利用性的一项重要指标，也是目前动物营养领域研究的热点，饲料原料氨基酸消化率的获得为动物可消化氨基酸需要量的测定和更准确地设计日粮配方提供参考数据。氨基酸消化率主要是通过消化试验测得，该测值对家禽而言，更确切地讲应该是“氨基酸代谢率”，在研究中许多学者发现家禽尿中的氨基酸含量很少，可忽略不计，故也经常称之为“氨基酸消化率”。目前，国内外对饲料原料氨基酸消化率进行研究的很多，也很深入，从测定方法的探讨到大量饲料原料氨基酸消化率试验数据的获得都有较广泛的报道，…     

几种家禽饲料原料中的氨基酸利用率

日本家禽营养学研究人员,应用真代谢能试验对禾谷类粮食、油菜籽粉、糠麸和动物蛋白的真代谢能值进行测定,证明禾谷类粮食的平均真代谢能值范围从玉米的92%到裸大麦的74%;油菜籽粉的平均值范围为大豆粉的92%到芝麻籽粉的35%;动物蛋白的平均值为白鱼粉的94%到肉骨粉的69%;苜     

10种低成本蛋白质家禽饲料

饲料是家禽生长发育的物质基础,常用的蛋白质饲料有鱼粉、大豆、豆饼等,但成本太高,这里介绍几种取之容易,用之经济的蛋白质饲料。1.菜籽饼:菜籽饼中,粗蛋白质的含量为31.5%,可消化蛋白25.6%,粗脂肪10.2%,粗纤维11.1%,无氮浸出物27.9%,钙0.82%,磷0.46%,还含有氨基酸和锰、锌、铜等微量元素,菜籽饼也有毒,可用1%硫酸亚铁拌和后加热去毒,去毒后按日粮的10%喂给。2.花生壳粉:花生壳粉中含有大量的脂肪、淀粉、糖类、维生素、矿物质等各种营养物质。将花生壳碾成粉状拌在精料中喂鸡,蛋鸡吃了产蛋率可提高,肉鸡增重快,可提高出肉率。3.向日葵盘:…     

10种低成本蛋白质家禽饲料

饲料是家禽生长发育的物质基础,常用的蛋白质饲料有鱼粉、大豆、豆饼等,但成本太高,这里介绍几种取之容易,用之经济的蛋白质饲料.     

10种低成本蛋白质家禽饲料

饲料是家禽生长发育的物质基础,但饲料中的主要成分--蛋白蛋比较紧缺,常用的鱼粉、大豆、豆饼等,成本太高,这里介绍几种取之容易、用之经济的蛋白质饲料.     

10种低成本蛋白质家禽饲料

本人作为农业部兽药GMP检查员．曾经参与过部分兽药生产企业的兽药GMP验收工作.根据《兽药生产质量管理规范》．《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》和《兽药GMP检查验收评定标准》对兽药生产企业进行现场检查．查看软件与有关人员座谈等形式进行综合评定打分．最后作出评判，在检查验收评定标准中所涉及的关键条款项目．     

北京肉仔鸭饲料氨基酸利用率测定

选用80只5周龄北京肉仔鸭,测定了进口鱼粉、豆粕、玉米和麸皮4种饲料原料的氨基酸表观利用率(AAAA)和真利用率(TAAA),试验强饲排空期、粪尿排泄物收集期均为48h,强饲量鱼粉、豆粕为30g,玉米40g,麸皮25g,对照组为30g无氮日粮。试验结果表明,5周龄肉仔鸭对鱼粉、豆粕、玉米、麸皮的平均氨基酸表观利用率和真利用率分别为91.82%、82.76%、75.58%、72.25%和97.04%、90.07%、88.34%、85.61%。     

The influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability of three feedstuffs for ganders

1. Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability (AAA) of three feedstuffs for goose. 2. Nine caecectomised and 9 intact Yangzhou ganders, 24 weeks old, were used in these experiments. Fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal were used as the sole source of protein. The endogenous amino acid (AA) losses were evaluated by a nitrogen (N)-free diet method. The influence of caecectomy on apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) in fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal was assessed in experiment 1 and true amino acid availability (TAAA) of three protein diets was determined in experiment 2. 3. Results showed that, in the soybean meal and cottonseed meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were higher than in the caecectomised ganders; in the fish meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were lower than in the caecectomised ganders. 4. Results of the present study suggest that the effect of caecectomy on AAA in geese was dependent on the feedstuff assayed, and it was better to use caecectomised poultry for AAA assessment.     

鸡对饲料氨基酸有效利用率的研究

采用Sibbald“真代谢能”法测定饲料原料的氨基酸有效利用率。试验鸡分别强饲玉米、大豆粕和鱼粉 ,测定鸡强饲后的氨基酸排出量。结果表明 ,不同种类饲料原料的氨基酸利用率存在差异 ,玉米与大豆粕、鱼粉间差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。不同种类氨基酸之间利用率也有差异。 3种饲料原料的氨基酸真利用率均大于表观利用率 ,其中玉米的差异达到极显著水平 (P <0 0 1 ) ,表明内源性氨基酸对氨基酸利用率有影响 ,且这种影响随饲料原料中粗蛋白质水平的下降而增大。 3种饲料原料的氨基酸利用率在去盲肠鸡与正常鸡之间存在差异。盲肠微生物对饲料原料的氨基酸利用率有影响 ,且对不同种类氨基酸的影响有差异 ,这种影响不能通过内源性氨基酸的校正而消除。另外 ,内源性氨基酸的排泄量在去盲肠鸡大于正常鸡。表明内源性氨基酸也受到盲肠微生物的影响     

家禽蛋白质和氨基酸的维持代谢

蛋白质及氨基酸的维持代谢比较复杂,一直是动物营养学研究的难点之一。维持需要作为一项基础研究,对于探索具有普遍意义的营养需要规律,比较不同动物或同一种类动物在不同的条件下的营养需要特点具有重要作用。文章就家禽氨基酸维持代谢的意义、途径,维持氨基酸需要量的研究方法及研究现状等几方面作以简单阐述。     

饲料回肠末端氨基酸消化率测定方法的研究

畜禽饲料回肠消化率是一项评评价饲料营养价值更有效的指标，和以配制日粮，更符合畜禽对营养物质的需要，饲料因种类，来源及加工处理不同，回肠消化率也表现出差异；同时饲料回肠消化率又受动物年龄，性别、生长阶段及生产目的影响。     

影响家禽饲料代谢能的因素

家禽饲料代谢能受许多因素的影响。概括起来可分为3个方面:测定方法、试验动物和饲料本身。所有影响饲料消化吸收的因素均间接影响代谢能值。本文对这些因素进行分析讨论,并提出了各种解决办法。1测定方法从各种代谢能的定义上看,真代谢能(TME)>氮校正真代谢能(TMEn)>表观代谢能(AME)>氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)(Wolynetz和Sibbald,1984)。目前普遍采用的测定方法是排空强饲法(Sibbald,1975)。由于试禽采食量较小,试验过程中每个操作的微小误差均会影响最终测定值。AME随采食量增加而升高。用内源排泄能(EEL)对AME进行校正(TME)可减…     

Modeling amino acid requirements of poultry

Poultry nutritionists should constantly evaluate their feeds and feeding programs in view of the changes that continue to be made to the potential growth rate of broilers and egg production in laying hens with the objective of providing the birds with the optimum economic level of nutrients at all times. In this review, the models generated at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Jaboticabal, to estimate the optimum intake of amino acids (AA) for broilers and laying hens are presented. These models were used to estimate the variation in AA intake within a broiler population making use of coefficients of variation that represent the real situation in a commercial broiler operation. The range of AA intakes obtained was compared to some commonly applied feeding programs and recommendations. Based on results of our developed models and other feeding programs, feeds were formulated and growth was predicted using a growth simulation model (Avinesp). The prediction of growth showed that these models are reliable and useful tools to assist the nutritionists in decision making. In a study with laying hens, the Reading model (RM) was used to establish optimum economic AA intakes in a flock of hens. The input variables were the means and standard deviations of egg output and BW, and the relationship between the marginal cost of the AA and the marginal revenue for eggs. Based on this model, the optimum intake of each AA can vary with each of the variables considered. The models proposed in our study enable important decisions to be made regarding AA intakes to be used to obtain optimum economic performance from a population of broilers and laying hens.     

家禽回肠氨基酸消化率评定及应用研究进展

<正>在家禽的传统营养体系中,蛋白质营养采用总氨基酸体系,该体系不能真实反映氨基酸在家禽消化道内的利用情况,因而不能精确地指导生产。研究表明     

植酸酶对氨基酸在鸡体内消化率的影响

植酸酶不仅可以增加畜禽对矿物质的利用率还可以影响氨基酸在畜禽体内的消化吸收,本文将从必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸两个方面来阐述植酸酶对氨基酸在鸡体内消化率的影响。     

Measurement of endogenous amino acid losses in poultry

1. Ileal endogenous amino acid losses were determined in broiler chickens and in cannulated cross‐bred layer strain cockerels using either a nitrogen‐free diet, regression analysis or a 48 h fast.

2. Endogenous amino acid flows to the ileum in fasted cockerels were significantly lower than those obtained both by feeding the nitrogen‐free diet, and from regression analysis in either broilers or cockerels. Regression analysis gave the highest flows.

3. The apparent digestibility coefficients of amino acids in a diet containing 200 g/kg crude protein were lower in broilers (0.84) than in cockerels (0.88). When corrected, by regression analysis, for the contribution of endogenous amino acids, the true digestibility coefficients became 0.90 and 0.92 respectively.