Effects of Different Substrate Composition on Growth of Gesneriaceae Plants

The cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different proportions of peat soil, perlite, vermiculite and yellow mud on growth of Gesneriaceae species(Chirita gueilinensis, Sinningia speciosa, Lysionotus pauciflorus, Hemiboea henryi, Aeschynanthus acuminatus, Saintpaulia ionantha). The growth traits of each plant growing in 7 different matrix materials were investigated.The plant height, crown width and chlorophyll content of each plant were measured. The results showed that the best substrate ratio was peat soil∶vermiculite=2∶1for C. gueilinensis, L. pauciflorus and H. henryi; peat soil∶perlite∶vermiculite = 2∶1∶1for S. ionantha; peat soil∶vermiculite∶yellow mud=2∶1∶1 for S. speciosa; peat soil∶perlite∶vermiculite∶yellow mud=2∶1∶1∶1 for A. acuminatus.     

A Comparative Study on Mutagenic Effects of Space Flight and Irradiation of γ-rays on Rice

The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.     

随机交配群体隐性致死纯合基因型出现的平方Logistic模型(英文)

From the random mating population of maize, the relationship between heterosis and albino seedling was analyzed by means of mathematical theory, further the square logistic model for the appearance of lethal recessive homozygous genotype was deduced. The model shows that heterosis can determine the genetic structure and proportion of population. It approves, that the proportion of aa in each generation of maize seedlings shows a similar Logistic curve in growth process till equilibrium, so long as Aa containins lethal gene a from mutation presents heterosis. The ratio of equilibrium state of aa is determined by the ratio of AA-Aa fitness. Heterosis is helpful for the keeping of genetic diversity of population.     

Wetting patterns and bacterial distributions in different soils from a surface point source applying effluents with varying Escherichia coli concentrations

Understanding bacterial transportation in unsaturated soil is helpful for reducing and avoiding pathogenic contamination that may be induced by irrigation with reclaimed waste water and for developing better irrigation management practices. Experiments were conducted to study the transport of a typical bacterium, Escherichia coli(E. coli), in a sandy and a sandy loam soil under different application rates and input concentrations. A 30° wedge-shaped plexiglass container was used to represent one twelfth of the complete cylinder in the experiments. The apparent cylindrical application rate varied from 1.05 to 5.76 L h–1 and the input concentration of E. coli from magnitude of 102 to 107 colony-forming unit(CFU) m L–1. F or a given volume of water applied, an increase in application rate resulted in an increase in the wetted radius and a decrease in the wetted depth. In the sandy loam soil, the water spread out in a circular-arc shaped saturated zone on the surface, and the ultimate saturated entry radius increased with the application rate. An increasing application rate of water suspended bacteria allowed a more rapid transport of bacteria, thus accelerating E. coli transport rate and resulting in a larger distributed volume of E. coli for both soil types. For the sandy soil, more than 70% of the E. coli that was detected within the entire wetted volume concentrated in the range of 10 cm from the point source, and the concentration of E. coli decreased greatly as the distance from the point source increased. More than 98% of the E. coli was detected in a range of 5 cm around the saturated wetted zone for the sandy loam soil. For both soil types tested, an extremely high concentration of E. coli was observed in the proximity of the point source, and the peak value increased with an increased input concentration. In principle, using an emitter with relative lower application rate would be effective to restrict E. coli transport. To reduce bacterial concentration in the sewage effluent during wastewater treatment is important to decrease the risk of soil contamination caused by irrigation with sewage effluent.     

Higher Chilling-Tolerance of Grafted-Cucumber Seedling Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress

The roots of figleaf gourd （Cucurbita ficifolia, as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan 4, as scion） to low temperature. In this experiment, the root activity and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in the own-rooted and grafted-cucumber plants were studied at chilling temperature （4℃） under low irradiance （100 μmol m^2 s^-1 PFD）. Compared with dark adaptation seedlings, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve and the oxidizable P700 （P700＋） of both the own-rooted and grafted seedlings decreased, and PS2 and PS1 of the own-rooted seedling leaves were more inhibited than that of grafted ones at the end of chilling stress. The reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）, which was used to reflect the root activity, kept stable in grafted seedling roots at the end of chilling stress, while it decreased noticeably in the own-rooted seedling roots. These results implied that the root system activity of the grafted seedling roots was higher than that of the own-rooted ones. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was higher in both the grafted seedling roots and leaves than that in own-rooted seedlings at both room temperature and chilling temperature. Upon exposure to chilling stress, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content, which reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation, increased markedly in the own-rooted seedling roots and leaves and kept stable in the grafted-cucumber seedlings.     

冬凤兰非共生萌发和低温离体保存（英文）

[Objective] The aim of the research was to establish asymbiotic germination and low-temperature in vitro conservation technique system of Cymbidium dayanum by using plant tissue culture technique to realize its rapid propagation and long-term conservation in vitro.[Method] With mature seeds of C.dayanum as explants,different media were selected to establish asymbiotic germination technique system.With protocorms as materials,conservation,resumptive proliferation and plant regeneration conditions were selected to establish low-temperature in vitro conservation technique system preliminarily.[Result] Mature seeds of C.dayanum could germinate after cultured 90 days on MS media as well as "Hyponex 1" media.The germination rate reached more than 98%.Protocorms inoculated in "Hyponex 1" media could be conserved continuously at 5 ℃ in dark for more than 18 months and the survival rate could reach 90%.Conserved protocorms could realize resumptive proliferation culture both on 1/2 MS and "Hyponex 1" media.The seedling-strengthening and rooting media were 1/2 MS media.[Conclusion] This research provided practical basis for in vitro conservation and rapid propagation of C.dayanum germplasm resource.     

饲草玉米扦插繁殖技术研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to provide technical guidance for cutting propagation of forage maize SAUMZI.[Method]The survival situation of cuttings at different stem parts and with different internodes numbers and nutrient basis of cutting growth were studied in this experiment.[Result]The survival of young cutting was high while the rooting rate,germination rate and soluble sugar content of lower part of old stem and young cutting were all high.The rooting rate and survival rate with two nodes were higher than those with one node.The total nitrogen content in young stem and in all stems of two-year-old strain were relatively high while soluble sugar content was positively correlated to germination rate,however,total nitrogen content did not show obvious correlation with rooting rate and germination rate.[Conclusion]The young cutting possessed the highest survival rate and germination rate.     

Screening Method for Transgenic Maize with Kanamycin Resistance

[Objective]The paper was to establish simple and effective method to screen marker gene in maize with kanamycin resistance.[Method]Using inbred line "Chang 7-2" and hybrid "Zhengdan 958" of maize as test materials,their seeds were soaked with different concentrations and volumes of kanamycin for3 and 4 d,respectively,the rate of albino seedlings and average seedling height after sowing for10 d were investigated.[Result]The rate of albino seedlings not only was related to kanamycin concentration,but also had relationship with solution volume during soaking process.The difference between inbred line and hybrid was no significant.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 200 mg/L was used to soak seeds for 3 d,the rate of albino seedlings basically could reach 100%.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 100 mg/L was used to soak 20 seeds for 3 d to carry out resistance screening,the accuracy was up to 84.8% after verifying the screening test of T1 transgenic maize plants.[Conclusion]The method was feasible,which could be used as a simple method for screening transgenic gene maize with kanamycin resistance.     

Effects of Substitute Media on Development of Potted Cyclamen percicum Mill.

Five kinds of agricultural castoffs, such as sawdust and powder of coconut coir, were used as growing media to substitute the peat moss for potted Cyclamen percicum. It showed that most of the substitute media could fit for the growth of the root system without disturbing the spatial development of the root. The root activities of the plants in substitute media were all higher or not significantly lower than that in the contrast peat moss （PM）. The substitute media might not make adverse effects on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll of C. percicum leaves, and the nutrient components contained in the substitute media itself was none of the content of mineral elements in the leaves. The morphological indexes of C. percicum plants growing in the substitute media except in the powder of coconut coir （PCC） were all better than those in the contrast PM. The synthetically evaluation index of the plant showed that the sawdust, the powder of maize core, the powder of soybean stalk, the powder of peanut hull could take place the peat moss totally in C. percicum industrialization cultivation.     

Obtaining and Cytological Identification of a Set of Primary Trisomics in Cabbage

Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was used as material, using the root-tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis to select the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x x 2x in the cabbage. Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics （Tri-1, Tri-2, Tri-3, Tri-4, Tri-5, Tri-6, Tri-7, Tri-8, and Tri-9, in which the Tri-1 and Tri-4 were from 2n＋2 plants and others from 2n＋ 1 plants） was acquired from these plants. Each trisomic exhibited some unique features, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud, and inflorescence. The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in the cabbage.     

三倍体毛白杨硬枝扦插容器育苗基质的筛选

[目的]筛选有效又经济的三倍体毛白杨容器育苗基质。[方法]以砂壤土、泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、河沙、草浆污泥等作为扦插基质,以成活率、苗高生长量作为指标,对三倍体毛白杨容器育苗基质进行筛选。[结果]不同混合基质对容器苗成活率影响达到了极显著水平。泥炭与蛭石配比为5∶2（M10）、泥炭与蛭石配比为7∶2（M11）以及纯砂壤土（M1）为基质的扦插成活率较高,达到90.0%以上∶不同混合基质对容器苗高生长量的影响极为显著,砂壤土、泥炭以及蛭石配比为6∶2∶2（M5）以及纯砂壤土（M1）为基质组合的60 d苗高生长量达37.0 cm以上。[结论]结合育苗基质成本分析,确定砂壤土是三倍体毛白杨硬枝扦插容器育苗的最适基质。     

红叶椿营养钵根段育苗试验

[目的]为红叶椿科学栽培提供依据。[方法]对红叶椿根段按粗度分成0.5~<1.0、1.0~<1.5、1.5~<2.0、2.0~<2.5、≥2.5 cm5个等级,用泥炭2+蛭石1、发酵花生壳2+沙壤土1、发酵花生壳2+珍珠岩1、发酵花生壳、沙壤土5种基质进行扦插育苗,调查育苗效果。[结果]粗度1.0~<1.51、.5~<2.0 cm处理生根率均达92.2%,移栽成活率分别为92.8%、91.6%;沙壤土、泥炭2+蛭石1处理的生根率分别达92.2%、91.1%,移栽成活率分别达90.4%、91.5%。[结论]用直径1.0~<2.0 cm根段,泥炭2+蛭石1、沙壤土基质进行营养钵插根育苗,效果最好。     

不同栽培基质对香椿网袋容器苗生长的影响

[目的]研究不同栽培基质对香椿网袋容器苗生长的影响。[方法]采用泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩和松树皮4种栽培基质,共设3次重复,以香椿种子为试材进行播种苗培育。[结果]不同基质培育苗木对香椿网袋容器苗生长指标方差分析影响均显著。M1基质容器苗的苗高、地径、地上干重和地下干重最大,分别为26.96 cm、2.98 mm、0.99 g、0.21 g;M8基质容器苗主根长最大,为9.34 cm;M4基质容器苗一级侧根数最多,为8.30根。不同栽培基质容器苗的质量指标为M1(0.087)>M2(0.079)>M5(0.075)>M4(0.069)>M9(0.062)>M3(0.042)>M8(0.034)>M6(0.029)>M7(0.026)。[结论]M1基质为香椿容器苗最适宜的配比基质,M2基质次之。     

不同比例生物炭替代泥炭栽培基质对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究得到替代泥炭的最佳生物炭育苗基质配比。[方法]以生物炭、泥炭、椰糠、蛭石和珍珠岩为基质,按照生物炭和泥炭的不同配比,研究基质理化性质差异及其对西瓜幼苗生长的影响。[结果]随着基质中生物炭比例的增加,基质容重和持水孔隙降低,pH、总孔隙度增大,且其值均在育苗基质适宜范围之内;各处理间西瓜幼苗出苗率无显著差异,株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重、壮苗指数和根系活力均呈先增大后减小的趋势,西瓜幼苗各生长指标以T_2处理(生物炭∶泥炭=2∶3)为最佳,高于纯泥炭基质的CK。[结论]可用一定比例生物炭替代泥炭,在对基质水分和养分条件起到一定的协调作用的同时促进幼苗生长。     

浙江楠轻基质容器苗培育技术研究

[目的]研究浙江楠轻基质容器苗培育技术。[方法]采用正交设计开展了珍贵用材树种浙江楠无纺布轻基质容器育苗试验,研究了容器高度、缓释肥施入量、基质配比等因子对浙江楠苗木质量的影响。[结果]不同容器规格、不同基肥施入量、不同基质配比对浙江楠轻基质容器苗生长影响显著。[结论]以10 cm长的容器、基质配比为泥炭∶珍珠岩∶砻糠=6∶2∶2、每立方米基质中加入APEX18-6-12缓释肥3 kg组合,生产成本低、苗木质量好。     

不同配比基质对猴樟容器苗生长的影响

[目的]筛选适宜培养猴樟容器苗的基质及配比,为培育优质猴樟容器苗提供技术支持.[方法]以蛭石、珍珠岩、生红壤、火烧土、河沙、泥炭和木屑配制成6种配比的栽培基质(处理1~处理6)进行猴樟一年生容器苗培育试验,幼苗生长停止后测定分析各处理猴樟一年生容器苗的苗高、地径、生物量及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等指标.[结果]不同配比基质对猴樟一年生容器苗苗高、地径、生物量、苗木质量指数及叶片叶绿度(SPAD值)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均有明显影响.处理5(生红壤:火烧土:泥炭:河沙:有机肥=3:3:1:3:1)的苗高和苗木质量指数分别为41.72 cm和5.03,显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)高于除处理4(生红壤:火烧土:泥炭:河沙:有机肥=5:2:1:2:1)外的其他处理,地径(8.36 mm)和总干重(29.46 g)显著或极显著大于其他处理;处理4叶片的可溶性糖含量(2.97 g/100 g)极显著高于除处理2外的其他处理,可溶性蛋白含量(1.26 mg/g)显著或极显著高于其余处理;处理4的SPAD值(36.12)明显低于除处理2外的其他处理.主成分分析及综合评价结果表明,处理4和处理5猴樟容器苗的综合品质较佳.[结论]适宜猴樟一年生容器苗生长的栽培基质及配比为生红壤:火烧土:泥炭:河沙:有机肥=3~5:2~3:1:2~3:1.培养基质容重过小其保肥性能越差,且不利于猴樟发达根系的固定,因此在培育猴樟容器苗木时宜选择重型基质.     

不同育苗基质对翠菊幼苗质量的影响

用蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭、腐熟鸡粪、腐熟猪粪配制育苗基质,在温室条件下研究其时翠菊[Calliste-phus chinensis(L.)Nees]幼苗质量的影响.综合分析结果表明,翠菊苗在处理3(草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩:腐熟鸡粪为3:3:2:2)基质上生长最好.苗期指标显示.生长在处理3基质配方上的苗全株干重为1440.21mg、地下干重为406.56mg、茎粗为0.37cm、株高为7.22 cm、壮苗指数为1367.43、叶绿素含量为2.82mg·dm~(-2)、光合速率达到5.39 μmolCO_2·m~(-2).s~(-1),差异均达到显著水平.     

不同生根粉对宁南地区几种常见树种硬枝扦插的影响简

为了优化宁南地区常见树种扦插技术,为其大面积生产推广提供科学育苗技术指导,研究不同浓度的ABTl号生根粉和国光生根粉对宁南地区几种常见树种插穗愈伤组织形成时间、发根时间、发根数、平均根长以及成活率的的影响。结果表明：ABT1号生根粉100mg＆g和国光生根粉的4500mg／kg对毛白杨和新疆杨硬枝扦插有明显的促进作用,ABTI号生根粉150mg/kg和国光生根粉6500mg／kg对臭椿和白蜡硬枝扦插有明显的促进作用,比清水处理及其他处理差异明显。低浓度和高浓度处理对硬枝扦插有抑制作用,并且国光生根粉的最佳浓度处理要比ABT1号生根粉的最佳浓度处理效果略好。由于树种本身的差异．毛白杨和新疆杨硬枝扦插生根明显要比臭椿和白蜡生根容易,成活率高。     

茶树硬枝扦插研究

[目的]为了充分利用茶树硬枝,扩大无性繁殖系数,研究茶树硬枝短穗与扦插成活率、茶苗长势的关系。[方法]开展3、5、7cm这3种不同长度硬枝短穗和留全叶、留叶2／3、留叶1／2这3种不同留叶硬枝短穗的比较试验。[结果]茶树硬枝长度5cm、留叶2／3的短穗扦插效果较好,成活率达88．3％,平均着叶数7．6片,苗高27cm,25cm以上苗达85．6％。[结论]阐明了影响茶树硬枝扦插成活率及长势的内因和外因,提高扦插成活率的关键是剪取适合的短穗和加强苗圃管理。试验达到了茶树无性繁殖的效果,为茶树硬枝扦插技术的推广应用提供了理论基础,同时为茶树良种繁殖提供了一项有效方法。     

不同轻基质配方对思茅松容器育苗的影响

以草炭土、珍珠岩、蛭石、椰糠、松林下土、山地红壤作为思茅松育苗的轻型基质原料,研究6种基质不同配比对思茅松幼苗生长特性的影响。结果表明:基质重量、幼苗保存率和苗高可有作为评价优良轻基质配方的重要指标;草炭土∶蛭石∶松林下土按4∶1∶5的比例配置成的基质育苗效果较好,思茅松幼苗保存率、苗高、地径、主根长和侧根数分别比对照高出9.46%、6.53 cm、0.12 cm、6.42 cm和13条,而单位基质重量则比对照轻233 g,该比例可以在思茅松容器培育优先考虑的轻基质配方,基质重量与幼苗保存率之间有显著负相关。