共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
营养与疾病之间存在着非常密切的关系。一方面,动物的营养状况影响机体的免疫功能和抗病力;另一方面,动物的营养需要随动物临床和亚临床疾病而改变。二者关系的研究导致营养免疫学的发展,为营养学和免疫学开辟了新的研究领域。近二十多年来,国内外许多学者在营养免疫学领域做了大量的工作,希望能够达到通过台理的营养供给,增强机体对疾病的抵抗力或者能够尽快恢复健康,进而减少药物的使用,为安全、绿色、有机畜产品的生产奠定基础。本文就目前有关动物营养与免疫的研究进展作一概述,旨在为进一步认识营养与免疫的关系,为抗病营养的研究积累资料。 相似文献
2.
锌和硒对动物免疫功能的影响 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
文章概述生命必需微量元素锌和硒对动物免疫器官的结构、生长发育和免疫细胞与免疫因子的影响 ;对体液免疫、细胞免疫和黏膜免疫功能的影响以及作用的机制 ;指出当锌和硒不足或过高时对免疫系统的不良作用。同时 ,分析了两种微量元素间的相互协同与拮抗作用 ,以及二者间交互作用对动物免疫功能的影响。从微量元素间的交互作用的动态角度进一步探讨动物营养与免疫功能的关系 ,是营养免疫学研究的新增长点 ,也是揭示营养代谢疾病发病机理的一个新的突破点 ;并将为进一步丰富动物营养免疫学理论 ,制定合理的利用微量元素新标准 ,为控制营养代谢疾病的发生等提供重要的依据 相似文献
3.
营养与疾病之间存在着密切的关系,动物的营养状况影响着机体的免疫功能和对疾病的抵抗力,机体的健康状况又影响着动物的营养需要。营养免疫学的诞生与发展为解决动物生产中的疾病提供了新的思路。国内外关于猪的营养与免疫的研究热点主要有营养素对猪免疫机能的影响以及免疫状况对猪营养代谢和营养需要量的影响。对猪免疫功能有重要影响的营养主要有蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、维生素和微量元素等。 相似文献
4.
5.
维生素E和维生素C在营养免疫中的作用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
营养免疫学是营养学和免疫学的交叉和边缘学科,在临床和预防方面具有重要意义。其研究对象是免疫系统,主要目的是研究营养物质对机体免疫系统的生长、发育和对免疫功能的影响及其机理,研究营养物质的转移、吸收、利用和代谢的相互关系,包括应用免疫技术对营养进行调控等问题。营养免疫学是一门新兴学科,在动物营养研究领域取得了巨大成就。近年来又诞生出免疫增强剂这种新型饲料添加剂,它是由多种活性物质经独特的加工工艺制得。免疫增强剂又可分 相似文献
6.
蛋白质、氨基酸营养与动物机体免疫机能 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
许多研究都已证实营养对机体免疫机能有着重要的影响 ,营养学与免疫学的交叉学科营养免疫学随着研究的不断深入而不断充实。因营养不良而导致免疫功能和机能障碍的营养性获得免疫缺乏综合症 (Nutritionallyacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromes:NAIDS)已引起人们的普遍重视 ,对于人和动物必需的重要的营养素蛋白质和氨基酸与动物机体免疫机能的关系逐渐成为研究的重点。1蛋白质与动物机体免疫反应1.1蛋白质缺乏影响动物的免疫反应一些试验证实 ,日粮蛋白质缺乏影响动物的免疫反应。… 相似文献
7.
动物营养与免疫的关系研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
越来越多的研究表明免疫与营养有密不可分的关系 ,动物能抵御某些疾病的侵袭并使免疫机能充分发挥 ,要求有良好的营养条件。因营养不良而导致免疫功能障碍的营养性免疫缺乏综合症已引起人们的普遍重视。大多数营养因子的缺乏都会影响免疫反应 ,增加对传染病的易感性。1 免疫系统与免疫应答免疫是机体的一种特异性生理反应 ,通过识别和排除抗原性异物维持机体内外环境的稳定。动物机体的免疫功能是在淋巴细胞、单核巨嗜细胞和其他有关细胞及产物的相互作用下完成的 ,这些具有免疫作用的细胞及产物以及与其相关的组织和器官 ,构成了机体的免… 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
20.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献