草莓微繁殖苗光合特性研究

以草莓品种全明星和丰香的微繁殖一代苗和二代苗为材料,在日光温室中系统地比较了草莓微繁殖苗和普通苗在光合特性和光合色素质量分数的差异。结果表明,2种性质的微繁殖苗的净光合速率和气孔导度都显著高于普通苗;微繁殖苗的光饱和点和补偿点低于普通苗,其中全明星的一代苗与普通苗差异显著,而丰香的一代苗和二代苗与普通苗差异均显著。在表观量子效率上,微繁殖苗显著高于普通苗。微繁殖苗的叶绿素b质量分数显著高于普通苗;微繁殖苗光合速率的日变化规律与普通苗相似。     

草莓叶柄再生不定芽的研究

以吐德拉、全明星、丰香、哈尼等4个草莓品种的组培苗为试验材料,诱导其叶柄再生不定芽。研究结果表明,在供试草莓品种中,吐德拉、全明星的叶柄再生率明显高于丰香和哈尼,叶柄基部再生率明显高于中上部,适宜叶柄再生的培养基为MS＋TDZ 1.0~1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L。     

携带斑驳病毒和微繁殖对草莓生长的影响

比较了草莓主栽品种丰香携带斑驳病毒(SMoV)、脱毒微繁殖苗及携带斑驳病毒匍匐茎苗的田间生长情况和抽生匍匐茎能力。在整个生长期,丰香草莓的株高和冠径都表现为:携带斑驳病毒匍匐茎苗>脱毒微繁殖苗>携带斑驳病毒微繁殖苗。草莓苗平均单株抽生匍匐茎的数量,2种微繁殖苗是匍匐茎苗的2～3倍,而微繁殖苗之间没有明显差异。结果表明,感染斑驳病毒导致草莓植株生长势明显下降。与常规的分株繁殖方法相比,采用微繁殖方法繁育的草莓苗,生长势较弱,但匍匐茎抽生能力明显增强。     

李中极品—美国蛇李

红香 (暂定名 )是我中心经多年对数十个国内外草莓优良品种进行栽培观察 ,选育出的抗重茬优良单株 ,其突出特点如下。1　抗重茬能力强　 2 0 0 2年在本中心的温室中 (前茬草莓 )进行品种间抗性试验 ,供试品种有吐德拉、达赛莱克特、全明星、丰香、鬼怒甘、北农 1 9-3 2、星都 1号、红香 8个品种。每品种设 2个试验小区 ,以溴甲烷土壤消毒后栽培为对照 ,在同一个温室条件下进行观察试验。结果表明 ,红香的花期与丰香一致 ,果实成熟期晚丰香约 5d(天 ) ,各品种的产量与对照比较 ,红香产量为对照的 98% ,丰香为 65 % ,鬼怒甘为 74% ,吐德拉为 6…     

草莓新品种--红香

1　抗重茬能力强　于 2 0 0 2年在温室中进行品种间抗性实验。供实验品种有吐德拉、达寒莱克特、全明星、丰香、鬼怒甘、北农 19— 32、星都 1号、红香等 8个品种 ,每个品种设 2个小区 ,随机排列与溴甲烷土壤消毒后栽培草莓为对照。在同一温室相同条件下进行观察试验结果 ,红香的花期与丰香一致 ,果实成熟期晚丰香约 5d(天 ) ,果实采收后与对照比较 ,红香产量的占 98% ,丰香约占 6 5 % ,鬼怒甘占 74 % ,吐德拉占6 3% ,全明星占 16 % ,北农 19— 32占 15 % ,星都 1号占2 0 %。因此 ,8个品种中红香抗重茬性状显著。2　高抗白粉病　在试验过程…     

草莓微繁殖苗及其后代性状表观遗传变异研究

为揭示微繁殖导致表观遗传变异的表现特点,以草莓品种佐贺清香和全明星为试材,研究了微繁殖导致草莓表观遗传变异的生物学性状表现和生理生化变化。草莓微繁殖原种苗和一代苗繁殖匍匐茎子苗的能力明显高于普通苗,其中佐贺清香微繁殖原种苗繁苗能力比普通苗高1倍以上。微繁殖苗后代与普通苗在物候期上没有明显差异,同样在叶片形态和发育上也没有明显差异。在果实成熟期,微繁殖苗后代的生长势强旺,佐贺清香二代苗和全明星二代苗分别比普通苗增产49.8%和9.7%;微繁殖苗后代叶片中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、几丁质酶活性和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性明显低于普通苗,这意味着微繁殖可能导致草莓的抗病性降低。     

草莓生产中存在问题及改进建议

我国草莓栽培面积大的省份主要集中在北方,以河北、辽宁、山东居多,栽培形式多样,有日光温室栽培、拱棚栽培、露地栽培,果实成熟期从每年的12月份至翌年的6月份,品种主要有红颜、丰香、达赛莱克特、甜查理、全明星、卡     

竹结构大棚草莓栽培要点

大棚草莓栽培是利用大棚的冬季保温条件防止草莓植株进入休眠 ,使其能够正常生长发育 ,提前开花结果 ,提前上市的栽培方式 ,采用这种方法能够使草莓当年 1 1～1 2月即可挂果 ,一直延长到第二年 6月初 ,采收期可达 7个月。由于其成熟极早 ,且不断有鲜果上市 ,产量和价格均高于露地栽培草莓 ,扣除所有成本 ,仍有极高的经济效益。下面介绍大棚草莓的栽培要点。1　品种选择1丰香 :从日本引进品种 ,早熟 ,植株生长健壮、高产 ,易繁殖 ,果实富有香气 ,休眠期短 ,最适合大棚栽培。2章姬 :日本引进品种 ,结果比丰香略晚 ,生长旺盛 ,果实比丰香更香甜…     

适合保护地栽培的草莓品种

目前世界上约有2 000多个草莓品种,我国有300多个,生产上常用的有20多个。适合设施栽培的草莓品种以其对低温需要量的多少即休眠深浅而定。总的来说,休眠越浅越适合促成栽培。适合促成栽培的优良草莓品种有美思、丰香、新星2号、吐德拉、早烁等。适合半促成栽培的品种有达斯莱克特、巨丰、优特来、     

大棚草莓品种引种对比试验

2006年9月，笔者引进章姬、甜查理、达赛莱克特、吐德拉、红颊和法兰地等6个草莓品种，以当地主栽品种丰香为对照，在南京傅家边进行大棚栽培试验，10月28日扣棚，花期放蜂。通过观察比较认为，法兰地、红颊和甜查理等适应本地区立地环境，丰产性好，株型直立，果形端正，色泽艳丽，肉质风味佳，口感好，耐贮藏，可适当发展。若与当地主栽品种丰香轮换种植，可以改善大棚草莓品种构成。     

草莓主栽品种再生和转化的研究

 建立草莓主栽品种高效、稳定的离体再生体系和遗传转化体系, 获得了转基因植株。‘弗吉尼亚’和‘森嘎拉’的叶片离体再生芽频率达到100 %。试管苗叶片与农杆菌菌株EHA105 共培养3 d。共培养后的叶片在附加卡那霉素40 mg/L 的再生培养基上选择培养4周后, 外植体再生出转化芽, 弗吉尼亚的转化芽再生频率可达6. 8 %。采用组织化学染色法对随机选取的10 个GUS 基因转化植株进行基因表达测定, 结果5 个植株强烈表达GUS 活性。转bar 基因植株在附加除草剂草丁膦10 mg/L 的培养基上能够正常分化, 在田间对草丁膦表现出强烈抗性。转基因植株开花、结果正常。     

草莓抗白粉病的离体鉴定及农药的筛选

 将草莓白粉菌孢子抖落或喷雾接种在直径1 cm草莓叶盘上，放到铺有湿滤纸的培养皿中密封后在2ooc、光照3000 lx(16 h／d)的条件下培养7 d后进行鉴定。‘丰香’、‘章姬’、‘全明星’等草莓品种的离体鉴定结果与这些品种田问对白粉病抗性表现一致。离体筛选杀菌剂的结果表明，氟硅唑和腈菌唑防治草莓白粉病的效果较好。     

Soilless systems as an alternative to wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) traditional open-field cultivation in marginal lands of the Tuscan Apennines to enhance crop yield and producers’ income

Yield and quality of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) cultivars ‘Regina delle Valli’ and ‘Alpine’ cultivated in soil, as the traditional production system, and in soilless (both in open air and protected environments), as an innovative and sustainable production system, were investigated in a marginal and inner area of the Pistoiese Apennine Mountains during two production seasons. An earlier marketable production was obtained in soilless culture, but total marketable yield was higher from plants grown in a traditional open-field environment. Fruits obtained from the protected soilless system were larger, but developed some mildew, had some visual defects, and revealed a reduced skin chroma index, flesh firmness, and total soluble solids content compared to fruits harvested from plants grown under direct sunlight, while no significant differences were observed in total titratable acidity and pH between growing systems. ‘Alpine’ was more suited to soilless protected cultivation, with a much higher yield compared to ‘Regina delle Valli’. Physicochemical properties of berries were not affected by the cultivar, but fruit quality changed with plant age and seasonal crop cycle. ‘Alpine’ fruits gained a greater sensorial preference, both in traditional soil and soilless culture.     

A possible influence of pedicel dimensions on fruit size and yield in strawberry

During the investigation of factors affecting fruit size in strawberry, the physical characteristics of the fruiting structure were examined as a possible cause of size limitation in fruit. The greatest total weight of fruit which can be sustained at any one time on an inflorescence appeared to be related to the dimensions of the main peduncle. At this limit the fruit yield may be no more than half the potential fruit yield of the inflorescence, indicating that unless ripe berries are removed development of immature berries may be restricted or stopped.This implies that under conventional management high yields will require frequent picking to achieve full potential. Once-over cropping, as in mechanical harvesting, may entail accepting yields one half or less of those now being obtained by conventional hand picking.It is suggested that if evaporative losses from ripe berries can be reduced, as by cloching, tunnelling, windbreaks, or plant breeding for less permeable cell walls, increased yields might be expected.     

Gibberellic acid influences the production of malformed and button berries,and fruit yield and quality in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Experiments were conducted to observe the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and various disorders in ‘Chandler’ strawberry. GA₃ (75 ppm) was applied to the strawberry plants either during mid-November (at fruit bud differentiation stage), or mid-February (pre-flowering stage) or at both times. Fruit under control were sprayed with tap water only. Observations were recorded on vegetative attributes like crown height, crown spread, petiole length, leaf number, leaf area; flowering and fruit set, fruit size; production of albino, malformed and button berries, total yield and marketable fruit yield and quality parameters, like juice content, TSS, ascorbic acid contents, acidity etc. Results indicated that GA₃ (75 ppm) spray either during mid-November or mid-February or at both times has favourably influenced all vegetative attributes of ‘Chandler’ strawberry over control. Similarly, fruit set was increased, and production of malformed and button berries was reduced, but albinism remained unaffected. Although individual berry weight was reduced slightly, but fruit number, total as well as marketable yield was increased tremendously over control with no adverse effect on fruit quality parameters. In all, spraying GA₃ both during mid-November and mid-February was much more effective in achieving the desirable results than single application of GA₃ either during mid-November or mid-February.     

草莓品种对炭疽病抗性的鉴定技术研究

从沈阳农业大学草莓试验园的发病草莓植株上分离获得胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.],以6个草莓主栽品种为试材,进行品种抗病性鉴定技术研究。结果表明,点滴接种、菌片接种和喷雾接种3种方法均能使供试草莓植株感染炭疽病,其中以喷雾接种法发病率和病情指数最高。据此建立了草莓对炭疽病抗性鉴定技术体系:以菌悬液在植株6叶期喷雾接种,接种适宜孢子量1.0×105个/mL,保湿时间48h,接种后5d调查叶片病情和接种后7d调查叶柄及匍匐茎病情。草莓品种抗性鉴定结果表明,红颜属感病品种,丰香表现中感,哈尼、新明星表现中抗,而玛利亚和吐德拉抗性较强,此结果与其生产上的表现基本一致。     

日光温室草莓立体栽培研究

在普通日光温室中,采用"A"型双层立架和柱槽组合2种栽培形式进行草莓立体栽培,对不同栽培形式的地温、光照、植株生长情况、果实品质和产量进行了研究。结果表明:立体栽培使基质温度、光照强度降低,对植株营养生长、果实品质的影响较小,虽然单株产量略有下降,但单位面积定植株数增加,使单位面积产量高于对照,其中柱槽组合增产效果明显,成本较低,适合在生产中推广利用,可做进一步研究。     

Production of high yielding red raspberry long canes in a Northern climate

Techniques for the production of raspberry long canes with high yield potential were studied on a research station and in two commercial nurseries in South Norway. Potted ‘Glen Ample’ plants were grown in the open and in polyethylene greenhouses during two seasons in order to optimize cultural practices. Dates of propagation and transfer to the production sites were varied. Following cold storage from December to early June, the canes were tipped (cut) at 160 cm height and grown in open plastic tunnels in the fruiting season for the evaluation of growth and yield performance. Remarkable berry yields of 1.5–3.8 kg per plant (cane) were regularly achieved. When grown in the open, later starts than June 1 (June 15 and July 1) successively reduced yields. On the other hand, an earlier start involves risks of growth cessation due to low spring temperature. When grown in greenhouses, high yields were still possible when plants were transferred from propagation conditions as late as July 1, although optimal yields of nearly 4 kg per plant were obtained with transfer on June 15. In a year with unusually high summer temperatures, the yields of canes produced in the open and in greenhouses did not vary significantly, whereas in the second year with normal summer temperatures, canes produced in greenhouses consistently out-yielded those produced in the open by about 1 kg per cane. Regression analyses revealed that high yields were associated with fruiting cane architecture traits such as cane height, number and length of laterals, and a low proportion of dormant buds. The single most important component was lateral length which alone accounted for 82% of the yield variation. Since lateral lengths increased from the shoot tip towards the base, cane heights in excess of 2 m are required for the attainment of top yields as the uppermost nodes with short and low-yielding laterals then can be eliminated by tipping.     

单株留果数量对厚皮甜瓜果实发育、品质及产量的影响

为了探讨单株留果数量对厚皮甜瓜果实发育、品质及产量的影响,选用了不同类型的厚皮甜瓜品种进行了单株留果数量研究。结果表明:小果型品种众天翠玉、中甜1号和中果型品种一品红2号以单株留2个果产量、效益较好;中果型品种新世纪、海蜜2号和海蜜5号以单株留1个果的产量、效益较好。