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1.
为科学评价除草剂三唑酰草胺在土壤环境中的生态风险,采用室内模拟方法,研究了三唑酰草胺在吉林黑土、江西红土和安徽水稻土中的降解特性。结果表明:三唑酰草胺在土壤中的降解符合一级动力学方程。好氧条件下三唑酰草胺在3种土壤中的降解半衰期分别为86.5、106和91.4 d;厌氧条件下半衰期分别为106、130和127 d;水稻田厌氧条件下半衰期分别为162、219和188 d。研究表明,三唑酰草胺在水稻田厌氧条件下的降解速率明显慢于其他2种试验条件下。 相似文献
2.
Philip Eberbach 《Pest management science》1998,52(3):229-240
The decomposition behaviour of glyphosate in four Victorian soils was investigated at two temperatures using non-steady-state compartmental analysis. At 25°C, glyphosate degradation was shown numerically to be derived from two different sources where the rate of release from each source behaved in accordance with first-order kinetics. Over the first 40 day period for each of the soils, glyphosate was derived simultaneously from the labile and non-labile phase, whilst after the first 40 days, glyphosate was derived solely from the non-labile phase. At this temperature, the amount of glyphosate partitioned into the labile phase ranged from 24·1 to 34·5%, whilst the amount partitioned into the sorbed, non-labile phase ranged from 67·2 to 74·9%. The half-lives for glyphosate within each phase was calculated and ranged from six to nine days for the labile phase to 222–835 days for the non-labile phase. Glyphosate appeared to be more strongly held in the acidic Rutherglen soil than in the alkaline soils studied, and this was thought to be related to the substantially lower pH and higher Fe content of the acidic soil. At 10°C, glyphosate was shown numerically to be derived from two different sources for two of the soils. However, for the two remaining soils, glyphosate appeared to be derived either from a single phase or from two phases at either the same rate or at differential rates where the rate of release from one phase was sufficiently fast to mask the rate of release from the other. At this temperature, more glyphosate was partitioned into the non-labile phase of the Walpeup and Rutherglen soils than at 25°C. However, the rate of release of glyphosate from this phase increased for the Walpeup soil relative to that at 25°C, but decreased substantially for the Rutherglen soil. This suggests that different mechanisms for the binding of glyphosate into the non-labile phase may exist between soils. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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宁永富;王东昊;王楠;刘雪科;王鹏;周志强;刘东晖 《农药学学报》2025,27(3):365-389
在国家耕作制度转型与作物轮作体系重构的战略背景下,长残效除草剂的土壤持久性残留及其对后续种植系统的潜在风险已成为制约现代农业可持续发展的关键科学问题。本文聚焦于长残效除草剂在土壤中的残留行为及对后茬作物的药害风险,整合了近30年来国内外权威数据库的相关文献报道及最新研究成果,梳理了典型长残效除草剂在土壤中的残留行为及其关键影响因素,基于文献结果,通过相关性分析,明确了土壤温度、pH值、有机质含量等关键环境因子对长残效除草剂降解半衰期的影响规律,系统梳理了不同类别长残效除草剂对后茬作物的药害风险及作用机制的研究进展,旨在为长残效除草剂的科学合理使用、药害风险的系统评估与精准防控提供参考,助力现代农业的可持续发展。 相似文献