硒与蛋氨酸互作关系研究进展

本文分别从硒的生物学功能和体内代谢、蛋氨酸的生物学功能和体内代谢、硒与蛋氨酸互作关系的生化基础、硒与蛋氨酸的互作关系以及硒与蛋氨酸互作对动物的影响等五个方面综述,为今后进一步研究硒和蛋氨酸的互作效应及在畜牧生产中科学应用硒和蛋氨酸提供参考。     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物在反刍动物中的应用

蛋氨酸羟基类似物是反刍动物中一种重要的过瘤胃蛋氨酸源。文章综述蛋氨酸羟基类似物的化学结构、理化性质及在反刍动物体内的吸收、转化和应用效果。     

过瘤胃蛋氮酸及其有效性的研究进展

日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸是增加奶牛小肠可代谢蛋氨酸最直接有效的方法.本文主要就过瘤胃蛋氨酸的类型及保护原理、过瘤胃效果的检测方法及其蛋氨酸有效性的比较进行了综述.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物相对生物学效价影响因素的研究进展

本文从蛋氨酸及其羟基类似物的水解、吸收、转化、日粮中(半)胱氨酸和蛋氨酸比例及统计方法这5个方面对蛋氨酸羟基类似物相对于蛋氨酸的生物学效价的影响进行了简析并对未来的研究方向提出了建议.     

自制3种微胶囊蛋氨酸溶失率的比较研究

将添加不同微胶囊蛋氨酸的饲料投入海水中后,分别于10、20、30、60及90min测定饲料蛋氨酸的溶失率和海水pH值的变化,以晶体蛋氨酸为对照组。试验配制5组饲料,蛋氨酸的添加形式分别为:晶体蛋氨酸(MET)、羟基蛋氨酸(MHA)、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素微胶囊蛋氨酸(CAP)、树脂微胶囊蛋氨酸(RES)和棕榈酸甘油酯微胶囊蛋氨酸(TPA)。结果表明,饲料中蛋氨酸的溶失率随着浸泡时间的延长呈上升趋势,RES的溶失率显著低于MET的溶失率,海水pH值随着浸泡时间的增加呈下降趋势,CAP和RES组下降缓慢,蛋氨酸溶失率对海水pH值的影响呈负相关。上述研究表明,以树脂为包被壁材,可降低蛋氨酸的溶失率。     

瘤胃补充保护蛋氨酸和十二指肠灌注蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

以泌乳中后期奶牛为试验对象，研究了瘤胃补充保护蛋氨酸及十二指肠灌注蛋氨酸对生产性能、乳成分及氮代谢的影响，结果表明：瘤胃补充保护蛋氨酸及十二指肠灌注蛋氨酸能显著增加血浆尿素氮、血浆甘油三酯、奶中尿素氮浓度（P〈0．05），对产奶量、乳成分、瘤胃液氨氮、血浆葡萄糖无显著影响（P〉0．05）。     

水貂不同赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平颗粒饲料对营养物质消化代谢的影响

为确定水貂适宜氨基酸组成、降低饲料成本,试验选取成年健康公母水貂各60只,随机分成6组,采用2×3因子试验设计,即赖氨酸2个水平,分别为1.85%和1.7%,蛋氨酸3个水平分别为0.81%、0.99%和1.24%,对采食正常试验组水貂进行了消化代谢试验。结果表明:①日粮赖氨酸水平的变化对公母貂干物质摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平的变化对母貂干物质摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),公貂粪干物质排出量蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组显著低于蛋氨酸水平为1.24%组(P<0.05),公貂干物质消化率蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组极显著地高于蛋氨酸水平为0.81%组和1.24%组(P<0.01)。②日粮赖氨酸水平的变化对公母貂有机物摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平的变化对公母貂有机物摄入、排出及母貂消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),公貂蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组有机物消化率显著高于蛋氨酸水平为0.81%组(P<0.05),与蛋氨酸水平为1.24%组差异不显著(P>0.05)。③公母貂蛋白质消化代谢受赖氨酸水平变化的影响不显著(P>0.05);公母貂蛋白质摄入及粪蛋白的排出受蛋氨酸水平变化影响不显著(P>0.05),蛋氨酸为1.24%时公貂尿蛋白排出显著高于0.99%水平组(P<0.05),与0.81%水平组尿蛋白排出差异不显著(P>0.05);公貂蛋白存留0.99%水平组极显著高于1.24%水平组(P<0.01);公貂蛋白质消化率0.99%水平组显著高于1.24%水平组(P<0.05),与0.81%水平组差异不显著(P>0.05);母貂蛋氨酸水平变化对各消化代谢率指标影响不显著(P>0.05)。④1.85%赖氨酸水平组公貂赖氨酸摄入、尿排出及消化代谢率均显著高于1.7%赖氨酸水平组(P<0.05),母貂间差异不显著(P>0.05),赖氨酸水平对公母貂蛋氨酸摄入、粪尿排出及消化代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平对公母貂赖氨酸摄入、粪尿排出无显著影响(P>0.05),蛋氨酸0.99%水平公貂赖氨酸消化代谢率均极显著高于蛋氨酸1.24%水平和0.81%水平公貂(P<0.01),蛋氨酸水平对母貂间赖氨酸消化代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平对公母貂蛋氨酸摄入、粪尿排出及消化代谢率均有显著影响(P<0.05),随着蛋氨酸水平的降低,蛋氨酸的摄入逐渐降低,而尿排出蛋氨酸1.24%组显著高于0.99%和0.81%水平组(P<0.05);蛋氨酸0.99%和1.24%水平组公母貂蛋氨酸的消化代谢率均极显著高于0.81%水平组(P<0.01),蛋氨酸0.99%和1.24%水平组公母貂蛋氨酸的消化代谢率无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

“京粉6号”商品蛋鸡产蛋期适宜蛋白、蛋氨酸水平的研究

为研究“京粉6号”商品蛋鸡产蛋期日粮适宜的粗蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平,试验选取31周龄“京粉6号”商品蛋鸡1200只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复48只鸡。处理I组蛋白15.5%、蛋氨酸0.37%|处理II组蛋白15%、蛋氨酸0.37%|处理Ⅲ组蛋白14.5%、蛋氨酸0.37%|处理IV组蛋白15.5%、蛋氨酸0.33%|处理V组蛋白15.5%、蛋氨酸0.30%。试验前收集2周基础数据,正式试验期为33 ~ 72周龄。结果表明：日粮粗蛋白质及蛋氨酸水平对产蛋期体重、产蛋率、破蛋率及料蛋比无显著影响（P > 0.05）|平均蛋重随日粮蛋白及蛋氨酸水平的降低而降低,且能显著降低45 ~ 72周龄平均蛋重（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,对蛋重具有显著调控作用。综合“京粉6号”平均55 g蛋重的特色需求,日粮粗蛋白质水平为15%、蛋氨酸为0.33%可获得最佳生产性能及经济效益。 [关键词] 京粉6号|产蛋期|粗蛋白质|蛋氨酸     

保护性蛋氨酸在奶牛中的应用

蛋氨酸是奶牛氨基酸营养的重要成分,直接添加易被瘤胃微生物降解,影响机体吸收利用。保护性蛋氨酸能够避免在瘤胃内降解,满足奶牛蛋氨酸需要,提高生产性能。作者从代谢吸收、营养功能、影响保护性蛋氨酸利用的因素及生产应用方面进行了阐述。     

蛋氨酸的鉴别及含量测定方法

蛋氨酸作为限制性氨基酸,对提高猪、禽的各种生产性能起着非常重要的作用。由于其价格高又必不可少,故市场上出现了假冒蛋氨酸,给饲料企业和饲养户造成了很大的经济损失。所以,判别蛋氨酸质量的优劣显得尤为重要。现介绍几种简单的识别方法及含量测定方法。1蛋氨酸的鉴别1.1外观鉴别蛋氨酸为白色结晶体,呈半透明细颗状,有光泽。而假蛋氨酸多呈粉末状,在正常光线下,没有反射光或只有零星反射光发出。1.2手感鉴别蛋氨酸手感滑腻,无粗糙感觉;而假蛋氨酸一般手感粗糙、不滑腻。1.3气味鉴别蛋氨酸具有较浓的特殊腥臭气味,而假蛋氨酸味较淡或有其…     

甜菜碱对畜禽繁殖性能的影响及其作用机理

甜菜碱及其盐酸盐,是一种营养性饲料添加剂,作为甲基供体参与体内蛋氨酸循环.近期研究发现,甜菜碱主要通过降低同型半胱氨酸浓度、增加繁殖相关激素含量等途径提高畜禽的繁殖性能,也具有调控能量代谢、抗应激的作用.作者就甜菜碱对畜禽繁殖性能的影响及其作用机理进行简要综述.     

核苷酸饲料添加剂的使用效果及作用机理探讨

核苷酸已逐渐被看做是一种条件营养素。对于处于快速生长期的肉仔鸡、肉鸭、断奶仔猪等幼龄动物,应该保证饲料中含有足够的核苷酸。本文分别从饲料业重点关注的提高日增重,缩短饲养周期;增强消化功能,降低饲料能量蛋白需求;减少腹脂沉积,提高屠体价值;提高健康程度,降低死淘率;以及增强甜菜碱对蛋氨酸的替代作用等五项生产性能指标出发,初步综述和探讨了补充外源核苷酸的使用效果和对应的作用机理。旨在对增强饲料科学研究人员和从业者对核苷酸添加剂的认识,起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

Activity and requirement of selected amino acids in growing female pigs. 4. Combination of protein sources with lysine, methionine/cystine and threonine limitation

On the basis of the results of 3 previous articles on the efficiency of amino acids in single protein sources a total of 16 protein sources was tested maintaining the limitation relations of the combination partners with regard to the additivity of the efficiencies of lysine, methionine/cystine and threonine. The results of the N metabolism measurements with a total of 60 female pigs of the country breed type (30...55 kg live weight) allow the conclusion that additive relations and thus suitable correction possibilities exist for the gross amino acid content through the amino acid efficiency for the calculation of requirement and requirement meeting. The N utilization model used (GEBHARDT 1963) is in its further development confirmed as the basis of amino acid efficiency.     

Determination of metabolism-oriented methionine requirements using 35 S methionine]

Experimental rats (weighing 50-100 gm) received semisynthetic diets containing 8%, 10%, or 12% of crude protein (Soya protein). These were supplemented with graded amounts of L- or DL methionine. After a 5-day feeding period the rats were injected 35S methionine. Subsequently, the levels of urinary 35S excretion were determined over a period of 4 days after methionine injection. The level of urinary 35S excretion was found to be clearly increased if methionine supplementation exceeded the methionine requirements of the animals. Supplementation with 0.15% methionine was just enough for diets containing 8-10% crude protein. 0.2% methionine had to be supplemented to meet the methionine requirements of the animals if the diet contained 12% crude protein. Requirements for the content of sulfur-containing amino acids in the protein were shown to be independent of the protein content of the diet, and were found to vary between 4.4% and 4.7% of the crude protein. The needs for methionine supplementation were independent of the fact whether L methionine or DL methionine was added. It is definite advantage of the present method that methionine demands are determined in close correlation with metabolic processes, including the maintenance metabolism.     

蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清游离氨基酸含量和肝脏蛋氨酸代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清游离氨基酸含量和肝脏蛋氨酸代谢相关酶基因表达的影响。选取180只62周龄的海兰灰蛋鸡,根据产蛋率均匀分成3组(每组6个重复,每个重复10只):对照组饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.33%的饲粮,蛋氨酸缺乏组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.21%和0.27%的饲粮,试验期90d。结果表明:1)饲粮蛋氨酸缺乏显著降低了蛋鸡的平均日采食量、产蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均蛋重和不合格蛋率(P0.05),显著提高了料蛋比(P0.05)。2)蛋氨酸缺乏显著降低蛋鸡血清中蛋氨酸的含量(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡血清中丝氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸的含量显著高于其他2组(P0.05)。0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡血清中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和精氨酸的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),脯氨酸的含量显著低于0.21%蛋氨酸组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中DNA甲基转移酶1、N6-甲基腺苷(m6 A)甲基转移酶3(METTL3)和m6 A甲基转移酶14的表达量显著提高(P0.05),0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中METTL3的表达量显著提高(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中甲硫氨酸腺苷转移酶1a、5-甲基四氢叶酸-同型半胱氨酸甲基转移酶(MTR)和胱硫醚-β-合成酶的表达量显著提高(P0.05),0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中MTR的表达量显著提高(P0.05)。蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡肝脏甲硫氨酸腺苷高半胱氨酸酶和甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶的表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。由以上结果可知:蛋鸡饲粮高水平的蛋氨酸缺乏会降低蛋鸡的生产性能,可能与蛋氨酸缺乏改变蛋氨酸代谢途径,影响DNA和RNA的甲基化过程有关。     

Lipid coating as a mode of protecting free methionine from ruminal degradation

A method of protecting free methionine from partial ruminal degradation utilizing a lipid-protein matrix was developed. Eight wether lambs were fitted with abomasal cannulae and utilized in a 4 X 4 Latin square design experiment to determine the effectiveness of the protection matrix. The squares were blocked by animal and time, with each animal receiving each of the four diets. The diets were: (1) a negative control tall fescue and corn-based diet containing no added methionine; (2) a positive control diet that contained 3 g of methionine with ground corn, zein, coconut oil and methionine each added individually; (3) the control diet 1 supplemented with a methionine, ground corn, zein and coconut oil matrix that provided 3 g methionine/d; and (4) the control diet 1 containing the methionine matrix to provide 6 g methionine/d. Digestibility and balance data were obtained by collecting feces and urine over a 7-d period, followed by a day of blood sampling at 2, 4 and 6 h postfeeding. Abomasal samples were then subsequently collected over 3 d on a time schedule that represented every 2 h. Feeding protected methionine decreased (P less than .08) urinary N by .69 g/d and increased (P less than .08) N retention by 1.07 g/d. Plasma urea N was decreased (P less than .003) by 2.06 mg/100 ml and plasma free methionine increased (P less than .001) by 1.94 mumol/100 ml in lambs fed the protected methionine matrix. These data indicate that coating free methionine with the preparation described herein was partially effective in delivering methionine to the absorptive sites and subsequently to the tissues of the ruminant animal.     

罗曼鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要的研究

试验选用30周龄罗曼公、母鸡72只,分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1只试鸡,单笼饲养,分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为理想需要量的36%、50%、65%、75%、85%和100%的半纯合梯度日粮,建立蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量对蛋氨酸食入量间的回归方程,来确定30周龄罗曼公母鸡的可利用蛋氨酸维持需要量。结果表明:公鸡蛋白沉积量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。分别以蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量为因变量,所得公鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天39.34mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为266.81mg/kgBPM)和1.93mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为13.11mg/kgBPM)。母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天52.32mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为282.14mg/kgBPM)和7.76mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为41.87mg/kgBPM);由蛋白质沉积量为因变量所得的回归方程外推零蛋白质沉积时的蛋氨酸维持需要量要显著高于以零蛋氨酸沉积所得的维持需要量(P>0.05),母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要高于公鸡的测定结果。     

Alleviation of body weight loss by dietary methionine is independent of insulin‐like growth factor‐I in protein‐starved young chickens

It is well known that in protein‐starved chickens, small amounts of amino acid supplement, especially methionine, reduces nitrogen excretion and thereby improves nitrogen balance. On the other hand, excess intake of methionine causes growth depression and the growth‐depressive effect of excess methionine can be alleviated by consumption of dietary glycine. Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is one of various growth‐promoting factors relating to the efficiency of animal production and is known to be very sensitive to changes in nutritional status. In the present study, the interactive effect of glycine on nitrogen sparing effect of methionine in protein‐starved chickens was examined. In addition, the relation of IGF‐I and its specific binding protein to the nitrogen sparing effect of supplemented methionine was also investigated. Two‐days refeeding of methionine supplemented to protein‐free diet could promptly alleviate body weight loss in protein‐starved chickens, and the alleviation of body weight loss by methionine was not improved by glycine supplements. Moreover, such acute alleviation of body weight loss by dietary methionine was independent of the change in plasma IGF‐I concentration.     

二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化1～21日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸需要量

本试验以低胆碱、低蛋氨酸饲粮为基础饲粮,通过两因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计,旨在研究1～21日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸的最佳需要量.试验选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为12个组,其中1～8组为试验组,9～12组为中心组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公母各占1/2.分别以胆碱和蛋氨酸为自变量,以反映肉仔鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的各项指标为因变量拟合回归方程,估计1～21日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸需要量.试验期21d.结果表明:一定水平的胆碱和蛋氨酸可显著改善1～21日龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重、料重比、屠宰率和腹脂率.从响应面图可以看出,当蛋氨酸水平为0.50％～0.70％时,随着胆碱水平的降低,肉仔鸡平均日增重逐渐降低;当蛋氨酸水平为0.42％～0.50％,胆碱水平为1300～1738 mg/kg时,肉仔鸡的料重比达到最低;蛋氨酸水平为0.50％～0.70％时,屠宰率随着蛋氨酸水平的升高而下降,蛋氨酸为0.36％～0.50％时,随着胆碱水平的升高,屠宰率呈上升趋势;随着胆碱水平的升高,腹脂率逐渐降低,当胆碱水平为1300 ～1920 mg/kg时,腹脂率随蛋氨酸水平的降低而下降.在本试验条件下,当胆碱水平为1434～1631mg/kg,蛋氨酸水平为0.47％时,肉仔鸡可达到最佳生长性能;当胆碱水平为1984 mg/kg,蛋氨酸水平为0.49％时,肉仔鸡可达到最佳屠宰性能.