欧洲陆生动物狂犬病防控管理研究进展

狂犬病（Rabies）是一种非常古老的人兽共患病,在欧洲的流行最早可追溯至700多年前。至19世纪末,欧洲科学家在狂犬病的认识上取得突破性的进展,并成功制备了狂犬病疫苗。在20世纪,欧洲通过扑杀流浪犬、动物隔离检疫、疫苗免疫、野生动物种群数量控制和动物狂犬病口服免疫等措施成功控制狂犬病疫情的传播,基本消灭中欧和西欧家养动物和野生动物狂犬病,维持北欧基本无疫情状况,推进东欧和南欧的动物狂犬病防控体系建设。目前已有英国、爱尔兰、瑞典、挪威、冰岛、丹麦、芬兰、荷兰、意大利、卢森堡、比利时、葡萄牙、塞浦路斯、希腊、瑞士、法国、捷克和西班牙18个欧洲国家基本消灭了陆生动物狂犬病。     

浅析狂犬病综合防控措施

狂犬病不但威胁了人和动物健康,造成人畜死亡,而且给国际往来、2008年奥运、旅游开发、农牧业发展、公共卫生等方面带来不良影响,更有损我国的声誉。因此加强现阶段的狂犬病防控工作已可不容缓。本文对如何防控狂犬病工作提出自己的一些见解。     

养犬管理与狂犬病防控措施

狂犬病是一种威胁较为严重的传染性疾病,目前在我国20多个省市发生流行。为更好地控制该种传染性疾病的发生流行,就需加强对养犬的针对性管理,做到针对性免疫接种,提高身体抵抗能力,防范传染性疾病的传播蔓延。该文探讨了养犬管理的工作方法,论述了狂犬病的防控措施,希望能更好的防范该类疾病发生流行。     

浅谈狂犬病的防控措施

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒引起的一种人畜共患的烈性传染病,病死率几乎100%.近年来,因被犬等动物咬伤而感染狂犬病的人数超过千例,死亡人数仅次于艾滋病、结核病,位列我国传染病死亡人数的第三位.了解狂犬病的流行情况及防控措施对狂犬病疫情的监测和控制有着重要意义,本文作以概述.     

宠物狂犬病上升原因及防控措施

随着社会经济的不断发展,城市宠物(猫狗)数量急增,狂犬病潜在威胁日趋严重。狂犬病导致人员死亡已成为我国严重的公共卫生问题之一。我们只有认真落实"管、免、灭"等综合防控措施,才能逐步控制、消灭动物狂犬病,从而保障人民身体健康。     

不同家畜狂犬病的诊断与防控措施

狂犬病俗称"恐水症"、"疯狗病",由狂犬病毒所引起,是一种古老的人畜共患的传染病.狂犬病毒侵害中枢神经系统,典型临床症状为:极度的神经兴奋而致狂暴不安和意识障碍,最后麻痹而死亡.本病世界大多数国家仍有发生,严重地威胁着人类的健康和生命安全,应引起高度的重视.     

狂犬病的防控

狂犬病是最古老的自然疫源性人兽共患病,该病的症状明显且严重,所有温血动物均可感染该病,且病死率极高,是一种世界性疾病,严重地威胁着人类健康和生命安全。对狂犬病的病原、流行病学、临诊症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施作一介绍,以期为有效防控该病提供参考。     

狂犬病及其防控

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒引起的温血动物都易感的人兽共患病,一旦发病死亡率100%,该病在世界范围内广泛流行。防控狂犬病,对动物强制免疫是唯一出路,为做好动物狂犬病的免疫,政府部门应加强合作,同时加强对动物的管理和检测,加强宣传使人们认识到狂犬病的巨大危害,正确选择狂犬病疫苗,另外,加强对野生动物的狂犬病以及野生动物带毒状况的研究,寻找对野生动物更好的免疫方法。     

人畜共患病-狂犬病的防控

犬病俗称疯狗病，又名恐水症，是一种严重的人畜共患传染病，由狂犬病毒引起的犬、猪等多种动物的高度接触性传染病，一旦发病，死亡率几乎为100%。本文对狂犬病在犬、人等的临床症状；处治措施；防控方案等进行了综述，为有效防控宠物狂犬病提供参考。     

狂犬病的防控

狂犬病是最古老的自然疫源性人兽共患病,该病的症状明显且严重,所有温血动物均可感染该病,且病死率极高,是一种世界性疾病,严重地威胁着人类健康和生命安全.对狂犬病的病原、流行病学、临诊症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施作一介绍,以期为有效防控该病提供参考.     

防治狂犬病不能"头痛医头"

如何防治狂犬病?专家学者和政府官员的共识是,防治狂犬病的关键是控制传染源。原因十分简单,狂犬病是由犬(也包括猫等动物)带来的问题,理应针对犬来采取措施。只要政府加大经费投入,通过大规模免疫来控制传染源,再结合其他措施,狂犬病问题就可以迎刃而解。     

A quantitative risk assessment model to evaluate effective border control measures for rabies prevention

Border control is the primary method to prevent rabies emergence. This study developed a quantitative risk model incorporating stochastic processes to evaluate whether border control measures could efficiently prevent rabies introduction through importation of cats and dogs using Taiwan as an example. Both legal importation and illegal smuggling were investigated. The impacts of reduced quarantine and/or waiting period on the risk of rabies introduction were also evaluated. The results showed that Taiwan’s current animal importation policy could effectively prevent rabies introduction through legal importation of cats and dogs. The median risk of a rabid animal to penetrate current border control measures and enter Taiwan was 5.33 × 10⁻⁸ (95th percentile: 3.20 × 10⁻⁷). However, illegal smuggling may pose Taiwan to the great risk of rabies emergence. Reduction of quarantine and/or waiting period would affect the risk differently, depending on the applied assumptions, such as increased vaccination coverage, enforced custom checking, and/or change in number of legal importations. Although the changes in the estimated risk under the assumed alternatives were not substantial except for completely abolishing quarantine, the consequences of rabies introduction may yet be considered to be significant in a rabies-free area. Therefore, a comprehensive benefit-cost analysis needs to be conducted before recommending these alternative measures.     

Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies

Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia.