猪链球菌2型分选酶srtC5基因敲除突变菌株的构建及其特性分析

构建猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis serotypc 2）强毒株ZY458分选酶srtC5基因敲除突变体并分析其特性。首先通过重叠延伸PCR技术扩增AsrtC5片段,该片段携带srtC5编码基因及其上下游部分序列,但是中间缺失212bp序列。随后构建重组自杀载体pSET4s：：△srtC5,并将其电转化导入ZY458菌株,通过同源重组获得△srtC5突变体。通过体外的细胞黏附试验和体内的家兔攻毒试验证明△srtC5突变体比较野毒株,其细胞黏附能力和对家兔的致病性都显著降低。     

猪链球菌2型Ⅲ型溶血素的研究

为了探讨猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,SS2)的Ⅲ型溶血素是否具有溶血活性以及Ⅲ型溶血素在SS2致病过程中的作用,本研究利用同源重组基因敲除法成功构建了SS205ZY的Ⅲ型溶血素(slyrp)基因缺失突变菌株△slyrp及双基因缺失突变菌株△sly/△slyrp,并比较了野生菌株和基因缺失突变菌株的溶血能力以及对小鼠的致病力.结果表明,slyrp基因敲除后可导致SS2裂解红细胞的能力有所下降,而双基因缺失突变菌株△sly/△slyrp的溶血能力完全丧失;slyrp基因敲除后对小鼠的致病力没有影响.结果提示猪链球菌2型Ⅲ型溶血素具有一定的溶血能力,该Ⅲ型溶血素在SS2感染过程中,对溶血素(sly)起协同作用,不是SS2主要的毒力相关基因.     

猪链球菌2型对家兔的试验感染及其病理学观察

利用猪链球菌2型四川分离强毒菌株458#,通过腹腔注射接种日本大耳白家兔,观察其临床症状和病理学变化。结果表明,猪链球菌2型强毒株458#可引起家兔发病或死亡,并能从发病家兔的组织样品中分离到所接种毒株。感染家兔的特征性组织病理学变化表现为典型的弥漫性血管内凝血和微血栓形成。猪链球菌2型感染家兔动物模型的建立,对于评价猪链球菌2型的毒力,探索其发病机制具有重要的意义。     

猪链球菌2型新毒力相关基因lin0523的克隆表达及生物信息学分析

lin0523是新鉴定出的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,SS2)毒力相关基因.利用PCR方法扩增SS2野生强毒菌株ZY458的lin0523基因,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上.经限制性内切酶EcoR Ⅰ、Pst Ⅰ双酶切后,将目的基因与大肠杆菌表达载体pMAL-p2x连接,构建重组表达载体pMAL-p2x::lin0523,并将其转化至宿主菌TB1中.经IPTG诱导后,表达出约为90 000的重组蛋白MBP-lin0523,目的蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在.应用同源性比对、信号肽预测、跨膜区预测及蛋白亚细胞定位等生物信息学方法对目的蛋白进行分析表明,lin0523蛋白与SS2 05ZYH33的限制性核酸内切酶S亚基100%同源,可能含有信号肽并存在于细胞外;这些结果表明lin0523蛋白可能是一种分泌性蛋白.     

potA基因缺失对猪链球菌2型生物学特性及致病性影响的研究

为了探究potA基因对猪链球菌2型(SS2)生物学特性和致病性的影响,本研究利用同源重组系统构建potA基因缺失突变株(△potA),并经PCR和western blot鉴定.采用显微镜观察、生长曲线测定和平板计数等方法比较△potA和野生SC-19菌株的细胞形态和生长速率.结果显示,相比于SC-19菌株,△potA菌...     

猪链球菌2型sortase蛋白缺失株的构建及其毒力分析

为了研究对猪链球菌2型致病力的影响,试验构建srtA基因缺失株,体外观察突变株05ZYH33△srtA的基本生物学性状,并以猪为动物模型检测突变株05ZYH33ΔsrtA的毒力。结果表明:成功构建了srtA基因缺失株,突变株生物学性状无明显改变,毒力相对于亲本株有所下降。说明了srtA基因对菌株的生物学性状无明显影响,可能是猪链球菌2型潜在毒力因子。     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因缺失菌株的构建及生物学特性的研究

溶血素(SLY)在猪链球菌2型(SS2)侵入和裂解细胞的过程中发挥重要作用,被认为是SS2的一种重要的毒力相关因子。为了探讨SLY在2005年中国四川资阳分离强毒株SS205ZY致病过程中的作用,作者利用同源重组基因敲除法成功构建了SS205ZY的sly基因敲除突变菌株(Δsly)。并比较了菌株的溶血能力以及对小鼠的致病力。结果表明sly基因敲除后可导致猪链球菌裂解红细胞的能力显著下降,对小鼠的致病力也有一定程度的减弱,但仍表现较高的致病力。本研究结果提示SLY是猪链球菌裂解细胞的重要毒力相关因子,但造成SS205ZY的高致病性很显然与多种毒力相关因子的协同作用有关。     

大肠杆菌FliC基因敲除后对大肠杆菌生物膜形成的影响

利用无疤痕基因敲除方法,构建大肠杆菌FliC基因敲除突变株。基因重组PCR结果显示:在重组转化体中FliC基因完全被卡那抗性基因和CcdB替代,获得Ⅰ型突变株(△1FliC);同时利用基因突变技术,对FliC基因起始密码子进行点突变,将ATG突变为AAA,再次进行基因重组后获得Ⅱ型FliC基因沉默菌株(△2FliC)。利用96孔微量板法,分别对野毒株、△1FliC和△2FliC进行生物膜表型检测,结果显示:△1FliC和△2FliC生物膜形成能力明显低于野毒株,从而为临床上大肠杆菌病的预防及疫苗的研制提供一定的理论基础。     

抑制性消减杂交技术分析猪链球菌2型毒力相关基因

以猪链球菌2型四川分离强毒株458#为检测子,国际参考无毒菌株1330#为驱动子,用抑制性消减杂交方法寻找其基因组水平的差异.采用3种不同的限制性内切酶分别酶切458#与1330#基因组获得3套酶切片段,经消减杂交后构建猪链球菌2型强毒株458#特异DNA的差异文库,并对差异序列进行比较分析.结果表明,试验获得了3套差异文库共计42个特异性差异片段,所有差异片段均与已发表的猪链球菌2型05ZYH33株全基因组序列高度同源.构建了具有代表性的猪链球菌2型强毒株与国际无毒参考菌株基因组差异DNA文库,差异片段通过Blast比对,部分差异片段与已知功能基因如转座子,耐药基因、1型限制酶修饰系统、表面蛋白和毒力相关蛋白等有同源性,尚有许多差异片段属于未知功能蛋白或假定蛋白,其中可能包括与猪链球菌2型毒力相关的基因,为进一步分析猪链球菌2型可能的毒力相关基因奠定了基础.     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因缺失株构建及其生物学特性分析

猪链球菌溶血素(SLY)是较早确定的猪链球菌毒力因子之一,具有细胞毒性,在猪链球菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。利用同源重组技术成功构建了猪链球菌2型(SS2)sly基因缺失的突变株SS2-Δsly,缺失株的体外溶血活性消失,对小鼠脑血管内皮细胞的细胞毒性显著低于亲本菌株(P<0.01),但不影响猪链球菌2型在巨噬细胞中的存活。该菌株可以用于研究SS2溶血素在感染细胞中的作用机制。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …