不同神经类型犬的训练

依据犬的大脑皮层的兴奋和抑制过程的强度、均衡性和灵活性,及其相互关系来分类,可把犬分为兴奋型、活泼型、安静型和弱型四种神经类型。     

不同神经类型犬的训练

依据犬的大脑皮层的兴奋和抑制过程的强度、均衡性和灵活性,及其相互关系来分类,可把犬分为兴奋型、活泼型、安静型和弱型四种神经类型。     

马里努阿犬与德国牧羊犬在追踪训练中的比较

马里努阿犬是优秀的工作犬种之一，我们从2001年起就开始尝试训练马里努阿犬进行追踪。为了更好地掌握马里努阿犬在追踪训练中的方法及要点，我们对马里努阿犬与德国牧羊犬在追踪训练中的效果进行了对比，对比数据及结果如下：     

训练：让人与犬一起快乐——德国牧羊犬防卫训练的介绍

在中国，饲养一头纯种德国牧羊犬确属不易，如果仅把它作为一般宠物来饲养就远远不够了，要想充分展现德国牧羊犬的魅力和本能，关键在于对犬进行积极、有效训练。千万不能认为这种犬聪明、驯服，表面上不乱咬，不乱抓就可以了。实际上，对德国牧羊犬进行有系统、正规化的训练已经有100多年的历史，人们已经积累了大量的训练经验，如果犬主了解了这方面的知识就会进一步增加饲养这种大型犬的乐趣。     

德国牧羊犬对人体脚部与手部气味进行鉴别的准确性研究

德国牧羊犬气味鉴别以其独特的方式证明案情的事实,在科学技术高度发达的今天仍发挥着其他科学技术所无法替代的作用。在实际案件现场,犯罪嫌疑人的人体气味将持续存在于犯罪现场及其走过的线路和活动的范围内,特别是触碰过的物体,如手握过的门把手,翻墙逃跑时落下的足印。如何利用这少量的痕迹发挥德国牧羊犬气味鉴别作用,为串并案、确定犯罪人数提供帮助,就要考虑到德国牧羊犬对人体不同部位气味鉴别的问题。而在实际案件侦破中,利用人体不同部位气味进行德国牧羊犬鉴别已有成功案例。研究德国牧羊犬对人体脚部气味与手部气味等人体不同部位气味进行鉴别的准确性就显得十分重要。     

三种嗅源嗅认方式在德国牧羊犬鉴别训练中的效果研究

本实验遵循警犬生理结构原理和警犬鉴别训练原理,科学合理地设计了警犬鉴别训练实验内容和指标.用15头鉴别联系较牢固的德国牧羊犬,在同一气味条件下采取三种嗅源嗅认方式(握嘴嗅认嗅源、罐内嗅认嗅源、隐蔽式嗅认嗅源)进行鉴别并对全过程的表现分别记录并统计.通过此实验来研究同一气味条件下不同嗅源嗅认方式对德国牧羊犬鉴别训练效果的影响,以便为警犬鉴别训练补充相关的理论依据,总结不同嗅源嗅认方式的优缺点,为探索更好的鉴别训练方法及嗅源嗅认方式积累相关数据和经验.     

鉴别训练的步骤及要点

在气味鉴别过程中，犬能否达到充分嗅认嗅源，顺利进入形式，进而逐个分化被鉴物，做出明显反应后自动归位这一流畅动作的要求，与训导员的操作是否科学规范息息相关。因此，掌握科学规范的操作要领，运用灵活善变的训练手段培养犬形成稳定的鉴别联系，提高警犬鉴别能力，对每个训导员来说都至关重要。     

训练:让人与犬一起快乐--德国牧羊犬防卫训练的介绍

防卫训练的级别 防卫训练分为三个级别，包括防卫一级、二级和三级。进行防卫一级训练的犬至少要18个月大，参加防卫一级考试的犬先要经过专职裁判人员对犬的性格(气质)进行测试。防卫一级考试主要包括：皮带牵引行走，非皮带牵引行走，行走中坐下，行走中卧下，坐卧等待和撒出自由跑返回。在这些测试中，无论是在平地，还是在设有障碍的训练场，犬必须在听到命令后立即返回，     

不同家禽卵黄对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻的影响

为了探索不同家禽卵黄在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻中的应用效果,分别在精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同家禽(鸽、鸡、鸭、鹅和鹌鹑)和不同浓度(10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)的卵黄,并分别对冷冻前和解冻后的精子活率、顶体完整率和畸形率进行比较分析。结果:在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻稀释液中加入相同浓度的5种不同家禽卵黄,家鸽组冻后活率、顶体完整率和畸形率分别为(52.0±2.1)%、(54.3±3.7)%和(27.7±1.8)%,对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻有最佳的保护效果,其最佳浓度为20%。因此,鸽卵黄可替代鸡卵黄,作为冷冻稀释液的组成成分,用于德国牧羊犬的精液冷冻。     

不同阶段的警犬气味鉴别训练

警犬鉴别,能为刑事案件的串并案件、确定作案人数、侦破案件提供线索和证据,所以鉴别在刑事案件中的作用非常重要。那么,怎样能训练出一头高素质的具备鉴别能力的警犬,使警犬鉴别在刑事案件中发挥作用,是大家一直都在探讨的话题。     

不同颗粒饲料饲喂德国牧羊犬的对比试验

<正>近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高和居住环境的改善,我国各品种犬得到了广泛的饲养,同时也带动了相关产业的发展。犬用饲料作为其中重要的一部分,近几年来发展极为迅速,国外的多个品牌纷纷     

Haemophilia A in German shepherd dogs

Haemophilia A was diagnosed in 14 male German shepherd dogs. Factor VIII: coagulant (FVIII:C) activities ranged from 1.13% of a normal canine plasma pool. von Willebrand's factor antigen values were normal or increased in all 9 of these dogs which were tested. Twelve of these dogs had a common maternal grandsire. Five dogs had exhibited no tendency to bleed (when tested between 2 to 23 months of age). They were tested because of pedigree links with clinically affected animals. Common clinical signs in the latter dogs included: bleeding from the mouth, subcutaneous and intramuscular haematomas and lameness. Since these dogs usually had a mild to moderate deficiency of FVIII:C, they may survive to adulthood without exhibiting clinical signs severe enough to necessitate veterinary attention.     

Degenerative myelopathy in a German shepherd

A 9-year-old male German Shepherd had marked stumbling, staggering and weakness in both rear limbs. Pelvic radiographs revealed only mild hip dysplasia, while survey spinal radiographs and a myelogram revealed only areas of possible pachymeningitis. Results of CSF analysis were normal. Degenerative myelopathy was suspected, but a mitogen response assay failed to confirm this diagnosis. Another mitogen response assay, performed several months later, again failed to indicate degenerative myelopathy as the cause of clinical signs. The dog's condition worsened and the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, classic histopathologic lesions of degenerative myelopathy were noted in the thoracic spinal cord.     

Protothecal colitis in a German shepherd dog

A 3 1/2-year-old intact male German Shepherd Dog was admitted with a history of protracted haemorrhagic diarrhoea and tenesmus. Clinical evaluation revealed thickening of the rectal mucosa and presence of fresh blood and mucus in the faeces. Severe mucosal granularity and multiple nodules, in addition to a rectal stricture 7 to 9 cm from the anus, were found on colonoscopy. Histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens identified organisms with morphologic features compatible with those reported for Prototheca spp. Although surgical excision of the rectal stricture was performed and ketoconazole treatment was instituted postoperatively, the dog's clinical condition deteriorated and euthanasia was performed 4 months later.     

Medullary trichomalacia in 6 German shepherd dogs

Medullary trichomalacia is the name proposed for a hair shaft abnormality that was recognized in 6 German shepherd dogs. Affected dogs had multifocal areas of broken hairs, especially on the dorsolateral trunk. Microscopic examination of hair shafts revealed focal areas of loss of architecture, swelling, and apparent softening of the medulla, followed by longitudinal (length-wise) splitting and breakage of the hair shaft. No cause could be found. Affected dogs were otherwise healthy, and apparent spontaneous recovery was the usual outcome. Relapses may occur.     

Predatory aggression in a German shepherd dog

This article presents a clinical case of predatory aggression that represents a problem for public health. The patient was a 2-year-old male German shepherd referred to the behavior clinic at the School of Veterinary Medicine owing to its aggressive behavior toward people and other dogs. The dog tended to form a pack with the other dogs of the household and killed neighborhood dogs, cats, hens, and rabbits. The presumptive diagnosis was “predatory aggression” associated with “territorial and protective aggression.” The risk analysis determined that the dog should be euthanized. Nevertheless, the owner refused, and hence behavior modification and drug therapy were recommended. A year later, the dog killed again (another dog), indicating that despite the drug and behavioral treatment, it is likely that its predatory aggression will never be resolved.     

Disseminated blastomycosis in a German shepherd dog

A 5-year-old German shepherd was evaluated after collapsing at home following a week of lethargy and anorexia. Systemic blastomycosis was diagnosed histologically at necropsy. Diagnosis and treatment were difficult due to unusual neurological symptoms, the absence of abnormalities on diagnostic tests, and the advanced stage of the disease at presentation.