俄罗斯演绎马肠阻塞病例报告

肠阻塞又称肠便秘、肠秘结、肠内容物停滞.马属动物肠阻塞是由于多种因素引起的肠管运动机能和分泌机能紊乱,粪不能后移,致使某段或几段肠管完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性疝痛病,一般以大肠和小结肠阻塞最为多见.     

活血通气散治疗家畜肠阻塞

马属动物肠阻塞是由于多种因素引起的肠管运动机能和分泌机能紊乱 ,粪不能后移 ,致使某段或几段肠管完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性疝痛病 ,一般以大肠和小结肠阻塞最为多见 ,小肠和直肠阻塞较少。自 1 997年以来笔者采用活血通气散治疗肠阻塞75例 ,其中马 3例 ,骡 45例 ,驴 2 7例 ;大肠阻塞 40例 ,小结肠阻塞 2 1例 ,小肠阻塞 9例 ,直肠阻塞 5例 ;治愈 65例 ,有效 6例 ,显效 2例 ,无效 1例 ,总有效率为 98.6%。最多服用 2～ 3剂 ,即可恢复正常。1　病因主要是由于饲养管理不当 ,饮水不足 ,劳役不均 ,采食多量豆科植物 ,食盐摄入不足 ,气候的突…     

活血通气散治疗马属动物肠阻塞

马属动物肠阻塞主要是由于饲养管理不当,致使动物饮水不足,劳役不均,采食多量豆科植物,食盐摄入不足或气候突变,饲喂潮湿、霜冻草料或饲料突然变换等多种因素引起的肠管运动机能和分泌机能紊乱,粪便不能后移集聚于肠管的某段或几段,肠管完全或不完全阻塞引起的一种疝痛,一般以大肠和小结肠阻塞最为多见,小肠和直肠阻塞较少.     

中药排结汤治疗马骡肠阻塞

肠阻塞是多量的内容物聚集于肠管的某部,逐渐地变干变硬,以至肠完全不通,所引起马类家畜临床上多见的疝痛病之一。排结汤是在临床实践中,参考一些方剂和中药知识,逐渐摸索,并经实践验证而来的,对肠阻塞的治疗效果较为满意。方剂:大黄240克朴硝120克厚朴21克     

中西医结合治疗马结症

马结症即马肠阻塞,是因肠管运动机能和分泌机能紊乱,粪便积滞不能后移,致使某段或某几段肠管完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性疝痛症,其中以大肠阻塞、小结肠阻塞多见.笔者采用中西医结合的方法多次试治,取得较满意的治疗效果,现介绍如下.     

马属动物便秘疝的诊治

马属动物便秘疝又称为肠阻塞、结症,是由于肠管运动机能紊乱,使某段肠管内粪便停滞而发生完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性腹痛病。在疝痛疾病中发生的比例较高,因其发病急、病程短,若不及时正确地诊断和治疗,很容易造成死亡。本人在多年的临床治疗中,通过不断学习和总结前人的经验,自己得出了初步的临床诊治体会,现总结出来,以供临床诊疗参考。     

马属动物便秘疝的诊治

马属动物便秘疝又称为肠阻塞、结症,是由于肠管运动机能紊乱,使某段肠管内粪便停滞而发生完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性腹痛病。在疝痛疾病中发生的比例较高,因其发病急、病程短,若不及时正确地诊断和治疗,很容易造成死亡。本人在多年的临床治疗中,通过不断学习和总结前人的经验,自己得出了初步的临床诊治体会,现总结出来,以供临床诊疗参考。     

中西医结合治疗马属动物肠结症

肠结症又称肠阻塞、肠便秘,临床上马属动物较常见,常因肠管蠕动机能和分泌机能紊乱,粪便积滞不能后移,致使某段或某几段肠腔完全或不完全阻塞的一种急性疝痛病,中兽医称之为结症。笔者多年来在兽医临床上采用中西医结合治疗骡肠结症16例、驴肠结症5例。     

马属动物肠便秘诊治

肠阻塞又称肠便秘、肠秘结、便秘疝,中兽医称结症,是马属动物肠管运动机能和分泌机能紊乱,肠内容物滞留不能后移所致的一种腹痛病。     

马属动物肠阻塞的治疗与预防

马属动物的肠阻塞是马属动物养殖及兽医临床治疗中经常遇到的胃肠性疝痛病,系肠内容物干涩、积滞,不能正常排出体外而导致肠腔阻塞的一种急性疝痛病,又名结症、便秘、秘结。以大肠阻塞、小结肠阻塞最多,小肠和直肠阻塞较少。以腹痛、肠蠕动减弱乃至废绝、排便减少甚至停止、腹围增大、脱水与自体中毒为特征。患畜若得不到及时且有效的治疗,极易导致死亡。本文以甘谷地区为例,就马属动物肠阻塞的治疗与预防进行了介绍。     

Morphological changes in the small intestinal smooth muscle layers of horses suffering from small intestinal strangulation. Is there a basis for predisposition for reduced contractility?

Reasons for performing study: Intestinal strangulation often leads to enterectomy after which ileus can develop. This has prompted research to look into possible pathophysiological processes triggering equine ileus. However, morphological changes of the small intestinal smooth muscle in relation to equine colic have not yet been studied. Objectives: The presence of some smooth muscle proteins was morphologically assessed and quantified in control and colic horses. In addition, the up‐ or down‐regulation of heat shock proteins (HSP20 and HSP27) influencing the contractility of smooth muscles was studied. Methods: Cranial resection margins of 18 strangulated small intestinal samples were collected. Small intestinal control samples were collected from 11 horses subjected to euthanasia for other than gastrointestinal‐related reasons. Formaldehyde‐fixed tissue was paraffin‐embedded and processed for conventional staining and immunohistochemistry. Snap‐frozen full‐thickness biopsies were collected for western blot analyses. Results: Evaluating the muscle layer microscopically, colic samples showed significantly more signs of degradation than controls (P = 0.026) of which vacuolar degeneration was most prominent (P = 0.009). In colic samples, myosin protein levels were decreased (P = 0.022) whereas desmin (P = 0.049) and HSP20 protein levels (P = 0.005) were elevated. Conclusions: In colic samples, microscopic lesions at the level of the muscle layer indicate a stress response. In addition, modified amounts of structural proteins such as myosin and desmin together with increased HSP20 levels could perhaps provide a basis for explaining the malfunctioning of the intestinal muscle layer. Potential relevance: Post operative ileus, following small intestinal strangulation and resection, could be related in part to a dysfunctional muscle layer. In addition to microscopic signs of degeneration, myosin and HSP20 were affected. Pharmacological interventions might alter HSP20 expressions and thus serve a protective effect.     

In vitro effects of lidocaine on the contractility of equine jejunal smooth muscle challenged by ischaemia‐reperfusion injury

Reasons for performing study: Post operative ileus (POI) in horses is a severe complication after colic surgery. A commonly used prokinetic drug is lidocaine, which has been shown to have stimulatory effects on intestinal motility. The cellular mechanisms through which lidocaine affects smooth muscle activity are not yet known. Objectives: To examine the effects of lidocaine on smooth muscle in vitro and identify mechanisms by which it may affect the contractility of intestinal smooth muscle. Hypothesis: Ischaemia and reperfusion associated with intestinal strangulation can cause smooth muscle injury. Consequently, muscle cell functionality and contractile performance is decreased. Lidocaine can improve basic cell functions and thereby muscle cell contractility especially in ischaemia‐reperfusion‐challenged smooth muscle. Methods: To examine the effects of lidocaine on smooth muscle function directly, isometric force performance was measured in vitro in noninjured and in vivo ischaemia‐reperfusion injured smooth muscle tissues. Dose‐dependent response of lidocaine was measured in both samples. To assess membrane permeability as a marker of basic cell function, release of creatine kinase (CK) was measured by in vitro incubations. Results: Lidocaine‐stimulated contractility of ischaemia‐reperfusion injured smooth muscle was more pronounced than that of noninjured smooth muscle. A 3‐phasic dose‐dependency was observed with an initial recovery of contractility especially in ischaemia‐reperfusion injured smooth muscle followed by a plateau phase where contractility was maintained over a broad concentration range. CK release was decreased by lidocaine. Conclusion: Lidocaine may improve smooth muscle contractility and basic cell function by cellular repair mechanisms which are still unknown. Improving contractility of smooth muscle after ischaemia‐reperfusion injury is essential in recovery of propulsive intestinal motility. Potential relevance: Characterisation of the cellular mechanisms of effects of lidocaine, especially on ischaemia‐reperfusion injured smooth muscle, may lead to improved treatment strategies for horses with POI.     

The use of ultrasonography for diagnosing the cause of colic in cows. A review

Ultrasonography is a very useful technique for diagnosing the cause of colic in cows. It allows visualisation of abnormal reticular contour and occasionally of abnormal contractility in cows with reticuloperitonitis. In right-displaced abomasum, the dilated abomasum can be detected between the right abdominal wall and the liver. Fluid ingesta are seen ventrally and a gas cap of varying size dorsally. Dilated loops of small intestines that are almost always static are the main diagnostic criterion for ileus of the small intestine, but the cause of the ileus can only rarely be determined. Cholestasis can almost always be diagnosed by imaging a dilated biliary system. With obstruction at the level of the hepatic portal, only the intrahepatic biliary ducts are dilated, while a dilatation of the entire biliary tract, including the gallbladder, occurs in the case of an obstruction near the duodenal papilla. Urinary tract diseases cause colic in cows when concrement or inflammatory products become lodged in a ureter. The importance of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diseases causing colic in cows varies. For example, with colic attributable to ileus of the small intestines, cholestasis or urinary tract disease, ultrasonography is a very useful diagnostic tool. On the other hand, for diagnosis of left or right displacement of the abomasum or caecal dilatation, ultrasonography is generally not required, but it is helpful in difficult cases to confirm or rule out a tentative diagnosis and to avoid an unnecessary exploratory laparotomy.     

Primary Unilateral Fibroleiomyoma of the Ovary in a Pregnant Mare: A Case Report

Fibroleiomyomas of the ovary are rare. This smooth muscle tumour may develop and increase in size during pregnancy. Diagnosis is based on histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histologically, the ovarian fibroleiomyoma consists of non‐invasive bundles of smooth muscle cells that synthesize collagen‐like extracellular matrix. This case report describes an ovarian fibroleiomyoma in a pregnant multiparous broodmare with a history of intermittent signs of colic.     

Nutritional management of recurrent colic and colonic impactions

Although diagnosis and treatment of horses with colic have improved in the last 30 years, horses with recurrent colic can be a diagnostic and management challenge for both owners and veterinarians, and colic remains a high priority health concern of owners (Mellor et al. 2001 ). Nutritional management of these cases is often based on previous experience combined with recommendations from the evidence‐based literature. This review will briefly summarise the aetiologies of recurrent colic and primarily focus on evidence‐based nutritional management of colonic impactions, sand enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, and idiopathic recurrent colic, which is limited. Additional topics to be covered elsewhere in this series that are relevant to this topic include nutritional management of gastric ulceration, liver disease, colitis, geriatric horses, and feeding the horse pre‐ and post surgery.     

Effect of catecholamines on the smooth muscles of the esophageal groove of calves

The effect of noradrenaline and adrenaline on isolated smooth muscle from the reticular groove of calves was studied. Both catecholamines caused a concentration-dependent (1.1.10(-6) mol/l) contraction of the transversal muscle strips from the floor of the reticular groove. This excitatory effect was antagonized by prazosin (10(-7)) mol/l), and by high concentrations of yohimbine (10(-6) mol/l) and atropine (10(-5)) mol/l). Tetrodotoxin (3.10(-6) mol/l), an inhibitor of nerve conduction, did not change the contraction induced by catecholamines (55.10(-6)) mol/l). Catecholamines did not produce a contraction of the longitudinal muscle from the lips of the reticular groove. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (55.10(-6) mol/l) even elicited a reduction of acetylcholine (55.10(-6)) mol/l) induced contraction of both the transversal and the longitudinal muscle from the reticular groove. The relaxing effect of isoprenaline was antagonized by propranolol (55.10(-6)) mol/l). According to these results the excitatory effect of catecholamines on the smooth muscle cells occurs through alpha-adrenergic receptors, whereas the relaxing effect is mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors of the muscle cell. The excitatory effect of catecholamines on the transversal muscle appears to be predominant. Atropine appears to be an unspecific blocking agent of alpha-adrenergic receptors.     

当归丁烯苯酞类成分研究进展

以butylidenephthalide（BP）为关键词,检索SciFinder文摘索引数据库与中国知网（CNKI）中有关当归Angelica sineisis（Oliv.）Diels的研究文献,对其含有的同系化合物丁烯苯酞类n-butylidenephthalide（BP）的研究进展加以综述,并对相关的参考文献进行追踪检索,归纳了BP的提取方法、药理作用与含量测定方法。BP主要存在于当归的挥发油中,通过液相制备和分离,测定的主要方法为HPLC-MS法,主要药理作用有抑制血小板聚集、抑制平滑肌细胞增生、抗心绞痛、松弛子宫与气管平滑肌、抗肿瘤生长、抗动脉粥样硬化等。     

仔猪大肠杆菌病病原分离鉴定及自家苗的制备

试验以腹泻仔猪肠道为试验材料,对其肠道内容物进行细菌学检查及分离,对从肠道内容物分离得到的优势菌进行形态特征、生化特性和16S r DNA分子鉴定,判定为大肠杆菌。此菌株对供试的小白鼠有致病性,测其LD50为1.26×107 CFU/只。菌株对供试的氧氟沙星等敏感;对庆大霉素等中度敏感;对林可霉素等耐药。推断此菌株是导致仔猪腹泻致死的主要病原菌。利用病死猪肠道制作自家苗,给产前母猪注射,其后代仔猪腹泻率大幅降低。研究弄清了四川某猪场仔猪腹泻的原因,减少了猪场的经济损失,也为仔猪大肠杆菌病的预防和治疗提供了一定参考,为临床早期合理用药提供一定借鉴。     

Ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a Cocker Spaniel dog

A neurodegenerative storage disease identified as ceroid-lipofuscinosis by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopic examinations was diagnosed in a 4-year-old female Cocker Spaniel dog with progressive ataxia and proprioceptive deficits. Stored pigment was found within neurons of the brain and spinal cord and in smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and small muscular arteries. The microscopic findings resembled those found in six other cases of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis in this breed. However, the brown discoloration of the intestines, which was the major gross lesion observed in those cases, was not found. This is the first report of the disease in Argentina.     

Effects of verapamil on the smooth muscle of the horse urinary tract

The effects of verapamil, a calcium antagonist agent, were studied on smooth muscle preparations of the lower urinary tract of horses. Verapamil (2 X 10(-4) to 2 X 10(-8) M) relaxed the ureter, urethra and urinary bladder preparations contracted by potassium (127 mM), L-noradrenaline (2 X 10(-5) M), histamine (2 X 10(-5) M) and acetylcholine (2 X 10(-5) M). These results allow the conclusion that verapamil has a dose-dependent relaxing effect on smooth muscle of the lower urinary tract.