改变源库比对花生光合特性及产量的影响

以花生新品种丰花1号高产栽培大田为材料,结荚初期人工摘除50％叶片、摘除50％果针,以不进行处理的作对照。结果表明：在处理后前期,摘叶处理虽然单叶光合速率上升,LAI增长速率增大,对叶片减少有补偿效应,但是叶绿素降解加快,含量下降,衰老加快而形成早衰现象,物质积累少,单果重、生物产量、经济产量、经济系数低于对照。摘除果针处理单叶光合速率虽有降低,但叶绿素含量高,降解速度慢,明显延缓植株衰老,LAI一直处于高水平,物质积累量大,荚果充实好,生物产量、经济产量、经济系数显著高于对照和摘叶处理。     

单粒精播密度对幼龄果园间作花生生长发育及产量的影响

为了探明山西幼龄果园间作花生单粒精播的最适密度,以晋花7号花生为试验材料,在幼龄果园间作条件下,研究了不同单粒精播密度与双粒穴播对花生农艺性状、干物质积累动态及产量的影响。结果表明,花生主茎高和侧枝长随精播密度增加而逐渐增加,单株分枝数、单株结果数、双仁果率和饱果率均随密度增加而减少。当单粒精播密度为18.0和21.0万穴/hm2时,干物质积累量与积累速率均高于对照(双粒穴播处理)。由2014年试验数据结合产量趋势方程得出,单粒精播最适密度为19.18万穴/hm2,与对照双粒穴播相比,可节种20.8%,增产7.39%。     

钙与氮肥互作对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响

为探讨钙肥和氮肥施用量对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响,本研究以花育25为试验材料,设置0和600 kg hm^-2 (Ca₀、Ca₆₀₀) 2个钙肥水平, 0、75、150、225、300 kg hm^-2 (N₀、N₇₅、N₁₅₀、N₂₂₅、N₃₀₀) 5个氮肥水平,研究不同试验样地增钙减氮对花生干物质积累和氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与Ca₀相比,Ca₆₀₀条件下花生干物质积累量显著升高,济阳(JY)和饮马泉(YMQ)分别提高了13.5%和12.6%。与N₀相比,济阳(JY)各施氮处理花生植株干物质积累量分别提高了12.8%、17.7%、26.3%和21.0%,饮马泉(YMQ)分别提高了16.7%、28.4%、24.9%和22.9%。花生干物质和氮素吸收积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,济阳...     

不同缓控释肥种类及施用深度对花生养分积累及产质量的影响

为探究豫北地区不同种类肥料对花生产量及品质的影响,采用大田试验,研究4种肥料(缓控释肥、长效肥、控释肥和缓释肥)及施用深度(10,20 cm)对花生农艺性状,氮、磷、钾积累量,SPAD值,产量与品质的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,施用不同种类控释肥料均可改善花生农艺性状,提高花生养分的积累量和产量,改善品质。各施肥处理相比,百果质量、荚果产量和籽仁产量无显著差异。缓释肥浅施时荚果产量最高,达7 083.5 kg/hm²;缓控释肥浅施时主茎高、第一侧枝长最大,荚果产量居中;缓控释肥深施出仁率最高,达70.2%,荚果产量仅次于缓释肥浅施,达6 861.2 kg/hm²,花生仁产量达4 818.2 kg/hm²。缓控释肥对花生的产量与品质影响较显著,缓控释肥深施时比对照增产30.43%,粗脂肪含量增加5.18%;就施用深度而言,缓控释肥深施处理比浅施的氮、磷、钾积累量分别增加8.49%,9.54%和0.28%,粗脂肪含量增加4.76%,产量增加5.06%。因此,豫北砂质壤土区花生种植适宜深施缓控释肥,更有利于花生生长发育及...     

花生综合加工利用前景更广阔

中国是世界上花生产量最多的国家,2001年总产量达1458.3万t,约占世界花生总产量的42.44%。2002年9月花生收获季节,开盘价已达每千克2.6元,比去年同期增加0.6元,目前已涨到每千克3元,作为劳动密集型的花生产业,入世后第一年,优势的开局已呈现。花生营养丰富,每100g生仁中,含蛋白质26.2g、脂肪39.5g、钙67mg、磷378mg、铁1.9mg,还有维生素E、B1、B2等成分。花生蛋白中含有20种氨基酸,其中8种是人体不能合成的必需氨基酸,比例恰当,对人体最有补益。花生脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸占80%以上,不饱和脂肪酸易被人体消化吸收,有降低胆固醇的作用,有助于…     

不同源库关系对花生光合特性及产量的影响

以晋花10号花生为材料,在单粒精播条件下,研究下针结果后期摘除25%、50%的果针,摘除25%、50%的叶片对花生生长发育的影响。结果表明：在摘除果针和叶片处理初期,摘除叶片2个处理的花生LAI、叶绿素含量和光合速率与摘除果针处理相比处于较高水平,但是处理中后期下降速度快,生育后期处于较低水平,不利于光合产物的积累。摘除25%果针处理LAI和叶绿素含量一直处于较高水平,下降速度慢,使生育后期光合速率一直保持较高水平。调查数据表明,摘除果针处理均比对照增产,摘除叶片处理均比对照减产,适当疏库有利于提高花生产量。摘除果针处理后期较高的LAI、叶绿素含量和光合速率使得花生干物质积累速率快,荚果饱满性好,果多,果重,产量高,比对照增产7.5%。摘除50%果针与摘除25%果针相比可能库消减幅度太大,减库造成单株结果数随去除果针数增加而降低,从而单株结果数减少,生物产量降低。     

揭膜对花生生长发育、干物质积累和产量的影响

为探讨新疆地区膜下滴灌条件下花生栽培模式,于2015年以高产油用大花生新品种花育36号为试材,利用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究花前揭膜(UPF)和全生育期覆膜(MPF)2种种植方式对花生生长发育、各器官干物质积累动态变化和荚果产量的影响。结果表明,在UPF和MPF 2种方式下,花育36号的农艺性状、各器官干、鲜质量动态变化以及荚果产量间均存在不显著差异。与MPF种植方式相比,UPF方式有利于增加花生主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、主茎绿叶数和主茎节数等。同时,UPF前期根茎叶和荚果的鲜质量以及根茎叶各器官的干质量均大于MPF,但荚果的干质量小于MPF,UPF下的荚果减产871.3 kg/hm2,减产率为8.1%。在综合考虑环境保护和花生种植效益的前提下,UPF种植方式是可行的,采用该种植方式不但能够较好的利用地膜前期的正向效应,而且大大提高了残膜回收率并增加花生秸秆的附加值。     

玉米花生间作系统优化配置模式研究

通过对2：x型玉米花生间作模式的叶绿素含量,光照强度以及产量效应的分析表明,玉米花生间作以2:6型效果最好,其次为2:8型,其有利于改善群体光照强度的变化,从而提高群体产量。但在缺铁的土壤上,间作改善生态效应的作用变得次要,其主要效应是根际作用改善铁营养,由此间作花生产量不仅没有降低,反而比单作提高。在缺铁土壤上间作改善铁营养效应对群体产量提高的贡献率占70.4%,对产量优的贡献率占65.5%。     

氮肥施用对露地秋季大白菜产量和硝酸盐积累及氮素利用的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同氮肥施用量对露地秋季大白菜产量和硝酸盐积累及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,大白菜产量随氮肥施用量的增加呈增加趋势,施氮平均增产5.5%,平均增收570.4元/hm2,施N量在150kg/hm2左右时大白菜经济效益较高;大白菜球叶总干物质积累与总氮素积累随施氮量的增加均呈先增加后降低的趋势,当施氮量在150和225 kg/hm2时,大白菜球叶总干物质积累与总氮素积累最多;在施N 225 kg/hm2以下时,氮肥利用率和农学效率均较高(分别为31.5%~43.1%和18.5~26.3 kg/kg),氮肥表观损失较低(31.5~168.4 kg/hm2),而高量施氮时,氮肥利用率和农学效率显著降低,氮肥表观损失显著增加,表层土壤氮素显著积累,土壤中氮素向深层淋洗的风险显著增加。在本试验条件下,基于产量、经济效益和环境效益的露地秋季大白菜适宜氮素(N)用量为150 kg/hm2左右。     

Ecological Construction of Urban Green Landscape in Chongqing City

The urban green landscape in Chongqing was analyzed from the view of landscape ecology. It was believed that the urban green landscape was developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still some problems existed, including mainly: (1) the structure of green landscape was unreasonable, (2) the quality of green patches was low, and (3) the function of green corridors was incomplete. It is pointed out that in some urban regions there were lack of green patches, furthermore, some patches were isolated from each other due to lack of green corridors. In the last, taking account of the foundational theory about patch and corridor, some aspects for the design of urban green landscape in Chongqing were proposed: connecting the river and road green corridors and increasing the green patches at the ecological strategic points.     

Study on the Landscape Construction of the Urban Wetland Parks

Through the examples of urban wetland parks construction at home and abroad, the importance of urban wetland parks is expounded in this paper, and the special landscape characteristics of the urban wetland parks accepted by the public and the urban constructor are analyzed, including the natural, ecological and economical characteristics. The natural characteristics include rich and multiple landscapes, biological diversity, remarkable ecological benefits and comprehensive functions. The social characteristics include clear recreational character, rich historical culture connotations and prominent education functions. Then, aiming at the facts existed in the landscape construction of the urban wetland parks in our country, including neglect of the characters and conditions of the region, formalized landscape design, urbanized recreational activities, neglect of other living things, species invasion and neglect of the educational functions in landscape construction and so on. It proposes that the landscape construction of urban wetland parks should follow the important principles as to protect strictly and restore the biology diversity, control the human disturbance, the construction should be based on ecology theories as the instruction, the recreational activities should have their themes and the architecture construction should be natural and ecological and so on. Finally, the thesis discusses the landscape construction concept design and the landscape district construction in the urban wetland parks. It hopes that it can give some promotions to the landscape construction of urban wetland parks through this research.     

现代艺术在城市园林设计中运用的讨论

摘要：随着当今社会的发展,大众的生活水平、文化水平、对艺术的认识水平不断提高,人们的审美水平在日益的增长。现代艺术设计是新时代的产物,而设计与艺术是无法分隔开的。城市园林设计是现代最为综合的艺术,它与现代艺术形式之间有着必然的联系。如今,城市园林设计飞速发展,艺术设计在艺术学领域也在蓬勃兴起。本文简要对城市园林设计的内涵做了界定,阐述了城市园林设计与现代艺术之间的关系,从园林中的小品、雕塑、植物造景等多个方面,分析了现代艺术影响下的城市园林设计。     

城市文化主题公园景观设计探析

城市文化主题公园的建设是诠释城市文化形象、地域特色、生态环境的重要途径。简述城市文化主题公园建设意义,总结了城市文化主题公园景观设计原则与特性,并结合宝鸡市周礼文化主题公园景观营造的实例进行梳理和分析,探讨文化内涵和公园本体景观营造在文化主题公园中的灵魂和核心地位,对中国中小城市主题公园开发、特色建设以及可持续发展提供创新思路,对其文化主题公园文化表达及景观营造具有理论价值和现实作用。     

湿地公园建设中的景观设计研究

湿地公园已成为国家湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,但在其快速建设的过程中也出现了一些景观设计方面的问题。笔者通过分析当前国内湿地公园建设中景观设计方面的不足,明确湿地公园景观的含义和设计目标,指出湿地公园景观由水体景观、生物景观和文化景观构成,提出湿地公园景观设计应遵循生态学、以人为本和美学原则,探讨湿地体验区、湿地功能展示区以及湿地公园服务设施景观设计的内容和方法,以期对今后湿地公园景观设计有一定参考价值。     

VR-based Urban Landscape Artistic Design

"Digital City" has gradually emerged,promoting the digitalization of urban landscape design,and meanwhile,virtual reality (VR) technology allowing us to create and experience the virtual world has come into reality.The use of VR technology in the urban landscape design,and interactive 3D dynamic view,multi-source information fusion and system simulation of the entity behavior will be beneficial to generate the simulation environment of urban landscape design on the computer,and guide the scientific development of urban landscape design.On this basis,this article analyzed the connotation of VR technology and basic characteristics of urban landscape artistic design based on the overview of previous studies on the urban landscape design in multiple aspects,and further explored the application of key technology in the VR-based simulation of urban landscape artistic design,to provide the reference and idea for urban landscape design,and improve overall effect of urban landscape artistic design.     

园艺疗法在城市园林景观中的应用研究

研究旨在将园艺疗法和景观园林结合,借助植物和外界环境来刺激人体感官,缓解疲劳、减轻压力、愉悦身心、预防和治疗疾病,将园艺疗法应用到城市园林景观中是今后园林设计发展的大势所趋。试验通过前期查阅大量相关文献资料,探究了园艺疗法的含义、类型、作用及其与园林景观设计之间的关系等理论方面的内容;于2018年4—5月多次前往唐山南湖公园、大钊公园、凤凰山公园等地进行实地调研,探究园艺疗法在现有城市园林景观中的开展情况,同时设计了一份关于园艺疗法的调查问卷并在网络上和公园中同步发放。问卷回收后,对问卷结果进行整理、分析与讨论,最终探究出园艺疗法在城市园林景观中较适宜的应用模式,如设置不同功能园区包括体验园、感知园、专类园,从园林设计的角度出发更好地开展园艺疗法对人们的感官刺激,同时通过园艺体验改善人们身体机能。     

Optimization of Urban Opening Space Pattern Based on Landscape Ecology

City is a spatial synthesis which consists of various buildings and urban opening space.With the developing of the urbanization,the urban planning will directly influence the sustainable development of a city,and the optimization of the urban zone pattern is the main section of the urban planning.The urban opening space is the main part of the urban landscape with important eco-function.Due to its flexibility,the urban opening space is becoming the object of the urban landscape pattern.In this study,some ecological problems during urban development were discussed,and a series of strategies of urban opening space pattern optimization have been put forward based on landscape planning theories.     

On the Construction of Plant Landscape Form in Urban Landscape Architecture

Design of plant landscape form is a critical part of plant landscaping, and it is an important direction of modern researches on urban plant landscaping to promote the development of plant landscape via the interaction between landscape form design and other means. By elaborating five major influence factors of landscape plants, namely flexibility, art, subject, mode, and artistic conception, this paper explored the application of construction thinking in the construction of urban plant landscape form, in order to provide theoretical basis for the development of urban plant landscape form.