化肥施用量对醋糟有机基质栽培生菜养分吸收利用的影响

为了研究化肥施用量对于有机基质栽培蔬菜养分吸收利用的影响问题,通过不同施肥处理试验,研究醋糟有机基质盆栽条件下生菜养分吸收量、含量以及养分利用率的变化。结果表明：不同施肥量下生菜根、叶中氮、磷、钾的含量随着施肥量的增加而增加。但生菜叶片氮、磷、钾吸收量表现为：1/4s>1/2s>1/8s>1s>0s（正常施肥量为1s,0s、1/8s、1/4s、1/2s分别为正常施肥量的0、1/8、1/4、1/2倍）。化肥中氮、磷、钾的利用率均以1/8s最高。总养分利用率以1/4s处理最高。表明1/4s施肥量是醋糟有机基质盆栽生菜的最适宜施肥量。     

有机废弃物醋糟、粉煤灰对高粱幼苗生长及光合速率的影响

以山西省醋糟作为研究对象,通过分析不同配比醋糟、粉煤灰对高粱幼苗生长及光合速率的影响,以期实现山西省醋糟的资源化利用。试验设置醋糟、粉煤灰4个处理及化肥对照,采用随机区组设计。结果表明:不同配比的醋糟、粉煤灰混合物具有提高高粱光合速率、叶绿素含量及幼苗生长的作用,其中以处理2(醋糟:粉煤灰=1:1配比)效果最好,其光合速率和叶绿素含量分别比对照提高了12.07%和6.47%;气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比对照降低了17.39%、9.10%。综上所述,醋糟、粉煤灰混合物可以有效提高高粱幼苗生长、光合速率。     

氨苄西林对细菌生长抑制作用的测定

【研究目的】抗生素是某些微生物在生长代谢过程中产生的次级代谢产物,具有抑制或杀死微生物的能力[1]。根据抑菌带的长短,即可判断氨苄西林对不同细菌的影响以及不同浓度氨苄西林对同一种菌的影响,初步判断其抗菌谱。【方法】采用滤纸条法测定氨苄西林的抗菌谱,选用的菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌。【结果】随着氨苄西林浓度的增加,抑菌带的长度逐渐增长,抑菌效果越来越强,但同一浓度的氨苄西林对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果差别不是很明显。【结论】氨苄西林通过抑制转肽作用使细菌的细胞壁解体而死亡。     

醋糟不同配比覆盖对句容旱地葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响

为探明有机物料不同覆盖方式对句容旱地葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响,以5年生阳光玫瑰葡萄园地为研究对象,2018年5月以纯醋糟、醋糟+土壤调理剂、醋糟+黄腐酸钾、醋糟+生物炭、醋糟+微生物菌剂覆盖地表,在有机物料覆盖的基础上再设纯物料覆盖、物料+园艺地布覆盖、物料+无纺布覆盖,以清耕为对照,6个月后对0～20 cm土壤样品分...     

不同黄瓜品种对封闭式基质槽培系统的适应性研究

研究不同黄瓜品种在封闭式基质槽培系统下的适应性及品种表现,为开展槽培黄瓜高产高效栽培奠定基础。以筛选的6 个黄瓜品种为试材,对封闭式基质槽培系统下黄瓜品种的物候期、植物学性状、果实品质、产量以及抗病性进行比较分析。结果表明,参试的6 个黄瓜品种中,‘博美80-5’长势强,早期产量和总产量均为最高,较对照品种‘津优35’分别高44.37%和36.56%,且抗白粉病;‘京研108-2’维生素C含量较高,其总产量较对照品种高32.29%;‘中农50’果实风味优于对照和其他品种,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高,分别高于对照品种27.74%、40.58%,且在产量、抗病性等方面表现较佳。综合比较得出,‘博美80-5’、‘京研108-2’和‘中农50’可以作为设施封闭式基质槽培系统的配套品种推广应用。     

基质盐含量对2种槲栎幼苗生长及生理适应性的影响

为了比较北京槲栎和锐齿槲栎的耐盐性及其机理差异,以2种槲栎的2年生幼苗为材料,用1‰~4‰的不同浓度NaCl水溶液进行处理,研究不同盐含量条件下2种槲栎幼苗生长、生理适应性及k+、Na+离子分布。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加,2种槲栎的总叶面积及生物量显著降低,北京槲栎降低幅度达30%,而锐齿槲栎降低幅度达到50%以上,叶片质膜相对透性总体呈增大趋势,锐齿槲栎的增大幅度比北京槲栎高29%,锐齿槲栎叶片保护酶SOD、渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量都显著低于北京槲栎。盐胁迫下2种槲栎根系吸收的K+离子多向茎叶中运输,而吸收的Na+离子多滞留在根系中,北京槲栎能维持稳定的K+离子含量在15 mg/g左右。由比较得知2种槲栎在基质盐浓度低于3‰时都具有一定的耐盐性,且北京槲栎耐盐能力优于锐齿槲栎。     

减农药配合炭-醋材料对烟草生长与病害的影响

[目的][方法]本文以烟草为试验对象,通过田间小区试验,研究了减量农药配合根施炭-醋材料及叶面喷施木醋液对烟草的农艺性状、产量、质量、病害和经济效益的影响。[结果]研究结果表明：与常规施用农药相比,减量农药配合根施炭-醋材料及叶面喷施木醋液,能促进烟草旺长期的农艺性状,抑制田间病害的发生,对产量,质量和产值无显著影响。[结论]减量农药10-20%配合叶面喷施相当量的木醋液替代能使烟草正常生长,满足对产量、品质及产值的需求。     

Impacts of Wetting Fly Ash on the Properties of Concrete

Two types of wetting low calcium fly ash were made for studying the performance under different storage time (1 to 60 months). The surface morphology, granule size distribution of the wetting fly ashes and their properties as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete were investigated. Although the granule size increased and there appeared considerable erosion on the surface, the surface morphology of wetting fly ash kept mostly unchangeable. The water reducing effect resulted from mineral properties of fly ash decreased much due to wetting. Compared with a parallel concrete with dry fly ash, slump of concretes with fly ash of 20~40% wetting for 3 months decreased by 20~40 mm while bleeding and permeability and carbonation had no change. The compressive strength of concrete in 28 day and 60 days with fly ash of 30% wetting for 3 months decreased by 5.8% and 3.7% respectively. However, the specific compressive strength of concrete in 56 days with fly ash of 20% wetting for 36 months still reached at 85% and there was no visible strength discrepancy of fly ash concrete wetting for 3 and 5 years. It was concluded that a wetting low calcium fly ash could be used as supplementary cementitious material in some important concretes.      

溶剂标、基质标对农药残留检测结果的影响及校正

为研究基质效应响应特性、优化检测方法,尽可能消除或补偿基质效应带来的不利影响,笔者针对甘肃省白银市代表性蔬菜(结球甘蓝)、水果(桃),通过对比实验研究溶剂标与基质标对农残检测结果的影响,并提出基质标校正优化方案.结果 显示,结球甘蓝、桃基质对大多数农药残留的测定结果有显著的基质效应,且对比结球甘蓝,桃的基质效应更为显著...     

Study on Deep Treatment of Phosphorus in Secondary Effluent by Coal Fly Ash

In order to explore the best adsorbent and new way of removing phosphorus, this trial uses coal fly ash with PFS and alkali modified coal fly ash to deal with phosphorus in Secondary Effluent. The results: using the coal fly ash with PFS to deal with the model wastewater of 3mg/L, the removing rate can reach 72%. The combination of coal fly ash and PFS can make adsorption and coagulation express synergistic effect, and strengthen the Coagulation Effect. Using the NaOH modified coal fly ash to deal with phosphorus in Secondary Effluent, when dosage is 8g and stirs for 5min in 30r/min, the removing rate can reach 90%. After modified, coal fly ash expresses the adsorption, at the same time coal fly ash and phosphoric acid root ion settles, and strengths the treatment effect. Comparative analysis of the two methods, the NaOH modified coal fly ash can remove phosphorus effective and realize spate separation. This method can reduce the cost, and the metod is easy. It is worth to extensive application.     

醋糟厌氧发酵制氢的影响因素研究

以预处理后的牛粪为接种物,以醋糟为发酵底物进行厌氧发酵产氢试验,研究了底物预处理方法、发酵温度、底物浓度、初始pH值、微量金属元素添加量对产氢量的影响。结果表明,用体积分数0.7%的HCl静置处理24h为最佳预处理方法,且在最佳发酵条件(发酵温度35℃,底物浓度175g/L,初始pH值6.0)下,微量金属元素营养液添加量为2%时,产氢效果最好,累积产氢量为46.91mL/gTS。     

紫色土中联苯菊酯残留对土著微生物的影响

为了阐明紫色土农药残留的生态环境效应特征及土壤微生物响应机理,以三峡库区具代表性的紫色土为材料,通过玉米盆栽模拟试验和平板计数法,研究了残留态联苯菊酯对紫色土土著微生物数量的影响。结果表明,低浓度联苯菊酯对土著细菌和放线菌有显著的促生效应,依联苯菊酯浓度从低到高,土壤细菌和放线菌数量随时间逐次出现最高峰值：第6天,LB-L处理下的细菌和放线菌数分别达9.02×106 个/g和2.77×106 个/g,约为相应对照的9倍和3倍;第11天,LB-M的细菌数约为对照的77倍,达到5.19×107 个/g;第16天时,LB-H的细菌数为1.71×107 个/g,LB-M和LB-H处理下的放线菌数分别为4.04×106 个/g、4.35×106 个/g。其次,联苯菊酯残留对土著真菌有显著且迅速的抑制作用,即使在2.50 mg/kg残留水平下,真菌数量也会在施加联苯菊酯后第2天发生显著降低。再次,紫色土中3种土著微生物类群对残留态联苯菊酯均表现出一定的生态适应性,但表现有所不同：土著细菌的生态响应存在阈值,土著放线菌表现为较长时期内稳定的促生效应,土著真菌则表现为可恢复的抑制效应。试验表明,土壤微生物数量等生物因素可作为联苯菊酯对紫色土根际微生态影响的重要评价指标。     

Modification and Application of Fly Ashfor the Stabilization of Sludge

Under the microwave irradiation, a highly effective adsorptive material zeolitized fly ash (FZ) was made by adding a certain amount of mineralizer in the raw material of the limestone and fly ash. The structure of zeolite and the mechanism of modification were investigated by the analysis of XRD and SEM.The stabilization mechanism was analyzed and the variation of heavy metals and nutrient contents in sewage sludge were investigated through the sludge stabilization experiment by mixing zeolitized fly ash in the municipal sewage sludge. It was indicated that the zeolitized fly ash had obvious stabilization effect to heavy metals (Zn、Cu、Mn) and had apparent retention ability to the nutrients contents of N、P of the municipal sewage sludge. The heavy metals contents of Zn, Cu and Mn were all significant lower than those in the national control standards for pollutants in sludges from Agricultural. After the stabilization treatment of the municipal sewage sludge, the total content of N was lower than that in the national surface water environmental quality standards (10 mg/L), the total content of P was lower than that in Quality Standard of the Sewage discharged into the city sewer system(1 mg/L).     

豆渣膳食纤维的研究

目前,从豆渣中提取膳食纤维,并利用其制备功能型食品,引起国内外的广泛关注。系统阐述了豆渣中膳食纤维的提取方式及影响因素,并介绍了膳食纤维在食品制造业中的应用。