湖南省2006年水产养殖病害监测分析报告

2006年1月～12月在全省设置测报站8个对1.49万hm2养殖水面的16个养殖品种的病害进行为期12个月的监测,一共监测到28种病原,其中细菌性病是主要水产养殖病害,细菌病     

2004年湖南省水产养殖病害监测报告

2004年4—12月在全省设置测报站7个．对1．22万hm^2养殖水面的15个养殖种类病害进行为期9个月的监测，一共监测到22种病原．其中细菌性病害和寄生虫病是主要水产养殖病害．分别占病原比例的37％和29．5％。4—10月是我省鱼病综合发病期．根据各主要养殖品种的平均死亡率。估测2004年全省水产养殖病害死亡造成的直接经济损失约为3亿元。     

湖南省2003年水产养殖病害监测分析报告

2003年4～10月在全省设置测报站点7个，对1．2万hm^2养殖水面的15个养殖种类病害进行为期7个月的监测，一共监测到34种病原，其中细菌性病害是主要水产养殖病害，占病原比例的59％。5～9月是我省鱼病综合发病高峰期，根据各主要养殖品种的平均发病率，估测2003年全省水产养殖病害死亡造成的直接经济损失超过2亿元。     

四大家鱼养殖技巧

青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼是我国传统的四大家鱼.四大家鱼之所以受到老百姓的喜爱,其中有着悠久的历史文化渊源,在许多宴会上都会摆上四大家鱼以示喜庆和吉祥,因此,四大家鱼仍然具有巨大的需求市场.笔者根据理论结合实践来介绍四大家鱼的养殖技巧,希望能对养殖户提供一些技术上的支持.     

四大家鱼常见细菌病的诊断和治疗

本文主要介绍了四大家鱼常见细菌性疾病的诊断和治疗方法,主要包括烂鳃病、赤皮病、肠炎病、细菌性败血症、打印病、竖鳞病等细菌性疾病,旨在为四大家鱼的细菌病临床诊断和治疗提供实践参考依据。     

四大家鱼种质资源的研究进展

四大家鱼是我国淡水养殖和捕捞的主要对象,本文从种质资源鉴定、保护、种质标准的角度出发,简要介绍了目前我国四大家鱼种质资源的现状,以及遗传标记在四大家鱼种质资源中研究进展,并就目前普遍存在的四大家鱼遗传衰退的原因进行分析,比较详细的提出了四大家鱼种质资源保护的目的、策略和措施。     

四大家鱼产卵水文水动力特性研究综述

四大家鱼是中国重要的经济鱼类,长江是四大家鱼的天然种质库,长江四大家鱼的自然繁殖数量对四大家鱼的资源保护意义重大.四大家鱼产卵与河流水文水动力关系密切.较为全面的阐述了四大家鱼产卵与水温、涨水过程的关系,并对四大家鱼产卵场的分布和水动力特性进行了简要描述.本工作将为针对四大家鱼产卵的水库生态凋度和四大家鱼产卵场修复提供一定技术支持.     

2008年湖南省水产养殖病害监测分析

2008年,在长沙、岳阳、常德、湘潭、益阳、邵阳、怀化、永州、衡阳9个测报站,对我省21961hm^2养殖水面的水产病害进行为期12个月的监测,其结果表明：被监测水面有青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鳜鱼、鲴鱼、鮰鱼、翘嘴鲌、黄鳝、牛蛙、鳖、珍珠蚌14个养殖种类发生病害,其中细菌性疾病是主要病害,3—10月是主要发病期。     

瑞昌长江四大家鱼鱼苗资源成因及捕捞技术

本文介绍了瑞昌独特的地理位置和水文条件形成独特的长江四大家鱼鱼苗资源,采用特制的网具进行捕捞,通过筛、挤、撇办法除去野杂鱼苗,选留四大家鱼鱼苗,从事长江四大家鱼原种选育保种工作,向全国水产科研单位和良种场供应原种,并供养殖者使用。     

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类生物学研究的回顾与前瞻

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类种类繁多,大多为r选择型或由K选择型演变为r选择型,资源更新速度较快、可持续利用的前景较为广阔,在中国海洋捕捞业产量中的比重呈上升趋势。本文综述了中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类的渔业发展概况,着重介绍了鳓(Ilisha elongata)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)、竹鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)、黄海鲱(Clupea harengus pallasi)和黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等6种主要种类资源生物学的研究进展,概述了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场及其产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变动,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估,同时展望了其资源生物学研究的前景并提出了前瞻性建议。     

湖南沅江南洞庭湖虾蟹资源的初步调查

对湖南沅江南洞庭湖虾蟹资源作一调查,结果表明:有游泳亚目虾类6种,分属2科3属,其优势种群为秀丽白虾,爬行亚目虾类1种;爬行亚目蟹类3种,分属2科2属,其中优势种群为锯齿溪蟹。对该地区的虾、蟹类组成和种群大小进行了初步分析;提出了经济虾、蟹类的利用前景及保护措施。     

Differential impact of recombinant human activin on LH secretion in male and female common carp during wintering and spawning period

The pituitaries of male and female common carps were subjected to the treatment with recombinant human activin A. Basal LH secretion decreased in females during wintering, but stimulated basal and sGnRH-induced LH secretion during ovulatory period. It stimulated LH secretion in males during wintering, but not during spawning, suggesting sex-specific effect of activin on LH secretion in common carp.     

网箱养殖鮸状黄姑鱼常见病害的防治

本文报道(鱼免)状黄姑鱼网箱养殖中常见病害及其防治方法。细菌性烂鳃病:流行季节为5—8月,危害各生长阶段鱼,川浓度10×10~(-6)漂白粉和10—20×10~(-6)呋喃西林分别浸洗3—5min,连续2、3次可治愈;细菌性竖鳞病:发病季节为4—12月,危害各生长阶段鱼,治疗用40×10~(-6)高锰酸钾浸洗5—10min及呋喃西林粉末涂抹患处,或注射链霉素15—20mg/kg鱼;肠炎病:发病水温18—30.5C,流行高峰25—30C,危害各生长阶段鱼,防治方法为,每100kg鱼用呋喃唑酮3—5g或氟哌酸5—10g拌饵投喂,连用4—6d;湖蛭病:流行于12—5月水温22C以下吋,寄生于各龄鱼,影响亲鱼的性腺发育,可用捕捉去除、淡水浸泡5—10min或5—6％盐水浸泡3—5min使虫体脱落;气泡病:发病季节5—9月,水温25—30.5C,危害体长150mm以下幼龟,将发病早期的个体移入水温较低、水质较清洁新鲜的水中,可使恢复正常。     

日本沼虾养殖过程中氨基脲存在特征研究

为探究不同生长时期养殖日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)体内氨基脲(Semicarbazide,SEM)的存在特征与变化规律,从养殖池塘采集不同生长时期日本沼虾样品,对各组织中SEM含量进行测定。结果表明:不同生长阶段日本沼虾样品中均有SEM检出,肌肉、甲壳、附肢、眼柄、鳃、肝胰腺中总SEM含量分别为(6.88±0.15)～(17.11±0.62)、(107.30±1.10)～(306.09±8.69)、(243.90±8.55)～(532.31±26.27)、(85.27±3.19)～(122.82±2.60)、(48.43±2.13)～(85.60±1.33)、(13.51±1.15)～(25.94±1.78)μg/kg,呈现:附肢>甲壳>眼柄>鳃>肝胰腺>肌肉的含量分布特征。SEM在肌肉和肝胰腺中主要以游离态形式存在,游离态SEM所占平均比例分别为67.35%和72.4%,在甲壳、眼柄、附肢、头胸部和鳃中主要以结合态形式存在,结合态SEM所占平均比例分别为89.50%、87.16%、85.68%、80.48%和73.30%。...     

Fluctuations in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids during the annual cycle and spawning of the common carp

The main objective of the paper is to describe the annual changes in hormones associated with reproduction in the female carp under the conditions prevailing in the Israeli fish culture. Fish were sampled monthly throughout 1984; gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated and the diameter of ovarian follicles was measured. Gonadotropin (GTH) content in the pituitary and the circulating GTH, estradiol, testosterone and 17, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20-P) were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. GTH, estradiol and testosterone showed a bimodal annual pattern. The late summer peak was associated with initial vitellogenesis while the peak in spring occurred just before spawning, which took place in April-May. A resting phase in ovarian activity was noted in June and July. The levels of 17, 20-P were very low compared with those occurring during spawning induction. The paper summarizes a previous study by our laboratory on the changes in circulating hormones, as related to oocyte stages, in female carp induced to spawn by a GTH-calibrated pituitary extract. This study associates the short but prominent peak in 17, 20-P with the presence of follicles with maturing oocytes in the ovary. A correlation was found between the percentage of oocytes with eccentric germinal vesicle initially present in ovarian biopsies of females carp and their spawning success after hypophysation. The paper describes simple means to ensure successful induction of spawning in carp by utilizing a calibrated pituitary extract and prior selection of females that would respond to the induction treatment.     

养殖鱼类血清生长激素水平与锌含量的关系研究

本文应用放射免疫分析法测定6种养殖鱼类血清中生长激素水平，采用原子吸收光谱法测定了相应血清中的锌含量。实验结果显示，养殖鱼类血清中的生长激素水平与锌含量呈正相关。     

三种因素对海水生物流化床启动期间营养盐去除及amoA基因表达的影响

在实验室规模下,以旋转式生物流化床(CB-FSB)为研究对象,研究了初始总氨氮(TAN)、水温及滤料膨胀率3种条件下,海水生物流化床生物过滤功能启动期间TAN和亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2-N)去除及amoA基因数量的变化。结果显示:生物流化床生物过滤功能启动所需时间随着水温的升高而缩短,在水温为15℃、20℃和25℃时,启动所需时间分别为27 d、25 d和23 d;初始TAN质量浓度的升高也会缩短生物流化床生物过滤功能启动所需要的时间,在初始TAN质量浓度为1 mg/L、2 mg/L、4 mg/L时,启动所需时间分别为24 d、22 d和21 d;在膨胀率为100%和150%时,启动所需时间无明显差别,分别为21 d和20 d,明显好于膨胀率为50%时启动所需时间27 d;amoA基因的数量变化与TAN去除率的变化有一定的相关性,并随着初始TAN浓度的升高而增多,在4 mg/L时数量最多,达到2.76×10~7copies/g。     

Consequences of fishing lure retention on the behaviour and physiology of free-swimming smallmouth bass during the reproductive period

When break-offs occur during recreational angling, lures may be retained by the fish. To date, there have been few studies on the consequences of lure retention on sportfish. This study evaluated how the retention of three different types of lures (i.e., crankbait, jig and plastic worm—all with barbed hooks) influenced the behaviour, physiology and reproductive success of nesting, male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) relative to controls released after lure removal. Bass were angled from their nests and subjected to a simulated lure retention scenario in which one of three lure types was placed in the upper middle jaw. Males were subsequently released and their behaviour (time to return to nest, parental care behaviour) was monitored. Immediately after release, fish with retained lures exhibited altered behaviour relative to control fish, attempting to expel the lure. However, these differences in behaviour were no longer apparent after 24 h even for those fish that retained the lures. Rates of nest abandonment did not differ between treatment and control fish in the short term. Fish were rarely able to liberate themselves from the retained lure in the several days post-treatment. Physiological sampling conducted on jig treatment fish and angled controls revealed elevated blood glucose concentrations in fish that had retained lures for 24 h, while lactate concentrations and hematocrit did not differ between treatment and control fish. These results demonstrate that lure retention in the short-term influences both the behaviour and physiology of smallmouth bass. Given that lures were generally retained throughout the study period, there may be merit in anglers using barbless hooks that may be more readily shed by fish that break the line, reducing the welfare impacts associated with lure break-offs on wild fish. Additional studies are needed to understand the longer term consequences of lure retention in free-swimming fish.     

Sardine and anchovy regime fluctuations of abundance in four regions of the world oceans: a workshop report

Regimes of high abundance of sardine (Sardinops sagax and Sardina pilchardus) have alternated with regimes of high abundance of anchovy (Engraulis spp.) in each of the five regions of the world where these taxa co-occur and have been extensively fished. When one taxon has been plentiful, the other has usually been at a reduced level of abundance, and vice versa. Changes in the four heavily fished regions that support S. sagax–the Japanese, Californian, Humboldt, and Benguela systems–from a regime dominated by one taxon to a high level of abundance of the other have occurred more or less simultaneously. In the Pacific Ocean, sardines have tended to increase during periods of increasing global air and sea temperatures and anchovies to decrease. The Japanese system is dominated by sardines to a greater extent than the other systems, and sardines off Japan appear to increase as the Kuroshio Current cools. At the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean, sardines colonize cooler areas during periods of warming. The Benguela system is out of phase with the three Pacific systems. The four systems all appeared to be in a state of flux in the 1980s. Increased abundance of the subdominant taxon is often one of the first signs of change. Sardines are relatively sedentary in refuge areas when scarce but change behavior to become highly migratory and colonize cooler areas when abundant. Anchovies, by contrast, expand around a fixed geographic center.